英语翻译

Autogenous shrinkage of cement paste and concrete is defined as the macroscopic volume change occurring when there is no moisture exchange between the material and the exterior surrounding environment. It is the result of chemical shrinkage produced by the hydration of cement particles [5, 28–30].

水泥浆体和混凝土的自生收缩被定义为在材料和外部周围环境之间不存在水分交换时，发生的显微体积变化。它是由水泥粒子的水合作用产生的化学收缩的结果[5,28-30]。

Autogenous shrinkage has only recently been documented and accurately measured [28,29]. In the tests the concrete sample is sealed, there is no moisture transfer to the surrounding environment, and can be measured by volumetric or linear measurements. Jensen and Hansen [31], developed a special, corrugated mould system, which combines the advantages of linear and volumetric measurement. Before set, the corrugated mould system transforms the volumetric deformation into a linear deformation, and, after set, a normal, linear deformation is measured. In this way, it is possible to commence linear measurements immediately after casting. In this paper this technique was used to measure autogenous deformation; the description is presented in Section 4. In conventional concretes, autogenous deformation is generally negligible, whereas in HS/HPC it can be considerable [30–35].

自生收缩只在最近才被文献引证和精确测量[28,29]。在测试中，混凝土样本被密封，没有水分传递到周围环境，而且可以用体积测量或线性测量。Jensen和Hansen[31]开发了一种特殊的，绉纹状的模子系统，该系统结合了线性测量和体积测量的优点。在凝固前，绉纹状模子系统将体积变形转换成线性变形，而在凝固后，则测量正常的线性变形。用这样的方法，有可能在浇注后立即开始线性测量。在本文中，这种技术被用于测量自生变形；其说明在第4节中介绍。在常规的混凝土中，自生变形一般可以忽略，而在HS/HPC中，它可以相当大。

3. Rice-husk ash

3. 稻壳灰

The rice husk is a ligneous hard layer of the cereal with high silicate content. When subjected to combustion, almost 20% of the husk becomes ash with a porous cellular structure (Fig. 1), a high specific surface (50–100 m2/g) and high silica content. RHA is a waste product. The chemical composition of RHA depends on burning temperature and time of burning, but the variations in the elements are not significant.

稻壳灰是具有高硅酸盐含量的谷类的一种木质的硬层。当遭受燃烧时，几乎20％的外壳变成带有多孔蜂窝状结构（图1），高比表面积（50－100 m2/g）和高二氧化硅含量的灰。RHA是一种废物产物。RHA的化学组分取决于燃烧温度和燃烧时间，但是元素的变化是不明显的。

The ash from open-field burning or from non-controlled combustion in industrial furnaces usually contains a higher proportion of non-reactive silica minerals such as cristobalite and tridymite, and it should be ground to very fine particles to develop pozzolanic activity. In addition, highly pozzolanic ash can be produced by means of controlled combustion, when silica is kept in non-crystalline form and cellular structure. Such silica can react when added to cement in the presence of water, with calcium hydroxide, resulting in cementitious compounds [8]. Most researchers confirm the fact that the burning temperature is a critical point in the production of amorphous reactive ash [36].

由开阔场地燃烧或在工业炉中不加控制地燃烧得到的灰通常含有较高比例的非反应性二氧化硅矿物质，例如方石英和鳞石英，而且，要发展火山灰（凝硬性）活性，它应该被研磨成很细的颗粒。此外，高火山灰性（凝硬性）灰可以通过控制燃烧来产生，此时，二氧化硅保持在非结晶形式和蜂窝状结构。这样的二氧化硅在存在水的情况下加到水泥中时，可以与氢氧化钙起反应，产生胶结化合物[8]。大多数研究人员证实，燃烧温度是生产无定形反应性灰的关键点。

"通情达理"怎么翻译成英语

汉英主辞典:

通情达理

tōnɡ qínɡ dá lǐ

1.understanding and reasonable;

sensible

2.to show good sense; to have the

grace to do sth.; to stand to reason

give the matter considerable thought 这英语,为什么是thought而不是think??

因为前者是个名词，

后者是个动词，

另外在这里需要名词形式。

请帮我翻译成英语

1.The cultivation of a sense of the phrase

Often listen to English songs, you can cultivate a good sense of language students. In any language, the language sense is one of the most important part: for example, we see or hear in a Chinese sentence, it should first think of its structure is not a sentence or a sentence, but to feel that Qualcomm read the sentence whether or not to see Shun - we can use this method almost to cope with all types of Chinese sentence, in fact, whether it is day-to-day exchange or examination, we are to do so.

English as a matter of fact, China's English teaching in a very long time ago in this part of the introduction of grammar. This is of course to learn English to be helpful, it will give us a clearer understanding of sentence structure, a better understanding of the sentence. But its shortcomings are obvious - a large number of premature contacts of knowledge of grammar to enable students to learn English to move to the center point rather than the grammar of English itself: When the students found that only knowledge of the grammar will be able to learn in the examination achieved good results, it will be not to pay attention to the cultivation of English, especially the cultivation of a sense of the English language. In order to test and examination

Since so many of the examination to become meaningless.

In fact, even for the examination, a sense of the advantages of language is also very clear - do not take the time to ****yze the structure of the sentence that sentence, just the feeling of language proficiency can be fast and high accuracy to the large number of topics.

Exchanges in the day-to-day, the language is much better sense of the improvement in the quality of the rate of exchange. In that case, are often created by the English songs in English-speaking environment, the brain can make sense of subtle acceptance of the cultivation of language training - the phrase is also a sense of possession of language proficiency. Songs in English, over and over again listening to those beautiful English, people can easily grasp the environment in many language.

2.Learn singing voice

The lyrics are poetic language, tone and briefly that the rhythm of a crisp, articulated so forcefully. Learn the lyrics of the voice is the most effective exercises. Sing songs about the English word bite, namely clarity, in order to bring the word to sing, and the need for elision, for knowledge, such as voice. This requires particular attention to singing voice, tone. Children's songs such as London's Burning full song is only 4: London's burning, London's burning. Fetch the engines, the engines. Fire! Fire! Fire! Fire! Pour On water, Pour On water. This is a song written by the fire of London in 1666,

Very few people had a few words in portraying scenes from the fire, and sentence fluency, easy to read. Through the study of this song, stress, re-read, Tone, rhythm, and many difficulties have been voice training, voice tone would also be greatly enhanced.

Songs sometimes slow and sometimes fast-paced demands of the pronunciation is relatively high, while the lyrics Tone, skimming, re-read recurring phenomena such as, the pronunciation of English learners would be of considerable help. At the same time, the lyrics of this song is also very deep writing, like a lyric poem.