居住小区调查报告翻译（英语）①

Abstract:

In recent years, with the further acceleration of urban housing, real estate continued to heat up. Have appeared in a modern sense of the real estate rich. Based on the garden island of investigation, ****ysis, understanding the construction of residential areas during the preparation of detailed planning and content of the residential area are familiar with the basic planning and design practices, and to consolidate and deepen their understanding of the principle of residential planning and design as well as the norms of planning and design of urban living learning, so the theory with practice, students study and ****ysis of comprehensive ability.

Preface:

Residential quarters of the planning and design is a complex, integrated systems engineering, it is far more than simply the scope of engineering and technology, and in-depth the social, economic, ecological, cultural, psychological, behavioral and other fields. Residential area is an important part of the city, living space is an extension of the urban space, and its existence and operation can not be separated from that city, and who is also the main residence, residential planning and design must be "people-oriented, physical people with "point of view, and effectively solve a variety of life needs of residents.

Area Description:

The island center is located in Mianyang City, the east and north of the city around the science, to the south-west cross-Fujiang Hanlong Changhong Bridge and the urban area connected to the high-water industrial park, a **all island surrounded by water, the environment elegant, in a city wearing the Fujiang Line the center of the landscape, and the Urban Working People's Cultural Palace Square, Binhe Green Park Temple Square and is adjacent to the clean water, excellent with the surrounding natural landscape of the human landscape to form a beautiful landscape painting, known as the "city on the Pearl River Island." A beautiful ecological environment, the unique geographical position of the **all island north of the city is located in Mianyang City, the main urban areas, is rare in Mianyang of southwest China as well as an independent island, the entire island covers an area of about 1,700 total acres, surrounded by water, through the bridge and Hanlong City connected. the development of **all island Garden City, Phase II (a total construction area of about 270,000 square meters) on the basis of the end of the year will be the development of **all island Garden City 3. Island garden city 3 acres of net land area of 149, with a total construction area of about 200,000 square meters, the property covered by the form of residential and low-density residential elevator. In order to ensure the quality of the project design, and better continuity of a **all island garden city, a good quality 2.

Economic and technical indicators:

Garden City master plan for the island covers an area of approximately 2026.5 acres (including wetlands ecology, natural lakes, the original vegetation and ecology of wetlands), with a total construction area of nearly 742,500 ㎡. 4059 households live, the total population of 11,679 people live.

Surrounding environment:

The surrounding environment of a residential area affect the quality of life, the island is located in Mianyang City Center, owned the surrounding culture, education, health care, telecommunications and other organizations, so the garden island have a good surrounding environment, combined with its district facilities, and indeed area can feel comfortable life. This is attributed to access to good land use planning, residential integration with the entire Fujiang better.

Road system:

Residential areas to provide residents with convenient, safe, comfortable and beautiful living environment, and the road planning and design are affecting the travel convenience of residents and security. The road system is the backbone area. Primary and secondary level to clear the road, major road alignment must be reasonable. Cell composition of the road for four roads, road class for the residential area, Residential Area roads, roads and housing groups before the cul-de-sac, convenient road system, security, economic and clear classification. Set up a separation of people and vehicles of the road system. A clear separation between pedestrian and car. Area road grading clear, when the flow of people passed on the road, both sides of the road to organize the scene in order to achieve the effect of walk-for-King

谁能给我找10道7选5的题？？、

1.Directions:

In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)

Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals.Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now.

41).Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago.That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land,often of the plants that grew on it,and even of its climate.

42).Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action,and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water.Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.

43).There were also crablike creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance.The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming.The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses.They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.

44). Of these,the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.

45).About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.

[A]The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.

[B]Nevertheless,we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.

[C]The first animals with true backbones were the fishes,first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.

[D]The best index fossils tend to be marine creature. There animals evolved rapidly and spread over large over large areas of the world.

[E]The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forma are more complex,and among these are the sea lilies, relations of the star fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.

[F]When an animal dies,the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.

[G]Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organi** may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.

〔试题分析〕

本篇是一篇科普文章，介绍的是史前类动物。文章结构比较清晰，首先用一般性的介绍来引入史前类动物和记载它们形体和活动的化石，接下来的几段就逐渐按照进化的顺序来一一介绍各种动物。

具体分析一下五个空白处的内容。

41.首先来看一下空白处的上下文。上文讲的是许多生物都已经灭绝，没有后代生活在这个世界上。下文讲的是化石使我们了解了这些生物的形态。可以推断，空白处是一个衔接的句子，应该是从生物到化石介绍的过渡，再看选项中，〔A〕〔B〕〔E〕都提到了这两方面内容，但〔A〕〔E〕谈的是具体的一些生物，不是这段泛泛而谈的所有生物，因此不契合。〔B〕是正确答案。

42.本题考查寻找特征词的能力。在该题中，根据就近原则在该题后的句子中找到“the fossils”和“water action”为特征词。“the fossils”说明“fossils”一词是至少是第二次出现，因为它前面加了定冠词the，通过仔细观察并不难发现，42以及其前面的内容中都没有fossils，这就确定fossils一词必定出现在41，42中。根据意群相一致原则，在42中必定要与“water action”同现或复现的语言点。综上所述，有同时满足以上两个条件的选项才是正确答案。虽然[G]项一开始就有“how fossils are preserved”, 但是[G]项讲的是动物遗体上的有机组织转化形式，没有提及水的活动。选项〔F〕中就多次提到水在化石形成过程中的重要作用，与上下文相符合。

43.本题选择的特征词是“also”。“also”表并列关系，这就证明在43前面的句子中应当与also后的crab like creatures相并列，即空白处显然有关于另一动物的内容；从本段开始，文章转向讨论由低级高级变化(进化)中的动物。[E]项开始的部分是“The earliest animals whose remains have been found.”,符合文章写作的顺序。[B]项与上文相符，但与下文不符，且与全文结构不相吻合。

44.本题选择的特征词是these以及与其具有同指关系的ammonites 和They 。通过阅读44以后的两个句子不难发现，these，ammonites ，They是指同一事物，意即有“shell”的事物。同时44后一开始就有“Of these,...”,也就是说，空白部分应该有“some, several, many”或类似的词，答案只能是[A]。由于文中有了“The first animals”,为避免句式上的重复，作者改变句子起始的模式。这种做法很多见，因而也是考生阅读和写作中应该注意的。

45.该题目是一道简单试题，一方面这是一道段落题，这就决定了有可能选最长的选项为答案，另一方面根据就近原则在下一段首句中发现的About 75 million years ago成为我们解题的关键。从文章的整体结构看，这里需要一个内容的“**”：前面几段，动物都在不断地进化，而下文中“About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over”,这里需要有一个“交代”。只有[C]项符合这一条件；同时，“reptile”在本题空白处前文章中从没有提到，在下文中又没有作为新信息，因而作为正确答案的选项中一定有这个词，只有[C]项中有“The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea,and in the air”。所以正确答案只能是[C]。

答案：41.B 42.F 43.E 44.A 45.C （编辑：赵露）

2.Directions:

In the following text, some segments have been removed. For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41)_________________________

Be flexible. Your outline should **oothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42)____________Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.

(43)_________________ Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.

It you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44)________________ These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.

Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The students who wrote “The A P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45)____________

Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times—and then again—working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.

〔A〕 To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.

〔B〕After you have clearly and adequately, developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It's probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.

〔C〕It's worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.

〔D〕It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.

〔E〕Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy's decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel's crabbed response to the girls so that she could lend up to the A P “policy” he enforces.

〔F〕 In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A P”, the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel's store policies.

〔G〕 By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.

解析

〔宏观阅读〕

总的来说，今年的7选5题型较去年的概述大意题明显难度有所增加，但和05，06年相比难度还是有所下降，主要体现在生词怪词很少，考生读懂应该没有什么障碍。今年的考题是关于如何利用好写作的第一稿（草稿）。

本篇文章一共六段，除了最后一段，正好是每一个段落出一道题目。而此类指导性文章又有很鲜明的特点，就是段落主题清晰，而且经常文章要么按照一个明确的线索展开，要么就各自为战，每段讲一个方面。本文是属于后者的。

〔分析选项〕

所谓分析选项就是指可以先扫描一下选项，把每个选项中的特征词，如重复出现的词、时间、数字、连词、代词、同义词或者反义词还有一些特殊的标点符号等划出来。同时，要概述每个选项的大意。

(A) 为了便于修订，在行与行之间留出空白处以能够方便的增加一些单词，句子或是作一些修改。只在纸的一边写。这个选项以to do开头，很明显是表征目的性的。另外最后该选项出现只在一边写，应该预测下文中应该会叙述到纸的另一边肯定有什么别的作用。

(B) 选项开头After you have clearly and adequately, developed the body of your paper，出现了连词after很明显表明这个选项前面肯定写的是如何写论文的主体部分。选项的后半段又出现了两个核心概念introductory and concluding paragraphs。因此该选项后面肯定会详细阐述如何写引子，如何写总结。

(C) 选项前半句出现了however和though表示特殊强对比的词，前半句又出现的是terrific表示不好的词，那我们就应该理解成printer是好的。后半句就明显说明了打印下来了好处。还有可以关注选项C中有很多专有名词，如printer, disk, power failures等。

(D) 选项开头“你如何写都没有区别”，很明显前文中肯定讲述了很多写的方法。后半段出现了有一个核心概念outline，选项后面应该讲述和outline相关联的事物。

(E) 前半句Although this is an interesting issue, 出现了指代词this,也就表明该选项前肯定叙述了一件有趣的事情。在最后出现了专有名词AP。

(F) 和选项E一样同时出现了专有名词AP ，仔细研读和E的区别在选项F 讲述的是在最后一段，而选项E “Instead of including that paragraph”，就是指删去了这一段。这两个概念是正好是截然相反的，形成强对比。

(G) 前半句“把第一次的草稿看成你表达想法的方式”，体现出草稿和想法是相关联的。最后说到不要希望第一次就写出没有错误的草稿。

〔选择答案〕

41. [答案] D

第41题所在段落讲到的是写作最重要的是要开始写，作者甚至夸张的说，站着、坐着，甚至躺着，都不重要，这就这好与选项D中的第一句It makes no differences how you write连接起来。空前面出现的内容告诉读者如果写文章时只要作者不再试图避免一些事情第一稿就会跃然纸上，在空后第一句里出现了outline这个词，因此41题中也会出现和outline相关的内容。D选项的内容就中提到用什么方式来写作不重要，重要的是定下一个题目，然后可以通过整理笔记来填充你的outline(提纲)。因此答案是D。但是考虑到41题目前面的句子较长，考生理解起来有一定的困难，本题难度适中偏难。

42. [答案] G

第42题讲写作中你的思路(idea)和草稿(draft)之间的关系。作者的观点是思路第一，不要被已经写出来的东西束缚了你的思路。此题较难，当然正确答案G中开始的draft和thinking与42题前面draft和idea正好呼应，可以作为一个猜测的思路。其次选项是在讲draft的问题，所以答案中还会涉及到draft。选项后的句子中提到：一些写作中的错误可以等到修改的时候才去处理。选项的最后提到不要尝试在第一次的时候写出完全没有任何错误的文稿，因此只有选项G符合这个逻辑。

43. [答案] A

第43题，笔者认为比较容易，段落开始的地方出题并不可怕，关键是第三段本来就短，阅读量不大，而且A选项也很短，而更加明显的是A中最后的one side of the paper和第三段最后的on the other side呼应关系非常明显，因此本题较容易。

44. [答案] C

第44题，选项后面提到了these printouts，空前面提到:“在修改过程中，看打印出来的材料比看电脑屏幕容易。”因此44题选项中也会有和打印出来的材料相关的内容。C选项中很明显地有copy 还有 printer对应下文中所提及的打印出来的材料。其次第四段在讲电脑的字处理技术，那么在选项中找个讲这方面的好了。注意C中出现的这些词 printer 打印机；disk 磁盘；data数据；power failures 停电，看到这些词，想不选C也难。但是考虑到C中并没有直接出现computer, word processor等词，而且第四段本身比较长。此题难度中等偏难。

45. [答案] E

第45题，估计有很多的考生都会从E和F中选一个，因为在选项中提到所谓的AP的就它们两个。但是可能有同学会看到F中的final一词，又想45题在段落最后，就选了它，那么就错了。正确答案E的确定主要看E中第一句Although this is an interesting issue中有一个指代词this,说明上文中有一件作者认为较为有意思的事情，看看第5段最后一句中说到写作文的学生写了一个段落来怀疑Sammy是否对女性表现出了大男子主义，正好是作者指代的this；其次前文提到Sammy这个人，这是一个线索词，选项中E 和F中都包含这个词，但是此段的主题句提到，在写作中要删去与主题不相关的素材，E选项中instead of adding that paragraph，也就意味着删去了这段。和主题句对应。因此答案应该是E。

有字数限制

泰然是描写什么的词语

身心泰然；不放在心上、处之泰然、泰然自若;self

composed

sessedly]

安然：镇定

反义词。

安然。形容心情安定[calm;不以为意

近义词;composed安定

镇定自若的意思是什么？？？

镇定自若

拼音 zhèndìng-zìruò

英文 [remain calm] 指面对灾难时冷静的表现

解释 表面上都镇定自若,像往常一样精神饱满

自制,镇定自若

possession

镇定自若的

self-composed

№1在情况紧急时不慌不乱，当作没什么事情似的。

№2镇静；不迫：不急促。不慌不忙，沉着镇静。

“镇定自若”在汉英词典中的解释(来源:百度词典)：

1.to be perfectly calm and collected; to be in possession of oneself; to preserve one's composure

2.with (great) presence of mind

近义词 从容不迫 处之泰然 视若等闲

反义词 惊慌失措 手足无措

用法 作谓语、定语、状语；指人很镇定

operation 和company的区别？

不是operation 而是corporation

此两词均可作“公司”解。通说认为“company”乃英国英语，而美国英语则以“corporation“公司”。如1979年香港Michael Stevenson Ltd.出版、早年曾任复旦大学教授的洪士豪法学博士编、前东吴法学院第一任华人院长法理学博士吴经熊为之序的、似乎是相当可靠的A New English—Chinese Law Dictionary中就有这样一条：

“Company公司指依公司法所规定之程序所组织之以营利为目的之社团。 美国称corporation”。

此说自不得谓毫无根据。但根据此说，又如何理解引自美国人写、在美国出版、讲美国法律的专著的下列句子呢?—— Your federal trademark application must be made to the Commissioner of Patents in Washington, D.C.. It should include your name, home address, citizenship and the location of your company (or those of a corporation if you have formed one to sell your product)． ——You and the Law, the Reader’s Digest Association. Inc. 1980, p. 193

上列句中圆括弧内的“corporation'’与圆括弧外的“company”显然是不同的概念、具有不同的含义(而决非都指“公司”这一概念)。试想一位因任务紧迫而信笔译来的译者已逐词把“company"译做“公司”于先，则随后读到圆括弧里的“corporation'’又如何译法才好呢?

其实，句子的“company”并非“公司”，“商行”是也。有书为证：

Company, a flexible term. (1) A corporation. (2) An unincorporated association organized for commercial purposes.

——Cochran's Law Lexicon. 1977, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 72—95860

最后，必须指出：即使是美国英语，“corporation"也未 “公司”而已。此词还可以有一个较“公司”更广的内涵——“法人”。请看：

Corporation, an artificial person[法人]composed of individuals. It usually has a corporate name and perpetual duration. Sometimes its duration is a fixed term of years. It substitutes for the individuals who compose it.

附带提一句：就上列有关词义而论，不妨说“company”与“corporation"是一对反义词——你说是吗?是的，你会说，因为"company"是unincorporated的，而“corporation”则是incorporated的。再说，如果要把“公司法”译成英语，得根据情况分别译作"corporate law"（以美国英语读者为对象）或"company law"（以英国英语读者为对象）。但美国英语中，“公司法”偶尔也有作"corporation law"的：

The usual term in the U.S. for the law of corporations is corporate law. The equivalent in G.B. is company law. Corporation law is a variant phrase occasionally used.