美国积极抗辩

积极抗辩，即affirmative defense，可用于民事或刑事诉讼中，刑事诉讼法上，基于证明责任的分配原则，被告人对**方指控罪名的要素所作的有效抗辩，一般仍由**方完成举证，但是，如果被告人提出的是积极抗辩，那么，就抗辩理由的举证责任，仍被告人承担。所以，在刑事诉讼中，积极抗辩的意义，在于举证责任的分配。

affirmative-defense，是什么意思

affirmative-defense

积极抗辩；肯定性抗辩；抗辩主张

例句筛选

1.

An affirmative defense is an excuse or the assertion of some extenuatingcircumstances.

肯定的国防是借口，还是有一些情有可原的说法。

2.

Furthermore, fair use is an affirmative defense, meaning that you would haveto prove that your use was fair after you have been sued.

更近一步说，合理使用是一种积极抗辩，这意味着被**后，你需要证明你的使用是合理的。

法律英语每日一词5-Defense

释义及词组节选

1）  A defendant's stated reason why the plaintiff or prosecutor has no valid case;esp., a defendant's answer, denial, or plea her defense was that she was 25 miles from the building at the time of the robbery.  答辩理由·

指民事诉讼中被告对原告**状中的主张和请求，或者刑事诉讼中被告人对控诉方的指控所做的否认、反驳，以及支持被告人反驳主张的理由、证据等。

affirmative defense   肯定性答辩     =plea in avoidance; plea in justification  Cf. negative defense

capacity defense   能力欠缺抗辩

defense of habitation  居住防卫权    =defense of premises

dilatory defense   延诉抗辩

equitable defense  衡平法上的抗辩

exculpatory defense   无罪辩护

issuable defense   涉及实质性问题的答辩

peremptory defense  绝对答辩

public-authority defense  公共权力的抗辩     = entrapment-by-estoppel defense

2)   A defendant's method and strategy in opposing the plaintiff or the prosecution; a doctrine giving rise to such a method or strategy the lawyer advised her client to adopt a passive defense and to avoid taking the witness stand.

3)  One or more defendants in trial, as well as their counsel the defense rests.

4)  Commercial law. A basis for avoiding liability on a negotiable instrument the drawer asserted a real defense against the holder in due course.

personal defense  属人抗辩     =limited defense

5) measures taken by a country or individual to protect against an attack.

6)  A country's military establishment.