英汉互译策略中combination(合并)的具体定义

combination 是一种适用于汉译英的翻译方法，指把两个或两个以上的汉语短句翻译为一个英语的并列句或复合句。

什么是翻译策略？翻译策略包含哪些方面内容？

翻译策略，翻译方法和翻译技巧如下：

翻译策略：

1、异化。

2、归化。

翻译方法：

1、零翻译（Zero Translation）；音译 (Transliteration) ；逐词翻译 (Word-for-word translation) ；直译 (Literal Translation)。

2、意译 (Liberal/Free Translation) ；仿译 (Imitation) ；改译 (Variation Translation)；创译 (Recreation)。

翻译技巧：

增译 （Addition）、减译 （Omission）、分译 （Division）、合译 （Combination）、转换 （Shift）

翻译策略，翻译方法和翻译技巧三者区别：

翻译策略是宏观的操作，翻译技巧是微观的操作。打个比方，你要去美国，策略就是路线问题，是往南太平洋走还是往北太平洋走的问题。因此，翻译策略包括归化与异化（跨文化交际视角）、直译与意译（原文的语言形式保留与否）、工具性翻译与文献性翻译等等。

但是，不管往南走往北走，目的地是一样的，就是要让目的语读者看得懂而且看得明白，就是要去美国。所以，策略无所谓好坏，只是每个人根据不同的目的而进行的选择。

技巧是实现策略的具体操作，比如你选定了往北太平洋走，而且是开轮船，那么你要懂怎么开吧，怎么驾驶，怎么操作轮机吧，这就是技巧（比如换序、词性转换、省略、增补）。至于方法，本身就是个笼统的概论，可广义可狭义，广义的方法就是策略，狭义的方法就是技巧。

英译汉翻译技巧

英译汉翻译15种技巧

1. amplification

amplification for the purpose of rhetoric or coherence（修辞性或连贯性增

I came to a garden of grottoes, pavilions and shapely rocks and trees.

我来到一个假山花园前，园中亭阁玲珑，山石嶙峋，树木葱茏。

Amplification by repetition (重复性增词)

Avoid using this computer in extreme cold, heat, dust or humidity.

不要在过冷，过热，灰尘过重，湿度过大的情况下使用此电脑。

2. omission

omitting the pronoun

pronouns are more frequently used in English than in Chinese. Therefore , when translated into Chinese, many English pronouns may be omitted so as to conform the rendering to the accustomed usage of Chinese expression.

For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its rooms, its electric wiring, its bath and its garden.

两周以来，他一直注意观察房子的情况，查看各个房间，留心电线的走向，通道和花园的布局。

Omitting the article

Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas.

任何物质，不论是固体，液体还是气体， 都由原子组成。

3. division

Sometimes, an English sentence with a restrictive attributive clause is too long or too complicated for the translator to take as a single sentence. In this case, we may divide it into two or several parts, placing the attributive clause after the principle clause to conform to the Chinese usage, repeating the antecedent being modified.

Eg: They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which , in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives。

他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。

He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each.

他种出了200个大得惊人的西红柿，每个重达两磅。

4. combination( combination in restrictive attributive clauses)

Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.

污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。

The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.

在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。

5. extension

the extension of meaning may be either from the specific to the general or from the concrete to the abstract, and vice versa.

It is more than transient everydayness

.这远非一时的柴米油盐问题。(from the abstract to the concrete)

Americans love work, it is meat and drink to them

美国人热爱工作。对他们来说，工作就是乐趣。

6. substitution

the technique is used to replace the words of the original expression with Chinese synonyms or idioms according to different situations.

He was indeed a good riddance

他还是不在的好。

The same is not true with a mortal illness.