deviate词根「deva词根的意思」
谁能介绍一些最常用的英语词根?
ag,act 做,驱动 agent代理人 active活动的,积极的

agr 农田 agriculture农业 agrarian田地的
am 爱,亲爱 amicable友善的 amiable和蔼可亲的
anim 心灵,精神,生命 animal动物 animate有生命的
ann,enn 年 annual一年的 centennial一世纪的
astro 星 astronomy天文学 astronaut宇宙航行员
audi 听 audience听众 audible听得见的
bell 战争 rebellion反叛,反抗 bellicose好战的
bio 生命,生物 biology生物学 antibiotic抗生的,抗生素
brev 短 brevity 简短 abbreviate缩短,节略
cede 走 precedent先行的,在前的 precede先行
cent 百 centimeter厘米 centigrade百分度的
center,centr 中心 concentrate集中 centrifugal离心力的
cide,cis 杀,切 ********* bactericide杀菌剂
claim,clam 叫喊 exclaim惊叫 proclaim宣布,宣告
clar 清楚,明白 declare表明,声明 clarify讲清楚
clud,clos 关闭 close关闭 exclude排斥
cogn 知道 recognize承认 cognitive认识的
cord 心 cordial衷心的 core核心
co** 宇宙,世界 o**ic宇宙的 co**os宇宙
cred 相信 credibility可信 credit信任
cur,cours 跑 ccurrence出现,发生 current流通的
cycl 圆,环 bicycle自行车 cyclone旋风
di 日 diary日记 diarist记日记者
dict 说 predict预言 indicate表示
duc,duct 引导 conduct指导 induce引诱
ed 吃 edible可吃的 edacity贪吃
fact 做,制 factory工厂 manufacture制造,加工
fer 带,拿 transfer转移 ferry渡船
flu 流 fluent流利的 influenza流行性感冒
form 形式,外形 transform改变 formula公式
fract,frag破,折 fraction碎片 fragile易碎的
fus 倾,注,溶化 fusion熔解 effuse泻出
gen 起源 generate使产生 genetic遗传的
geo 地球,土地 geography地理 geology地质学
grad 步,走,级 gradual逐步的 graduate毕业
gram 写,记录 diagram图表 program节目单,方案
graph 写,画,记录 photograph照像 autograph亲笔,手稿
gress 行走 progress进步 retrogress后退
hap 机会,运气,偶发 happen发生 mishap灾祸
hospit 客人 hospital医院 hospitable好客的,殷勤的
insul 岛 peninsula半岛 insulation隔绝,孤立
hydra 水 hydraulic水利的 hydrant消防栓
ject 投,掷,抛 eject射出 project投射
junct 连接,结合 conjunction连接词 adjunct附属物
lect,leg,lig 挑选,采集 lect 选举 selection选举 eligible合格的,合适的
lev 举,升 elevator电梯 lever杠杆
liber 自由 liberate解放 liberalist自由主义的
lingu 语言 linguist语言学家 bilingual两种语言的
liter 文字,字母 literate识字的 literature文学
loc 地方 local当地的 locate使座落于
log 词,语言,讲演 dialogue对话 logic逻辑
loqu 说话 eloquent雄辩的 colloquial口语的,会话的
manu 手 manuscript手稿 manual手的,用手的
medi 中间 medium中等的 mediation居中调解
memor 记忆,记住的 memory记忆 memorial纪念日,纪念物
milit 兵 military军事的 militant战斗性的
min 少,小 inority少数 diminish减少,减小
mob,mot,mov 移动 mobile活动的 motion运动 immovable不可移动的
mort 死亡 mortal终有一死的 mortician承办殡葬的人
nov 新 novel小说 novelty新奇
numer 数 numeral数字的 numerous为数众多的
oper 工作 operate操作 co�operate合作
opt 视线,光线 optic视力的 optics光学
path 感情,苦楚,疾病 sympathy同情 pathetic可怜的
pel 推,逐,驱 expel驱逐 repel击退,反击,抵抗
pend,pen 悬挂 depend依靠 pendent悬空的
phon 声音 microphone扩音器 telephone**
plen 满,全 plenty充足,大量 plentitude丰富,充足
pon,pos 放置 postpone推迟 position位置
popul 人民 population人口 popular人民的,大众的
port 搬运,带 portable可携带的 porter搬运工人
prim 第一,首要 primary最初的 primitive原始的
psych 精神 psychology心理学 psychic精神的
pur 清,纯,净 purify使纯净 depurate使净化
rect 正,直 erect直立的 correct改正
rid,ris 笑 ridicule嘲笑 derision笑柄,嘲笑
rupt 破 rupture破裂,裂开 interrupt中断
scend,scens,scent 爬 ascend上,升 descent下降
sci 知道 science科学 conscious有知觉的
sens,sent 感觉 sensation感觉 sentiment感情
sol 太阳 solar太阳的 parasol阳伞
spec 看 spectacle光景,景象 prospect展望
spir 呼吸,生命 conspire共谋 inspire吸气,鼓舞
tact,tang,tag 接触 intact未接触的 tangible可接触的
tail 切,割 tailor裁缝 retail零售
tain,ten,tin 保持,握,容纳 contain容纳 obtain取得,sustain支持
tect 掩,盖 detect侦察 发觉,detective侦探的
tele 远 telescope望远镜 telegram电报
tend,tens,tent 伸 extend伸开,扩展 extensive广阔的
text 编织 textile纺织的 texture组织,结构
therm 热 thermal热的 thermometer温度计
tor,tort 扭,扭转 orsion扭转 distortion歪曲
tract 拖,拉,吸引 attract吸引 attractive有吸引力的
un,uni 一 unite统一,联合 union联合,工会
ut 用 utility有用 utilize利用
vac,van 空,空虚 vacation假期 vanity空虚,虚荣
vari 变化 various各样的 variant变异的,不同的
ven 来 intervene干预,介入 prevent防止
vert,vers 转 adverse相反的 convert转换
vid,vis 看见 evident明显的 visible可见的
vit,viv 生活,生存 vital生命的 survival幸存
volv 滚动 revolve旋转 involve卷入
wis,wit 知道 wisdom智慧 witty机敏的
英语中的,名词、动词、形容词…要怎样去分辨呢?
和中文一样 翻译成中文对应的词是什么就是什么词如 DOG 翻译成中文是狗 那就是名词再如 SMALL翻译成中文是小 那就是形容词此外可以看后缀分辨 英语常见后缀及其意义
一、名词性后缀
1.-age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为,状态和全体总称
percentage百分数,百分率,
voltage电压,伏特数,shortage不足,缺少。
2.-ence、-ance,表示性质和动作
-ency、-ancy、-cy抽象名词后缀,多用于以“t”结尾的形容词后
difference不同,interference干扰,干预,influence影响,感化,occurrence发出,出现,
violence激烈,暴力,existence存在,significance意义,意味。tendency趋势,趋向,frequency频率,pregnancy妊娠,
emergency紧急,急救,fluency流利,流畅,sufficiency足够,充足,constancy坚定,经久不变。
3.表示…人、…者
1) 加“-er ”可表示“人”,这类词多数情况下表示的人物社会地位较低,或从历史上看较低,多指动作的发出者或执行者。
driver司机,teacher教师,runner跑步者/信使,skier滑雪者,swimmer游泳者,observer观测者/观察员,
murderer杀人犯passenger旅客, traveller旅游者,learner学习者/初学者, lover爱好者,worker工人, researcher研究员,
wrestler摔交者等
2)加“-or ”可表示“人”,这类词多数情况下表示的人物社会地位较高,或从历史上看较高。
例:doctor博士或医生, tutor(大学)指导教师/ 助教/ 监护人,
director主任, collector收藏家, instructor教员/指导者
3)加“-ist ”/ “-(i)an”可表示“人”,这类词多数情况下表示事业有成就或较为特殊的人,
例:physician医师,内科医师,
technician技术员artist艺术家, scientist科学家, physicist 物理学家, journalist新闻记者, dentist 牙医, instrumentalist乐器演奏家/ 乐器家, meteorologist气象学家, historian 历史学家 , technician技术员, 技师,也有个别例外,cyclist骑脚踏车的人, motorcyclist乘机车者“-an”还可用在国家名称后表示属于该国的人Canadian,Korean,Indian
从性别上来看: 通常加“-er / -or ” 多为“男性”,加“-ess”多为女性
waiter男招待, waitress女服务员,steward(轮船, 飞机等)乘务员, 干事 stewardess (轮船, 飞机等)女乘务员
actor 男演员 actress女演员instructor男教员,男指导
instructress女教师, 女指导
4)从主动、被动上来看,加“-er /- or/-eer(表示“从事于……的人”)”为主动,加“-ee ”为被动
examiner 主考人、监考员
examinee 参加考试者、受试人(被监考者)
employer 雇主(雇佣别人)
employee雇员(被雇佣)
interviewer会见者 interviewee.被接见者, 被访问者
5)、有时会直接用表示人的词构词,象-boy , -girl, -man,
-woman,
cowboy牛仔, playboy****, salesgirl女店员,salesperson推销员, workman工人, postman邮递员,workwomen劳动妇女
4.-ics 表示…科学
psdiatrics儿科学,
psychiatrics精神病学,
obstetrics产科学,orthopdics矫形科学,auristrics耳科学,gnathostomatics口腔生理学,
5.-ication/-ion由动词变化而来的抽象名词常表示状态。
division分割,分开,vision视力,视觉,distortion扭曲,变形。,simplification 简化,
classification分类,分级,
communication交流,交往。
6.-ing由动词变化而来的动名词
nursing护理,typing分型,分类,mapping绘制…图,bleeding出血,vomiting呕吐,softening变软,functioning使器官活动,使器官有功能,positioning 把…放在适当的位置,
7.-i**表示制度,主义及现象等的抽象名词
mechani**机理,机制,
8.-ization由动词构成的抽象名词常译为 “…化”
organization组织,机构,机化,hospitalization住院,normalization正常化
9.-logy表示学科
morphology形态学,histology组织学,neurology神经学,embryology胚胎学,radiology放射学,生态学。
10.-ment表示动作,行为或具体事物
measurement 测量,量度,
segment节段,fragment片段,断片,碎片,replacement替代,置换,increment增长,增殖,
development发育,显影,
movement动作,活动,
11.-ness加在形容词后构成抽象名词
tenderness触痛,hardness坚硬,thickness厚度,effectiveness有效,usefulness有用的,coldness寒冷,dampness潮湿,
darkness 黑暗
12.-ry表示**名词
laboratory实验室,chemistry化学。
13.-ship,-dom表示状态,地位,身份,
relationship关系,联系,interrelationship 相互关系,相互联系,freedom 自由。
14.-th由形容词构成名词
length长度,width宽度,depth深度,truth真理。
15.-ty表示性质
rigidity强直,僵硬,
responsibility责任,责任心,
capacity容量,智能,能力,
mortality死亡率, safety 安全性,
conductivity传导性, unity整体,统一性,obesity肥胖,
similarity类似,相似。
16.-ure表示行为结果
failure衰竭,pressure 压力,
curvature弯曲, puncture穿刺,二、形容词性后缀
1,-able表示可能的,可以的
excitable易兴备的,acceptable易接受的,movable可移动的,alterable可改变的,可改动的,available可用的,可得到的,
2,-al(n.+a)表示有…的属性
regional 局部的natural自然的,special特别的,特殊的,spinal脊髓的,central 中央的, terminal末端的,typical典型的,digital手指的,数字的,
capital首要的,重要的,vocal有声的,声带的,
3,-ant/-ent表示"具有……性质的"或"关于……的"。
significant有意义的,persistant持久的,坚持的(从动词persist来的),resistant抵抗的,反抗的(自动词resist派生),important重要的,infant婴儿的,constant坚定的,持久的,
4.-ary/-ory表示…性质的,属于…的。
ordinary平常的,通常的,
anniversary周年的,voluntary自愿的,随意的,sensory感觉的,accessory附属的、附加的,。
5,-ed 用于名词加ed,转化为形容词,或动词过去分词作形容词。
coded加密码的(名词code 加ed),colored加颜色的, curved使…弯曲的,limited有限的,lubricated滑润的,使滑润的,
surrounded围住的,被围绕的。
6.-ful由名词构成形容词表示
“富有……的","充满……的","具有……性质的",
useful有用的,successful成功的,plentiful丰富的,helpful有帮助的。
7,-ic,ical加在外来词根的名词上,构成形容词
specific特异的,magnetic磁性的,aerobic需氧的,pubic耻骨的, therapeutic治疗的,dramatic戏剧性的, dynamic动力的, 8,-ish
1). 加在国家名称后面,表示该国的或者该国的人。
Swedish(瑞典的),Irish(爱尔兰的),Danish(丹麦的)
(2). 加在普通名词后面,表示“具有……性质”,或者含有轻
蔑的意思。
Childish(幼稚的),womanish(女人气的),foolish (愚昧的),
selfish(自私的)。
(3). 加在表示颜色的形容词后面,表示“略带……颜色的”。
Greenish(微绿的), reddish带红色的,微红的,yellowish带黄色的,微黄的。
9,-ive由动词构成形容词
sensitive灵敏的,congestive充血性的,imaginative想象、富有想象力的,imitative摹仿的, repetitive重复的,
10,-less表示没有…的
useless无用的,lifeless无生命的,hopeless绝望的、医治不好的,fruitless无效的、无益的。
11,-ous表示具有…的、有…特性的。
dangerous有危险的,continuous在连续性的、连续的,serious严重的,various各种的,vigorous强有力的, generous大量的,丰盛的,tremendous可怕的,惊人的,previous以前的,
三、动词性后缀
1,-ate多用于外来词构成动词,表示 “使,造成”
deviate背离、偏离,
accelerate加速, operate操作,手术,vibrate振动、颤动,
migrate移动, anticipate预期、期望,
2,-en形容词构成动词,表示变、加、使…
weaken变弱、变衰弱,soften使…软化,thicken使…变厚,
strengthen加强,shorten使…变短,wooden木制的,deepen加深、深化,harden使…变硬,lengthen使…延长,loosen放松、解开,quicken加快、**,roughen变粗糙,lighten减轻,sharpen变尖锐。
3,-ize加在形容词或名词上,表示“使…化”neutralize中和,standardize标准化,mineralize矿物质化, sensitize致敏,
4.-ify使……化;使成为……
glorify 颂扬,classify 分类
四、副词性后缀
1,-ly由形容构成的副词,最为常用,表示……地
widely广泛地,exclusively专用地、唯一地,scarcely仅仅、刚刚,immediately立即。
2,-ward(s)加在前置词上,构成副词,表示方向
backward(s)向后,upward(s)向上
动词后缀一般有哪些?
如下:
1,-ate多用于外来词构成动词 deviate背离、偏离,decelerate减速,accelerate加速,degenerate变性,operate操作,手术,defibrillate除颤,vibrate振动、颤动,migrate移动,angulate成角,anticipate预期、期望,abbreviate缩写,antecede在……之前。
2,-en形容词构成动词,表示变、加、使…… weaken变弱、变衰弱,soften使……软化,thicken使„变厚,strenghten加强,shorten使„变短,wooden木制的,deepen加深、深化,harden使„变硬,lengthen使……延长,loosen放松、解开,quicken加快、**,roughen变粗糙,lighten减轻,sharpen变尖锐。
3,-ize加在形容词或名词上,表示……化
neutralize中和,standardize标准化,mineralize矿物质化,repolarize复极化,depolarize去极化,sensitize致敏,metastasize转移。
前缀,就是加在词根前面的那一部分,比如forehead这个单词中,head是词根,fore是前缀,head的意思是“头”,fore的意思是'以前的,在前部的',所以forehead的意思就是“前额”,所以前缀改变词义,但不改变词性;又比如,在introduction这个单词中。
introduce是词根,tion是后缀,introduce的意思是“介绍”,词性为动词,tion是名词后缀,无词义,introduction的意思还是“介绍”,但词性是名词,所以后缀改变词性,但不改变词义。
后缀在英语词汇中的作用
一、名词性后缀
1、-age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为,状态和全体总称,percentage百分数,百分率,voltage电压,伏特数,lavage灌洗,洗胃,gavage强饲法,curettage刮除法,shortage不足,缺少。
2、-cy表示抽象名词,accuracy准确,精确度,infancy婴儿期。
3、-ence、-ance表示性质和动作,difference不同, interference干扰,干预,influence影响,感化,occurrence发出,出现,violence激烈,暴力,existence 存在,significance意义,意味。
4、-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀,deficiency不足,不全,tendency趋势,趋向,frequency频率,pregnancy妊娠,emergency紧急,急救,fluency流利,流畅, sufficiency足够,充足,constancy坚定,经久不变。
5、-er表示……人、……者,diameter直径,receiver接收者,接受者,carrier携带者,beginner初学者,创始人,reader读者,shutter 快门,goiter甲状腺肿。
6、-ics 表示……科学,paediatrics儿科学,psychiatrics精神病学,obstetrics产科学,orthopedics矫形科学,Otology耳科学。
7、-ian表示人称名词,physician医师,内科医师,technician技术员,obstetrician产科医师。
8、-ication由动词变化而来的抽象名词,常译为……化,simplification简化,calcification钙化,classification分类,分级,communication交流,交往。
9、-ing由动词变化而来的动名词,nursing护理,typing分型,分类,mapping绘制……图,bleeding出血,vomiting呕吐,softening变软,functioning使器官活动,使器官有功能,positioning把……放在适当的位置,matching和……相配,imaging成像。
10、-ion由动词构成的名词,occasion偶然原因,近因,时机,division分割,分开,vision视力,视觉,distortion扭曲,变形。
11、-i**表示制度,主义及现象等的抽象名词,mechani**机理,机制,auti**孤独性。
12、-ist表示人称名词,specialist专家,internist内科医生,paediatrist儿科学家,biologist生物学家,economist经济学家,chemist化学家。
13、-ization由动词构成的抽象名词,rec****ization再管化,再通化,immunization免疫法,预防接种,organization组织,机构,机化,hospitalization住院,normalization正常化,ketonization酮基化作用。
14、-logy表示学科,morphology形态学, histology组织学,neurology神经学,embryology胚胎学,radiology放射学,proctology直肠学。
15、-ment表示动作,行为或具体事物,measurement测量,量度,experiment实验,instrument仪器,器械,integument体被,皮肤,segment节段,fragment片段,断片,碎片,replacement替代,置换,increment增长,增殖,development发育,显影,movement动作,活动,ligament韧带,equipment器材,装置,设备,improvement改善。
16、-ness加在形容词后构成抽象名词,tenderness触痛, hardness坚硬,thickness厚度,effectiveness有效,usefulness有用的,coldness寒冷,dampness 潮湿,darkness黑暗,shallowness浅,brightness明亮。
17、-or表示……人,……物,inhibitor抑制物,doctor医生,monitor监视器,donor给血者,供体,director主任,factor因素。
18、-ry表示**名词,laboratory实验室,chemistry化学。
19、-ship表示状态,relationship关系,联系,interrelationship相互关系,相互联系。
20、-th由形容词构成名词,length长度,width宽度,depth深度,truth真理。
21、-ty表示性质,rigidity强直,僵硬,speciality特征,专业,responsibility责任,责任心,capacity容量,智能,能力,mortality死亡率,morbidity发病率,safety安全性,conductivity传导性,permeability渗透性,property性质,plenty 丰富,unity整体,统一性,obesity肥胖,similarity类似,相似。
22、-ure表示行为结果,failure衰竭,pressure压力,curvature弯曲,fissure裂隙,裂,puncture穿刺,rupture破裂,structure结构,seizure发作,nomenclature名称,术语。
二、形容词性后缀
1、-able表示可能的,可以的,excitable易兴奋的,acceptable易接受的,movable可移动的,alterable可改变的,可改动的,available可用的,可得到的,uncomfortable不舒的。
2、-al表示有……的属性,regional 局部的natural自然的,special特别的,特殊的,spinal脊髓的,central中央的,vertebral脊柱的,cervical颈的,mural壁的,terminal末端的,typical典型的,digital手指的,数字的,temporal暂时的,短暂的,capital首要的,重要的,vocal有声的,声带的,several几个。
3、-ant有些是从动词派生来的,significant在意义的,persistent持久的,坚持的(从动词persist来的),resistant抵抗的,反抗的(自动词resist派生),important重要的,infant婴儿的,constant坚定的,持久的,permanent永久的。
4、-ar表示……特征的,……形状的,regular规则的,muscular肌肉的,circular环形的,圆的,annular环的。
5、-ary表示与……有关的,ordinary平常的,通常的,anniversary周年的,voluntary自愿的,随意的。
6、-ed用于名词加ed,转化为形容词,或动词过去分词作形容词,Coded 加密码的(名词code加ed),colored加颜色的,deposited被沉淀的(由动词deposit加ed),curved使……弯曲的, limited有限的,lubricated滑润的,使滑润的,surrounded围住的,被围绕的。
7、-ent与-ant同类,consistent坚定的, different不同的,sufficient足够的,convenient便利的,方便的,evident明显的,fluent流利的,流畅的, efficient有效的,frequent常常的,频繁的。
8、-ful由名词构成形容词,useful有用的,successful成功的,plentiful丰富的,helpful有帮助的。
9、-ible与-able相同,Visible可见的,irreversible不可逆的,impossible不可能的,inaudible听不见的。
10、-ic加在外来词根的名词上,构成形容词,specific特异的, magnetic磁性的,aerobic需氧的,pubic耻骨的,oxytocic催产的、催产剂,therapeutic治疗的,dramatic戏剧性的,icteric黄疸的,dynamic动力的,hemolytic溶血的。
11、-ish加在颜色的形容词上,表示略带……色,reddish带红色的,微红的,yellowish带黄色的,微黄的。
12、-ive由动词构成形容词,relative有关的,相关的(由动词 relate派生的),sensitive灵敏的,congestive充血性的,imaginative想象、富有想象力的,imitative摹仿的, repetitive重复的,reproductive生殖的,contractive收缩的,conservative保守的,circulative 循环的,effective有效的,invasive侵入性的。
13、-less表示没有……的,useless无用的,lifeless无生命的,hopeless绝望的、医治不好的,fruitless无效的、无益的。
14、-ory表示……性质的,属于……的,sensory感觉的,accessory附属的、附加的,circulatory循环的,urinary泌尿的,尿的。
15、-ous表示具有……的、有……特性的,dangerous有危险的, continuous在连续性的、连续的,serious严重的,various各种的,vigorous强有力的,aqueous水的, generous大量的,丰盛的,tremendous可怕的,惊人的,previous以前的,pervious能通过的、能穿过的。
三、动词性后缀
1、-ate多用于外来词构成动词,deviate背离、偏离, decelerate减速,accelerate加速,degenerate变性,operate操作,手术,defibrillate除颤, vibrate振动、颤动,migrate移动,angulate成角,anticipate预期、期望,abbreviate缩写,antecede 在……之前。
2、-en形容词构成动词,表示变、加、使……,weaken变弱、变衰弱,soften使……软化,thicken使……变厚,strengthen加强,shorten使……变短,wooden木制的,deepen加深、深化,harden使……变硬,lengthen使……延长,loosen放松、解开,quicken加快、**,roughen变粗糙,lighten 减轻,sharpen变尖锐。
3、-ize加在形容词或名词上,表示……化,neutralize中和,standardize标准化,mineralize矿物质化,repolarize复极化,depolarize去极化,sensitize致敏,metastasize转移。
四、副词性后缀
1、-ly由形容构成的副词,最为常用,表示……地,simultaneously同时地,concurrently同时地,widely广泛地,exclusively专用地、唯一地,scarcely仅仅、刚刚,immediately立即。
2、-ward(s)加在前置词上,构成副词,表示方向,backward(s)向后,upward(s)向上。
关于英语词缀
英语常见词根词缀表
使用说明:下表中黑体字部分为词根和前后缀及其变体;两斜杠之间的斜体字为词根词缀的
含义;其后是例词。变体和原体的含义相同,只是由于元音或辅音的发音关系,
原体发生了变化,产生了变体而已。
例如:在“a-, an- / without, lacking, not / asymmetric, apolitical, anemia”例条中,
a- 和 an- 为前缀,其中 an- 为 a- 的变体;/ without, lacking, not / 为该前缀的含
义;而asymmetric, apolitical和anemia为例词。
前缀:
a-, an- / without, lacking, not / asymmetric, apolitical, asexual, anemia, anarchy
ab-, a-, abs- / from, away from / abduct, abjure, abdication, avert, abstain
ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at- / to, forward / admit, adjure, accord, affliction,
aggregation, annexation, apparition, arraignment, assumption, attendance
ambi- / both / ambidextrous, ambivalent
amphi- / round, about / amphitheater, amphigens
an-, ana- / up; up through, back / anatomy, ****ysis, anachroni**
ante-, anti- / before / antecedent, antebellum, anticipate
anti- / counter, against / antibiotic, antibody, antisocial, antifascist
apo- / away, from / apostasy, apostle
ar-, arch- /chief, principal / archangel, archenemy, architect
be- / to make, to take from / belittle, befriend, betake, bespeak
belli- / war / belligerent, rebellious, bellicose
ben-, bon- / good, well / benefit, benediction, benign, bonus
bi- / two / bicycle, bilateral, bisect, bipolar, bivalence
biblio- / book / bibliography, bibliophile, Bible
by- / aside or apart from the common, secondary / by-product, bypass, byname
cat- / downwards, under, against / catacomb, catechise, catastrophe
circu-, circum- / around / circumnavigation, circumlocution, circumspection, circuit
com-, con-, col-, cor-, co- / together, with / combine, compassion, contract, concentric,
collaborate, correspond, cooperation
contra- / against / contradiction, contraband, contrast
de- / down from, away / decapitate, dehydrate, dehumanize, degrade
demi- / a half or a part of / demi-god, demilune, demiwolf
di-, dia- / through, across / diode, diameter, dialog, dialectics
dif-, dis- / not, the opposite, apart / different, diffuse, disagree, divert, dispel
dys- / badly, with difficulty, hard / dyscrasia, dyslexia, dyspepsia
e- / out / emigrant, egress, emit, elope, ejaculate, eject
ec-, ef-, ex- / an outcome of / effect, effulgence, ecstasy, eccentric, expire
em-, en- / to make / employ, embrace, enable, enrich
em-, en- / in, on, into / encage, enclose, embalm, emphasis, energy
epi- / on, outer, over / epidermis, epicenter, epitaph
equi- / equal / equilateral, equilibrium, equivalent
ex-, exo-, extra- / from, out of, without / export, exodus, exotic, ex-officio, extraordinary
eu- / beautiful, good / eulogize, eugenics, euphemi**
for- / not, against, away / forget, forbid, forgo, forfend
fore- / before, in front of / forehead, foretell, forefather
hemi- / a half / hemisphere, hemistich, hemicrania
hetero- / denoting dissimilarity / heterogeneous, heterodox, heterarchy
homo- / denoting similarity / homogeneous, homonym, homosexual
hydro- / water / hydraulics, hydrometer, hydropathy
hyper- / over, beyond, excessive / hypertension, hypercritical, hypersensitive
hypo- / under, beneath, down / hypothesis, hypothermia, hypocrisy
im-, in-, il-, ir- / in, into, on / imbibe, import, income, input, illustration, irrigation
im-, in-, il-, ir- / not / impossible, immature, inconsiderate, ineffectual, illegal, irresponsible
infra- / under, beneath / infrared, infra-structure, infra-costal
inter- / between / international, interpersonal, interaction, Internet
intra-, intro- / within / intramural, intravenous, Intranet, introduction, introspection
iso- / equality or similarity / isocheimal, isochomatic
kilo- /a thousand/ kilogram, kilowatt, kilometer
magna- /big, great/ magnanimous, magnitude, magnum
macro- / big / macrocomputer, macrocontrol, macroeconomy
mal- / bad, wrong / malnutrition, maltreatment, malapropi**
mega- / of great size / megaphone, megaton, megalopolis, megavolt
meta- / beyond, transcending / metaphor, metaphysics, meta-memory
micro- /**all / microcomputer, microcontrol, microeconomy
milli- /a thousand/ millennium, millimeter, millisecond
mis- / bad, wrong / mistake, misspelling, mispronounce, mislead
mono- / one, alone / monotony, monogamy, monochrome
multi- / many / multiple choice, multilateral, multimedia
neo- / new / neo-Confuciani**, neolithic, neology, neodoxy
neu- / non-partial / neutral, neutron
neuro- / nerve / neurology, neurotic, neurasthemia
non- / not, reversing the sense / nonalignment, non**oker, nonsense
ob-, oc-, of-, o-, op- / in the way of, against / object, obsolete, occasion, offend, omit, oppose
omni- / all / omnivorous, omnibus, omniscient
out- / beyond, exceeding / outbid, outbreak
over- / beyond, excessive / overwork, overawe, overcoat
paleo- / old, anscient / paleoanthropology, paleobiology, paleolithic
pan-, panta- / all, everything / pan-America, pantomime, pandemonium
para- / alike, comparison, unlike / paraphrase, paradox, parody
peri- / around / peripheral, periscope, perimeter
poly- / many / polytechnic, polymer, polyglot
post- / after / postgraduate, posthumous, postwar
pre- / before / prewar, prepare, preposition, preschool
pro-, por-, pur- / forward, forth / progress, proceed, portend, pursue
pseud- / false or spurious / pseudo-science, pseudo-membrane, pseudonym
re-, retro- / back, again / regression, review, retrospect, retrogressive
se- / aside, separating / secede, seduce, sedition, separate
semi- (hemi-) / half, partly / semiconductor, semifinal, semicircle, hemisphere
sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sus-, / under / submit, submarine, succeed, suffix, suggest, support
sustain, subsonic
super- / above, greater, better / supersonic, supermarket, superpower, superiority
syn-, sym- / with, together / sympathy, symmetry, synchronic, synonym
trans- / across / transport, transplant, translation, transcontinental
tri- / three / tricycle, triple, triangle
ultra- / beyond, excessive, extreme / ultrasonic, ultraviolet
un- / not / undecided, unimportant
under- / beneath, lower in rank or degree / underdog, underfeed, undercoat
uni- / one / unite, unification, uniform
up- / upwards / uproot, upcast, upstart
with- / opposition, privation / withdraw, withstand
后缀:
-able, -ible / adj. capable of, fit for / eatable, workable, considerable, sizable
-ac /adj. like, pertaining to / cardiac, maniac
-age, -ance, -ence, -ancy, -ency /n. signifying the state of being / coinage, acceptance,
existence, constancy, consistency
-ate / v. to make / activate, motivate, originate
-cle, -cule / adj. or n. **all, little / particle, sickle, animalcule, miniscule
-dom / n. signifying dominion, office / kingdom, officialdom
-er, -or, -eer / n. one who / worker, writer, professor, engineer
-fy / v. to make / beautify, purify, simplify
-ic, -ical / adj. relating to, having the nature of / historic, economic, biblical, mechanical
-ics /n. study / economics, physics, linguistics
-il, -ile /adj. having the property of / civil, juvenile, puerile, ductile
-i** / n. action or practice, theory or doctrine / mechani**, imperiali**, dogmati**
-ist / n. one who / physicist, communist, cyclist
-ity / n. condition, quality / activity, flexibility, identity, probability, feasibility
-ize / v. to make / modernize, revolutionize, popularize, realize
-logy / n. study, work / geology, psychology, metallurgy
-ment, -mony / n. the state of being / experiment, movement, harmony, hegemony
-ness / n. condition, quality, state of being / carelessness, sadness, illness
-oid / n. like, resembling / asteroid, mongoloid, anthropoid
-ous, -ious, -ose /adj. having the quality of / industrious, dangerous, bellicose
-ship / n. the state or quality of / sport**anship, partnership, friendship
-tion, -ation, -sion /n. condition, the act of / information, reflection, extroversion
-tude, -ty / n. signifying the property / attitude, altitude, radioactivity, tenacity
-ward(s) / signifying direction / eastward, homeward, upward
(常见的拉丁或希腊语词尾):
-us cactus, alumnus, impetus (original plural form: “i”, alumni)
-a alumna, vita, formula (original plural form: “i”, alumni, or “ae”, formulae)
-um datum, curriculum (original plural form: “a”, data, curricula)
-ia, -sis, -tis (medical terms) anoxia, anemia, dyslexia, tuberculosis, hepatitis, meningitis
词根:
-acr- / sharp / acrimonious, acerbity, acidulate
-act-, -ag- / to do / action, reaction, agent,
-aev- / age, era / primeval, coeval, medieval
-agog- / leader / demagogue, pedagogue
-agri-, -agrari- / field / agriculture, agrarian, peregrination
-ali- / another / alias, aliens, inalienable
-ann-, -en- / year / annual, anniversary, centennial, biennial
-anim- / spirit / unanimous, magnanimous, animation
-anthrop- / human / anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropist
-aqua- / water / aquatic sports, aquarium, aquanaut
-arch- / government, chief, leader / monarchy, anarchy, archbishop
-aster-, -astro-, -stellar- / star / asteroid, astronomy, constellation
-audi- / hear / auditor, auditorium, audio-visual lab
-auto- / self / autobiography, automation, automobile, auti**
-belli- / fight, war / bellicose, belligerent, rebellion
-bio- / life / biology, biography, biochemical, antibiotics
-bon-, -ben- / good / bonus, debonair, benefit, benign, benediction
-brev- / short / brief, abbreviate, brevity
-cad-, -cas- / to fall / cadence, decadent, accident
-cap-, -capt-, -cep- / to take / capture, precept, participate
-cap-, -capit- / head, chief / capital, captain, decapitation, per capita income
-carn- / flesh, body / carnivore, incarnation
-ced-, -cess- / go, move, yield / precede, recede, succeed, antecedent, secede, process
-cent- / one hundred / century, centennial, percentage, centigrade, centipede
-centr- / center / central, concentric, centrifugal, concentrate
-chrom- / color / monochrome, trichromatic chromosome
-chron- / time / chronology, anachroni**, synchronic, chronicle
-cid-, cis- / cut / incision, homicide, precision
-cit- / call / excite, incite, recite
-civi- / citizen / civil, civilian, civilization
-clam- / to cry out / clamorous, acclamation, exclaim
-claud-, -claus-, -clos-, -clud- / to close / claustrophobia, enclose, conclude
-cogno- / knowledge, knowing / cognition, recognition, incognito, acognostic
-comp- / to fill / complete, complement, comply
-cord- / heart / accord, cordial, discord
-corp- / body / corpse, corps, incorporation, corporeal
-cred- / to believe / credence, incredulous, incredible
-cur- / to care / curator, sinecure, to cure
-curr-, -curs- / course, to run / excursion, current, precursor, curriculum
-cycle- / cycle / bicycle, tricycle, recycle
-dat- / to give / data, mandate, date
-demo- / people / demography, democracy, demagogue, epidemic
-deb- / to owe / debt, indebtedness, debenture
-derm- / skin / epidermis, pachyderm, dermatology
-di-, -diurn- / daytime / diary, diurnal, journal
-dic- / say, speak / dictation, dictionary, dictator, contradiction
-doc- / to teach / docile, doctrine, document, doctor
-domin- / to rule / dominate, domain, indomitable
-duc- / lead / aqueduct, conductor, education, viaduct
-dynam- / power, strength / dynamite, dynamo, dynamics
-ego- / self / egocentric, egoti**
-erg- / to work / energy, ergatocracy, metallurgy
-err- / to wander, to deviate / error, erratic, errand
-fact-, -fect- / make, do / factory, manufacture, effect, affect
-fall-, -fals- / to deceive / fallacy, infallible, falsification
-fer- / to bring, to bear / ferry, transfer, coniferous, refer
-flect- / bend / inflexible, reflect
-gam- / marriage / monogamy, bigamy, polygamy
-gen- / produce, birth / gene, generator, eugenic, generation
-geo- / earth / geology, geothermal, geometric
-graph-, -gram- / writing / geography, biography, telegram, diagram
-greg- / group, together / gregarious, aggregate, egregious
-helio- / the sun / heliotrope, heliograph, helium
-homo- / of human / homicide, homunculus,
-hydr- / water, of hydrogen / hydraulic, dehydrate, hydrotherapy, hydrocarbon, hydroxide
-it-, -itiner- / journey, road / exit, itinerary, reiterate
-jac-, -jec- / to throw / ejaculate, project, reject
-jur- / to swear / jury, abjure, perjury, jurisdiction
-lab-, -labor- / to work / laboratory, collaborate, laborious
-leg- / law / legislature, legal, legitimate
-leg-, -lect- / to choose / election, select, legible, eligible
-lib- / book / library, libretto, libel
-locu-, -log-, -loq- / to talk / elocution, monologue, soliloquy, eloquent
-luc- / light / elucidate, lucid, translucent
-magn- / big, great / magnum, magnanimous, magnify
-man- / hand / manufacture, manuscript, manicure, emancipation
-mar-, -mer- / sea, ocean / submarine, mermaid, marinology
-mit-, -miss- / send / tran**it, emit, tran**ission, emission, permit, permission
-mon-, -monit- / to warn / admonish, premonition, monitor
-morph- / form, structure / morphology, morpheme, anthropomorphi**
-mort-, -mori- / death / mortal, mortuary, moribund
-nav- / ship / navy, navigation, naval
-onym-, -nom- / name / synonym, pseudonym, nomenclature, nomination, misnomer
-oper- / to work / operation, cooperate, opera
-pac- / peace / pacify, pacifist, Pacific Ocean
-pathy- / feeling / sympathy, antipathy, telepathy, empathy
-pel- / to drive / compel, dispel, repel, propel
-pet-, -petit- / to seek / petition, compete, appetite
-phil- / love / Anglophile, hydrophilic, philosophy, philanthropist
-phob- / hate, fear / claustrophobia, acrophobia, xenophobia
-phon- / sound / telephone, microphone, phonology
-pod-, -ped- / foot / tripod, pedestrian, centripetal
-pon-, -pos- / position / postpone, position, preposition, positive
-polis- / city / metropolis, Indianapolis
-port- / carry / porter, portable, transport, exportation
-pseudo- / false, sham / pseudonym, pseudo-science, pseudology, pseudomorph
-psych- / mind / psychology, psycho****ysis, psywar
-put-, -putat- / to trim, to calculate / amputate, compute, putative, reputation
-que-, -qui- / to ask / question, query, request, inquisitive, prerequisite
-rid-, -ris- / to laugh / ridiculous, risibility, derision
-rog- / to ask / interrogate, prerogative, derogatory
-rupt- / to break / rupture, interrupt, eruption, bankrupt
-sci- / knowledge / science, omniscient, consciousness
-scrib-, -script- / write / scribble, inscribe, description, prescription, manuscript, scripture
-sed-, -sess- / to sit / session, sedentary, president, residence
-sens-, -sent- / to think, to feel / sense, sensitive, sensation, resent, consent
-sequ-, -secut- / follow / sequence, consequence, consecutive
-sol-, -solut- / to loosen / solvent, solution, absolve, dissolute, absolute
-son- / sound / subsonic, consonant, resonant, ultrasonic
-spect- / look at / spectrum, inspection, circumspection, retrospection
-spir- / breathe / spirit, aspiration, respiration
-soph- / wise / philosophy, sophisticate, sophomore
-tang-, -tact- / to touch / tangent, tangible, contact, contingent
-tele- / far / television, telephone, telediagnosis, telex
-temp- / mood / temper, temperament, temptation, contemptuous
-tempor- / time / temporary, contemporary, extemporaneous, temporize
-ten-, -tent- / to hold / tenable, tenacity, content, tenure
-terr- / land, earth / territory, subterranean, extraterrestrial, Mediterranean, inter
-theo-, -the- / god / theology, athei**, theory, panthei**
-therm- / heat / thermos bottle, thermometer, geothermal energy
-urb- / city / urban, suburban, urbane
-urn- / day / diurnal, nocturnal, journal
-ven-, -vent- / come / intervene, prevention, convention
-ver- / true / verify, verily, verisimilar, veracious
-via- / way / viaduct, deviation, trivial
-vid-, -vis- / see / video, visualize, vision, vista
-vinc-, -van- / conquer / victory, invincible, vanquish, vanity
-voc-, -vok- / call / vocation, revoke, invoke, provoke
-volv-, -volut- / to roll, to turn / evolve, revolve, convolution