高中英语随堂笔记阅读

Lesson 19 English Social Differences 英国社会的差异

A gentleman is, rather than does. He is interested in nothing in a professional way. He is allowed to cultivate hobbies, even eccentricities, but must not practise a vocation. He must know how to ride and shoot and cast a fly. He should have relatives in the army and navy and at least one connection in the diplomatic service. But there are weaknesses in the English gentleman's ability to rule us today. He usually knows nothing of political economy and less about how foreign countries are governed. He does not respect learning and prefers 'sport '.The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its adequacy for its function, and here grave difficulties arise. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer, who must buy, not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell. He attends anadequately to technological development. Di**elieving in the necessity of large-scale production in the modern world, he is

passionately devoted to excessive secrecy, both in finance and method of production. He has an incurable and widespread nepoti** in appointment, discounting ability and relying upon a mystic entity called 'character,' which means, in a gentleman's mouth, the qualities he traditionally possesses himself. His lack of imagination and the narrowness of his social loyal ties have ranged against him one of the fundamental estates of the realm. He is incapable of that imaginative reali**

which admits that this is a new world to which he must adjust himself and his institutions, that every privilege he formely took as of right he can now attain only by offering proof that it is directly relevant to social welfare.

New words and expressions 生词短语

professional n. 职业的

hobby n. 业余爱好

cast a fly 垂钓

govern vt. 治理

grave a. 严重的

inadequately ad. 不充分地

devoted a. 热心的

incurable a. 不可救药的

discount vt. 看轻

entity n. 存在，本质

quality n. 品质

realm n. 王国

privilege n. 特权

cultivate vt. 培养

eccentricity n. 怪癖

diplomatic service 外交部门

adequacy n. 适当

sufficiently ad. 充分地

di**elieve vt. 不相信

excessive a. 过分的

neoti** n. 裙带关系

mystic a. 神秘的

narrowness n. 狭隘

estate n. 社会阶层

reali** n. 现实主义adjust vt. 使适应

relevant a. 有关的difference n. 差异

1.professional n. 职业的 通常略写为 prof [反]*******

[辨异]profession, occupation, job

profession “专业”，强调 highly skilled/highly educated, such as lawyer, doctor, IT engineer,

architect

occupation: normal and general, everybody can have an occupation.

job 不仅指工作，还可以表示干活，例如家务活。

You did a good job.

[注意]technical/vocational school 职业学校

2.cultivate vt. 培养 [同]nurture, develop, foster

cultivate a hobby/habit

He is well cultivated/educated/bred/trained. 他很有教养。

3.hobby n. 业余爱好

[辨异]mania, hobby, pastime, diversion

mania 颠狂，狂热，癖好 hobby n. 业余爱好

pastime 消遣diversion 消遣，指转移注意力，换换脑筋。

4.eccentricity n. 怪癖 [同]odd

eccentric 古怪的，怪癖的

concentric 同轴的，同心的

[辨异]eccentric, outlandish, grotesqueeccentric 古怪的，怪癖的

outlandish 异国风味的,奇异的,古怪的outlandish clothes 奇装异服

grotesque 怪诞的，艺术、美术、文学中的怪异派、怪异的作品

5.cast a fly 垂钓[同]go fishing, on the Fishing trip(悠闲垂钓)

cast a net 撒网，为了生存捕鱼

6.diplomatic service 外交部门

airline service 航空公司travel service/agency 旅行社

diplomacy 外交 diplomat 外交官

He is a diplomat. 他是一个左右逢源的人。He is a philosopher.

他是一个夸夸其谈的人。

7.govern vt. 治理

government/governing body 政府governor 州长

governess 女家教benevolent government 仁政

8.adequacy n. 适当 [同]sufficient [反]inadequate

He often doubts his adequacy as a father.

=He often doubts whether he is adequate as a father.

他常常怀疑他是不是够格做父亲。

[辨异]deficient, sparse, meager

deficient 没有足够的，缺乏的

sparse 稀少meager 贫乏的,不充分的,不足的The food is meager for winter.

9.grave a. 严重的

[同]solemn, serious, severe have one foot in the grave来日不多了

grave situation 严峻的形势 gravity 地球引力，严重

10.di**elieve vt. 不相信

dis- 多做动词的反义词disappear 消失di**elieve 不相信

11.devoted a. 热心的

[同]committed, dedicated

devote v.devote oneself to sthbe devoted to sth

[注意]to 后面一定要用名词或动名词

He devoted himself to researches.

He is devoted to researches. 他致力于研究。

She is devoted to her children.她太溺爱孩子了。

这里，devoted 相当于 spoil, pamper

12.excessive a. 过分的

[同]immoderate [反]moderate

Excessive studying bores/tires me.

过多的学习使我厌倦/疲惫不堪。

Excessive **oking harms/does harm to the

health.

过度吸烟有害健康。

Excessive **oking is dangerous.

extreme 极端的

13.incurable a. 不可救药的

cure 治疗

cure ** 为某人治病

cure ** of 治某人的……病

curable 可治疗的

to breathe one’s last 奄奄一息

He is beyond cure/remedy.

他不行了/不可救了。

引申为他不可救药了。=He is rotten to the

core.

People heat him to death.

人们都恨死他了。

I’m hungry to death.

我都快饿死了。

[注意]不能说成 I starve to death.

14.neoti** n. 裙带关系

It means giving of favors to his

relatives/relations by a person/man in the high

position or promoting the people closest to

him

backdoor “后门”

15.discount vt. 看轻

count 数

I count on him. 我看重/器重他。

discount 打折 以物做宾语

I discount what he sales.

contempt/belittle/look down on 以人做宾语

16.mystic a. 神秘的,带有宗教色彩

mysterious 则不带宗教色彩

occult 神秘的，玄妙的

supernatural 超自然的

metaphysical 形而上学的

garden of Eden 伊甸园

nether world 阴间

heavenly world 天堂

17.narrowness n. 狭隘

He is narrow-minded. 他心胸狭窄。

He is narrow-sighted/shortsighted.

他目光短浅。

narrow escape 九死一生

18.quality n. 品质

He is a man of quality. 他是一个高尚的人。

a lady of quality 贵妇

19.estate n. 社会阶层，房地产

class, hierarchy, stratification

都有阶层的'意思。

real estate 不动产

personal estate 动产

estate agent 房地产商

20.realm n. 王国(抽象概念)

kingdom 具体概念

mental realm 思想境界

literature realm 文学界

flim/movie realm 电影界

[辨异]estate, domaln, sphere

estate 社会阶层

domaln

donaln name 域名

sphere 球，球形，球体，球面，范围，领域

reali** n. 现实主义

realistic 现实主义的性格

realist 现实主义者[反]idealist 理想主义者

21.adjust vt. 使适应

adjust oneself tonew environment

be adjust to

He is well adjustd.

他好相处。

22.privilege n. 特权，英国英语常用

有特权的人，例如

mp(member of parliament)议员

privileged class 特权阶层

underprivileged class 弱势阶层

privileged car/cab 专车

23.relevant a. 有关的

be relevant to 和…

24.difference n. 差异

make no difference 没关系

It makes no difference wheather you come or

not.

make difference 关系重大

different from（英式英语）=different than (美

式英语)

Notes on the text 课文注释

1.A gentleman is, rather than does.绅士不是通过行为做到的。这里的意思是“绅士”是与生俱

来的，是骨子里的东西。

2.in a professional way=professional

3.be allowed：绅士这一阶层受社会的约束，不是随便什么都可以做的。

practise:从事

practise law= to be a lawyer

practise Medicine= to be a doctor

vocation: 职业 to offer help and aid, for example, priest, doctor, nurse

He is allowed to cultivate hobbies, even eccentricities, but must not practise a vocation.这句话的

意思是：绅士是绝对不能脱离他的阶层，不允许 mix with the masses(与大众为伍),否则就会

很庸俗。

4.ride:骑马

navy:海军

army:陆军

5.rule:治国

6.political economy:政治经济学

less about:更不要提

=not to mention/not to speak of

I know nothing of maths, not to mention English. 我不懂数学，就更别提英语了。

7.learning:学术

sport:指前面说的” ride and shoot and cast a fly”

8.The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its adequacy for its function:

社会要回答的问题并不是这类人物不无美德，而是他们是否胜任其职务。

set for society:做后置定语

virtue:品德

the type= the kind= the class 阶层

so much as, not…… but, 前面有否定式，so much as= but

His success is not by talent so much as by energy.

他的成功不是来自天赋而是来自勤奋。

It is not the hours that tell so much as the way we use them.

重要的不是时间而是如何利用它。

It is the man that behind the gun tells.

胜败在人而不在武器。

adequate:能力

function:功能

9.arise= apper,常搭配副词 here, there

want：需求

pursue: 追求

10.attend to= be concerned with 关注

attend to 后面只能跟名词、动名词

While I am out/away, please attend to my house.

当我不在时，请帮我照看一下家。

11.in finance and method of production:金融和生产方法

12.widespread: 普遍的

discounting ability:轻视才能

character= nature

in a gentleman’s mouth:在绅士的嘴里

the qualities he traditionally possesses himself:他自己传统上所拥有的品质

13.social loyalties= loyalty to society= social duties 社会职责

be loyal to 对……忠诚

have ranged against him one of the fundamental estates of the realm:已把自己放到这个王国中

的基本社会阶层的对立面上去。

range: 排列

range against: 作对

incapable of that imaginative reali**:无法接受充满想像力的现实

14.admit= demand 要求

institution= custom 社会习俗

he formerly took as of right:他以前取得作为……的权力

took as= regard as 看待

took as of 是古英语用法，相当于今天的 took as

he is taken as a black sheep.

他被看作是害群之马。

right:权利

he can now attain only by offering proof that it is directly relevant to social welfare: 只能通过提

供证据说明此项权力与社会福利直接有关才能得到

15.Lord Curzon, Miceroy of India, Invests the Maharajah of Cochin with the Star of India in

1903:派往印度的总督 Curzon 勋爵授予印度本土国王 Cochin“印度之星”。

invest in:投资

invest with:授予

Lord:爵士，勋爵

不是而是英语短语

不是而是的英语短语，在平时的英语写作中是相当常用的。下面是我给大家整理的不是而是英语短语，供大家参阅!

不是而是英语短语

1. He would not answer yes or no, but beat around the bush.

他不直接回答是或不是, 而是兜圈子.

2. Maggie: No, it had been sent on to London by mistake.

玛吉: 不是, 而是误送了去伦敦.

3. Your attitude, not your aptitude, will determine your altitude.--Zig Ziglar

决定你人生高度的，不是你的才能，而是你的态度。

4. It's not about making the amazing saves. It's the little things and **all things that made great gatekeepers great.

伟大的门将不是靠神奇的扑救成就，而是靠注重小事和细节成功。(Tim Howard美国国家队门将)

5. The process is not a circle but rather a spiral.

这个过程不是一个圆周运动而是螺旋上升型的。

6. The slow-worm is in fact not a snake but a legless lizard.

蛇蜥其实不是蛇，而是无脚的蜥蜴。

7. What we need is not manifestos of pious intentions, but real action.

我们需要的不是善意但难以实现的宣言，而是实际行动。

8. Such countries are not "developing" at all, but regressing.

这些国家根本不是在“发展中”，而是在倒退。

9. The people in your grasp are not guests, they are hostages.

你所控制的这些人不是客人，而是人质。

10. I see myself not as a cynic but as a realist.

我觉得自己不是一个愤世嫉俗的人，而是一个现实主义者。

11. Life gets better not by chance, but by change.

生活变得美好，不是偶然，而是我们努力改变的结果。

12. Life isn't about finding yourself. Life is about creating yourself.--George Bernard Shaw

生活不是发现你自己，而是创造你自己!

13. In the end, it's not the years in your life that count. It's the life in your years.

最终，重要的不是活了多少年，而是这些年你怎么活。(林肯)

14. The secret of change is to focus all of your energy, not on fighting the old, but on building the new.--Socrates

做出改变的秘诀不是多么努力地和过去做斗争，而是全力以赴地去打造全新的自己。

15. That isn't a value judgement, it's a fact.

那不是一个价值判断，而是一个事实。

不是而是not but英语短语

1. "Will it happen again?"— 'I hope not. but you never know.'

“这事还会再发生吗?”——“但愿不会，但谁知道呢。”

2. She could not but congratulate him.

她只能祝贺他。

3. He is extremely strong — not but that he will catch cold at times.

虽然他特别健壮,可是有时也会感冒.

4. A poet could not but be gay in such a jocund company.

一个诗人在这种兴高采烈的同伴中自然而然地会快乐.

5. After the fire swallowed his cottage , the old man could not but feel utterly bereft.

在一场大火吞噬了他的草屋之后, 老人唯一的感觉就是他已经一无所有了.

6. I cannot do it; not but what a younger man might be able to do it.

我不能做, 但也许年轻一点的人能做.

7. Overcome with admiration, he could not but imitate them.

他企羡之余, 不免模仿.

8. I cannot do it, not but that a stronger man might.

不能做, 但并不是说比我强的人也不能做.

9. I cannot do it not but that a stronger might.

**不了这件事,虽然不能说比我强的人也干不了.

10. I could not but be gay in such a jocund company.

我和如此快乐的同伴在一起岂能不乐.

11. I could not but **ile to hear her talk in this lofty strain.

我听她这样的大口气禁不住笑了.

12. She could not but think indeed that Mr. Crawford might as well have saved him trouble.

她只是觉得克劳福特先生完全可以代他效劳.

13. Though you knew he was perfectly worthless you could not but enjoy his company.

尽管你明知这个人一钱不值,你还是情不自禁地喜欢和他在一起.

14. The boy is very healthy -- not but that he will catch colds sometimes.

这男孩很健康 -- 虽然有时候也感冒.

15. Since the time of shipment can not be fixed, I can not but worry about it.

交货期还没定下来, 我怎么会不着急呢?

不是而是not but英语短语2

You should get your harp, sir; not but what a fiddle is best.

你应该把你的竖琴拿来，先生;不拿竖琴，最好还是拿小提琴。

No matter where you live you’re not but a 90 minute drive from the ocean.

无论你住在新西兰哪里，到大海的车程都不会超过90分钟。

Not but what this is a very good tex for rural districts... Ah - there's a nice bit of blank wall up by that barn standing to waste.

不过在乡下这些地方，这也是很好的话了……啊——那儿谷仓的墙上有一块很好的地方还没有写字，浪费了。

We may not accept their answers and it's very likely that we do not but their questions are oftenput with a kind of unrivaled clarity and insight.

我们可能不接受他们的解答,我们可能接受才怪,但他们的问题常隐含一种,无敌的清晰与独到见解。

I'll never know if I was drugged or not but I didn't have any of the after-effects you would expect.

我永远不会知道自己有没有被下药，不过我确实没有任何被下药后应有的副作用。

I can't do it, not but that younger man might be able to do it.

尽管岁数比我小的人或许能做到，我却做不到。

I later sat with two woman at a brunch who were talking about online dating, and one had tried itand the other had not but was considering it.

那次我坐在两个正在吃早餐的妇女旁边，她们正在谈论网络约会，并且其中一个已经尝试过了，而另一个还没有但正在考虑尝试。

In these conditions, created by dictatorship, the vocabulary of revolt could not but concentrateon dictatorship—and its downfall—in a political discourse, and no more.

在独裁创造的这些境况下，在政治话语中，起义的语汇只能集中于独裁——以及独裁下台——没有更多。

It was cool but not cold. I could not but admit that it was a most pleasant and comfortablemoment.

清凉的水缓缓流过脚面，凉而不冰，我方才觉得这是极为舒美、惬意的时刻。

Whilst 55% said they did spy on their children, 40% said they did not but the remaining 5% saidthey would do if they knew how.

55%的父母称自己的确窥探过孩子的隐私，40%的人说没有这么做过，其余5%的人说，如果他们知道如何窥探孩子隐私的话，他们也会那么做。

Silence – Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation.

惜言——除非对他人或自己有益，否则不要开口;避免闲扯。

He could not but laugh to see the sight.

看到这些情景，他不由自主地笑了起来。

You may believe me or not but it really works.

也许你不信，但是的确有效。

To accomplish first-class businesses, he can not but abdicate happiness, travels,entertainments,love and hatred, quarrels, arguments and clarifications.

为了完成第一流的事，他必须放弃或减少凡夫俗子的快乐、交游、娱乐、爱恨、争执、答辩与澄清。

We can not but allow you 200 cases since inquiries are so large.

我们只能给你们200箱因为询盘很多。

现实主义英语怎么说

现实主义又称“写实主义”，认为在人类的认知中，我们对物体的理解与感知，与物体独立于我们心灵之外的实际存在是一致的。现实主义摒弃理想化的想像，而主张细密观察事物的外表，据实摹写。那么你知道现实主义用英语怎么说吗?下面一起来学习一下吧。

现实主义的英语说法1：

reali ***

现实主义的英语说法2：

actuali ***

现实主义相关英语表达：

现实主义文学 realistic literature;

现实主义者 realist

浪漫现实主义 romantic reali ***

诗意现实主义 Poetic Relist Film

心理现实主义 psychological reali ***

现实主义的英语例句：

1. Sincere performances and gritty Boston settings add to the film's reali *** .

真诚的表演和对波士顿这一背景城市的真实刻画增添了电影的现实主义色彩。

2. Greene's stories had an edge of reali *** .

格林的小说有强烈的现实主义色彩。

3. Romance is making a eback. Reality is out.

浪漫主义正重新流行起来，而现实主义过时了。

4. the movie's hard-edged reali ***

那部电影的逼真的现实主义

5. Clever lighting and sound effects brought greater reali *** to the play.

巧妙的灯光和音响效果给这出戏注入了更强的现实主义色彩.

6. He will go down in history as a realistic poet.

他将作为一个现实主义诗人而永载史册.

7. This return to reali *** has produced a revival of interest in a number of artists.

这种重回现实主义的趋势已经重新激起了人们对许多艺术家的兴趣。

8. Greene's stories had an edge of reali *** that made it easy to forget they were fiction.

格林的小说带有现实主义色彩，很容易让人忘记它们是虚构的。

9. Basing himself on the realities of his life, the painter successfully integrated reali *** and artistic exaggeration.

画家根据自己的现实生活, 成功地把现实主义和艺术夸张结合起来.

10. Both reali *** and naturali *** are mimetic systems or practices of representation.

现实主义和自然主义都是一种模仿体系或表现性的做法。

11. My theory is that Cervantes was the first magical realist.

我的理论是:塞万提斯是第一个魔幻现实主义作家.

12. Reali *** , economy, sensuousness, beauty, magic.

现实主义, 简洁精练, *** 感官,充满美感和魔力.

13. This issue was not faced in its brutal reali *** by General Gamelin.

甘默林将军没有用无情的现实主义正视这一问题.

14. He found it invigorating to speak of the struggle for reali *** .

一提到为现实主义奋斗,他感到浑身是劲.

15. To begin with, he applied himself to the idea of reali *** .

一开头他就献身于现实主义的想法.

现实主义者英文

现实主义者英文为realist。

每个人都有梦想，梦想有多大舞台就有多大。在这个竞争激烈的社会里，几乎每个人都很难实现。但是要想在这个日新月异的社会里生存，就要把握住每一个机会。机会只会留给那些懂得抓住机会的人。人总不能活在梦想中，毕竟梦想和现实是两回事。

总是要面对生活和工作中的各种挑战和突发事件。生活就像一个商学院，随时都要应对各种问题。每个人的性格及处理方法不同所得到的结果也截然不同。就像穷人和富人想问题的方式不同一样。脑袋决定钱袋，脑袋空空，口袋空空，脑袋转转，口袋满满。

穷人和富人就是源于不同的金钱观念，所以导致不同的结果。

穷人是遵循“工作为赚钱”的思路，而富人则是主张“钱要为我工作”的思路。富人是因为学习和掌握了财务知识，了解金钱的运动规律并为我所用，大大提高了自己的钱商：而穷人则是缺少财务知识，不懂得金钱的运动规律，没有开启自己的钱商。

尽管有的人很聪明能干，接受了良好的学习教育，具有很高的专业知识和工作能力，但由于缺少钱商，还是成为穷人，成不了富人。在这个现实的社会了里要想有一席立足之地，一定要把握住每一个机会，机不可失，失不再来。

对待生活的态度可以分为完美主义者，理想主义者和现实主义者。现实主义者认为生活是最实际的东西，就是现实中的一切，而做事情，只要结果能够达到，过程不需要完美，也不需要充满理想化。他们以最实际的条件和方法达到想要的结果为目的。

事实上，英文怎么说？

事实上英文是in

fact

，

in

reality

truth,

reality

这组词都有“真实”的意思，其区别是：

truth 含义广泛，指符合事实、没有错误或虚假。

reality 侧重指某事物的客观存在的真实性

扩展资料

词根： fact

n.

faction 派别；内讧；小集团；纪实小说

词根： real

adj.

real 实际的；真实的；实在的

realized 实现的；已实现

realizable [数]

可实现的；可实行的；可感觉到的

adv.

really 实际上，事实上；真正地，真实地；真的吗？（表语气）

real 真正地；确实地

n.

real 现实；实数

realization 实现；领悟

reali** 现实主义；实在论；现实主义的态度和行为

realist 现实主义者；实在论者

realness 真诚；真实性

vt.

realize 实现；认识到；了解；将某物卖得

realized 实现（realize的过去式及过去分词）

包含rst的英文单词,三个字母要连在一起的,最好是r开头

太多了,给你挑了几个含义好的.见下：

rosiest 蔷薇色的,玫瑰红色的,美好的,乐观的（rosy的最高级 ）

realist 现实主义者

robust 强健的；健康的；

resist 忍耐,抵抗

realist 最富有的,最强烈的.