动名词和不定式短语的问题?

动词不定是做宾补强调的是过程,动名词强调的是在进行.过去分词强调的是被做二既然题中说经常,就是强调过程,所以用不定式.如果前面说的事情是偶尔的,就得用动名词做宾补

明白了吧，再给你出几道题考考你。

例如 A:many people like watching others play game.

B:many people like to watch others playing game

1）在A句中为什么用不定式play 而在B中却用playing

（2）假若把to watch 换成often 可以吗？

（3）动名词短语和不定式短语在句中若做其它成分可以吗。那短语里面的watching to watch会改变吗

Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种 乐趣。（主语）

Seeing is believing.眼见为实。（主语）

Another goal was ending the chaos in the country. 另一个目标是结束国家的混乱状态。（表语）

What he got in his mind was walking all the way to town.他心中的想的办法是一路步行进城。（表语）

My job is teaching.我的工作是教学。（表语）

To keep money that you have found is stealing.私藏拾到的钱等于偷窃。（表语）

Her shoes wants mending. 她的鞋该修理了。（宾语）

I have finished writing this book.我已经写完这本书了。(宾语)

She left without saying good-bye to us.她没有向我们告别就走了。（介词宾语）

My brother is fond of skating. 我弟弟喜欢滑冰。（介词宾语）

Thank you for giving me some help. 谢谢你给我些帮助。(介词宾语)

§10由于动名词是动词的一种形式，因此动名词也具有动词的一些特征。动名词可以带直接宾语；可以被副词修饰。例如：

My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。(stamps是动名词collecting的宾语)

Meeting you has been a great pleasure.见到你是件很快乐的事。（you是动名词meeting的宾语）

I like driving fast. 我喜欢开快车。（副词fast修饰动名词driving）

动名词还有几种形式：

主动形式

被动形式

一般式

doing

being done

完成式

Having done

Having been done

§ 11动名词（短语）的句**能：

1.动名词具有名词的特征，做主语。例如：

Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。

Sweeping the floor is my wife's everyday work.扫地是我妻子的日常工作。

Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你的健康有好处。

【注意】注意以下句型，“it”是形式主语，动名词是正真的主语。动名词做主语时谓语动词用单数。例如：

It is no good **oking and drinking. I suggest that you should give them up.吸烟喝酒没有好处。我建议你应该戒掉。

It is a waste of time watching TV all day.整天看电视是浪费时间。

It is no use operating on this woman. She ought to have been sent here two hours ago. 给这个妇女做手术已经没有用了，她本来应该在两个小时之前送来。

Living together with you has been a great pleasure.和你住在一起真高兴。

2.作表语

My job is teaching English.我的工作是教英语。

The only thing that interests her is dancing.唯一使她感兴趣的事情是跳舞。

The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers.真正的问题是了解消费者的需要。

To keep money you have found is stealing.捡到钱不交等于偷窃。

【注意】一般来说，动名词作表语表示主语的内容；而现在分词作表语表示主语的特征和属性。例如：

The work assigned to us is bringing the chairs downstairs.分配给我们的工作是把椅子带下楼来。（表示主语的内容）

Her job is raising pigs. 她的工作是养猪。（表示主语的内容）

The film was exciting. 这部电影激动人心。（表示主语的特征）

It is annoying that the meeting should be put off. 会议延期了使人扫兴。（表示主语的特征）

3.作宾语

Andrew hated giving anaesthetics. 安德罗极不喜欢麻醉工作。

I wouldn't mind going there with her.与她一起去那儿，我没有意见。

I assure you I wouldn't have troubled you if I could have avoided doing so. 我可以向你保证，如果当时我能避免的话，我是决不会麻烦你的。

I enjoy listening to music.我喜欢听音乐。

She couldn't risk missing that train. 我不能冒险误过那次火车。

I have finished writing this novel. 我已经写完了这本小说。

【注意】

1.只能用动名词作宾语，而不能用不定式作宾语的动词有：admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, dislike, enjoy, excuse, face, fancy, finish, grudge, can't help, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep, mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, require, stand, suggest, understand, give up, leave off, put off等等。

2.在下列动词之后即可以用不定式，也可以用动名词。这样的动词有：like, love, hate, prefer, begin, commence, start, continue, attempt, intend, propose, can't bear, cease, choose, decline, deserve, disdain, dread, endure, forget, learn, mean, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, regret, try等等。例如：

Do you like swimming( to swim)? 你喜欢游泳吗？

We began listening (to listen)to music.我们开始听音

She propose making(to make)a change in our studying plan. 她建议把我们的学习计划做一些改动。

3.下列动词后既可接不定式，也可接动名词，但所表示的意思不同。例如：

1)remember to do something 记住要做某事

remember doing something 记得曾经做过某事

例如：

I remember posting the letter.我记得我把封信发出了。

Please remember to post the letter for me.请记住替我发信。

I remember seeing this film.我记得曾经看过这部电影。

I should remember to see the film.我应该记住去看这部电影。

2)forget to do something 忘记要做某事

forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事

例如：

I shall never forget seeing the Swiss Alps for the first time.我将永远忘不了我第一次游览瑞士阿尔卑斯山的情景。

I am afraid he will forget to write to me. 恐怕他会忘记写信给我。

3) stop to do something 停下某事去做……

stop doing something 停止做某事

例如：

I really must stop **oking. 我的确该戒烟。

I have been working all the morning. I have to stop to **oke a cigarette. 我已经工作了一上午了，我得停下抽支烟。

4) try to do something 设法做某事

try doing something (做某事)试试

例如：

Try to do your duty well. 尽力做好本职工作。

Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.前门没有人听见你的声音，那么敲敲后门试一试。

5)regret to do something 因做某事感到悲哀（不愉快）

regret doing 因做某事感到后悔

例如：

I regret causing him so much inconvenience.我因给他带来许多不便而感到懊悔。

I regret to inform you that we are unable to offer your employment.我很抱歉地通知你，我们不能接受你的雇用。

6)mean doing 意味着或意思是

mean to do something 打算做某事或想要做某事

例如：

We know that learning a language does not mean just working in a class. 我们知道，学习一种语言并不意味着只是在课堂里学习。

I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 我并没有想伤害你的感情。

7)go on to do something （做完某事）接着做另一件事

go on doing something 继续做某事

例如：

I hope it won't go on snowing all day and all night. 我希望雪不要整天整夜下个不停。

Our teacher welcomed the new students and then went on to explain the school regulations. 在欢迎新生后，我们的老师开始解释学校的规章制度。

8)need to do something 需要做某事（表示主动）

need doing something 需要……（表示被动）

例如：

You need to work harder. 你需要更加努力学习。

Your house needs painting. 你的房子需要油漆了。

9)want to do something 想做某事（表示主动）

want doing 需要……（表示被动）

例如：

I want to study French.我想学习法语。

The electric shaver wants repairing before it can be used. 电动剃须刀需经修理才能使用。

10)begin和start在下列三种情况下最好用动名词。

A.主语是物而不是人时。例如：

The ice began(started) to melt. 冰开始融化。

The barometer began (started)to fall. 气压计开始下降。

B.当begin或start 用于进行时态时。例如：

She is beginning (starting) to cook the dinner.她开始做饭。

C.当begin或start后面的动词指心理状态或精神活动时。例如：

I began to understand my past mistakes.我开始认识自己过去的错误。

She started to wonder who had done it. 她开始纳闷，这件事究竟是谁做的。

11)请比较以下句子：

The buses have ceased running.公共汽车已经停了。

The buses ceased to run. 公共汽车停掉不开了。

第一句的意思可能是：“公共汽车今天停开，但是明天将再开。“第二个句子的意思可能是：“公共汽车将停开很长的一段时间，也可能永远不再开了。”

12)在like, hate, prefer动词后，如果表示一般倾向，多用动名词作宾语，如果指特定的或具体的动作时，用不定式。例如：

I like watching TV. 我喜欢看电视。

I'd like to watch TV this afternoon.今天下午我想看电视。

I hate speaking before a big audience.我不喜欢在大庭广众面前讲话。

I hate to speak at the meeting today. 我今天不愿意在会上发言。

I prefer reading to watching TV.我情愿看书，不爱看电视。

I prefer to watch TV today. 我今天情愿看电视。

13) be afraid to do something 害怕（不敢）去做某事，（常会发生对自己或别人有伤害或令人畏惧的结果）；而be afraid of doing something 表示害怕（担心）会发生某种不愿发生的或不应发生的情况（不一定是令人畏惧的情况），可译为“唯恐(怕)”。例如：

She was afraid of waking her hu**and up. 可能丈夫病了或很累，不应吵醒他。(恐怕发生不应发生的可能后果)

She was afraid to wake her hu**and up.（如叫醒丈夫，可能他要发火，责备她。(害怕去做应当做或必须做的事）

I am afraid of asking the teacher. 我害怕问老师。（要麻烦老师，是我不希望发生的）

I am afraid to ask the teacher. 我不敢问老师。（表示有必要去问，但老师可能要批评我）

4.能跟动名词的动词短语很多，常见的这样短语有：accuse of , be fond of , be capable of, be keen on, be proud of , be ashamed of, be responsible for, be sick of , be tired of , be afraid of , insist on, persist in, stick to , suspect …of, accuse…of, think of, dream of, approve of, prevent (stop, keep)…from, hear of 等。例如：

I am proud of working with you. 我为和你在一起工作感到骄傲。

She is good at singing and dancing.她擅长于唱歌跳舞。

I am thinking of going to the industrial exhibition this afternoon. 我想下午去看工业展览。

I am interested in skating. 我对滑冰感兴趣。

5.下列动词短语中的“to”是介词，不是不定式的符号，因此后面要接动名词或名词。accommodate oneself to 使……适应于，be accustomed to（accustom oneself to）习惯于（使……习惯于），be addicted to 沉湎于，admit to承认， be agreeable to欣然同意，confess to承认，confine oneself to使局限于，contribute to有助于，devote…to 把……奉献给……，be devoted to 献身于，专心于，be equal to能胜任，fall to 着手，have no (have an)objection to不反对，（反对），object to 反对，look forward to盼望，be opposed to反对，pay attention to 注意，lend oneself to帮助，prefer doing something to doing something宁愿……而不……，see to注意，take to开始从事于，when it comes to 谈到，至于，就……而论，be used to 习惯于等等。

例如：

When it comes to writing short essays, you had better ask his advice. 谈到写短篇文章，你最好请教他。

I don't feel equal to doing the work. 我感到不能胜任这工作。

I have got used to working on the night shift. 我上夜班已经习惯了。

I have been looking forward to writing a novel by myself.我一起盼望自己写一本小说。

She refused to admit to breaking the window.她拒绝承认打破窗子。

6.动名词也可以和以下短语连用，作状语。常见的短语有：apart from, for fear of, in case of, with a view to, with the object of, in the event of等等。例如：

We should stay at home today instead of going to school. 今天我们应该呆在家里而应去上学。

He did such a thing with the object of improving his oral English. 他这样做完全是为了提高英语口语水平。

§ 12动名词的完成式与被动形式

1.动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作）或者是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作。例如：

I hate going out in such weather.我讨厌这种天气出门。

He put off making a decision. 他拖延时间，不做决定。

2.动名词的完成式表示一个动作完成状况，通常发生在谓语动词的动作之前。例如：

I am proud of having written such a good novel.我写了一本这样好的小说，感到很骄傲。

You should have apologized for not having kept your promise.你没有遵守诺言本来应该向我表示歉意。

I remember having seen this film before. 我记得以前看过这部电影。

I have failed again. I regret not having taken his advice. 我又失败了。我后悔没有听他的劝告。

Do you remember having ever promised me that? 你记得曾经答应过我这件事吗？

【注意】

1.在实际应用中，虽然动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的，但我们可以用动名词的一般式。例如：

Excuse me for coming late. 原谅我来晚了。

On arriving home, he called me. 他一到家，就给我打**了。

Thank you for attending the meeting instead of me.谢谢你替我去参加了会议。

2.如果一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这个动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般来说要用被动形式。例如：

You can't go out without being allowed. 没有人批准你不能出去。

You can't eat anything before being operated on. 在动手术之前你不能吃东西。

This math problem is far from being worked out. 这道数学难题没有解出来。

Did you mind being punished by the teacher? 你受到老师的惩罚不介意吗？

She was furious at being denied admittance. 不让她去她很生气。

§13使用动名词应注意的几个问题

1.动名词的复合结构：如果一个动名词或动名词短语前用一个物主代词或名词的所有格（在口语中可以用宾格代词）来表示动名词的逻辑主语，这种结构被称为动名词的复合结构，动名词的复合结构具有以下句**能：主语、宾语、表语等。例如：

It is no use your telling me not to worry. 你告诉我别担心是没有用的。（主语）

Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong. 你的正确未必就意味着我的错误。（主语或宾语）

The firm have deferred my going on holiday until next month. 商行已经把我的休假时间推迟到下个月。（宾语）

What's troubling me is your not having enough money.使我烦恼的是你没有足够的钱。（表语）

What made the teacher angry was Lipin's making much noise. 使教师生气的是李平的吵闹。（表语）

He laughed at my brother and me liking rice pudding.他嘲笑我的兄弟和我喜欢大米布丁。（用宾格代词，作介词的宾语）

There is no need for that being done.做那件事没有必要。

2.动名词做主语时，谓语动词一律用单数形式。例如：

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来支援对我们是很大的鼓舞。

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

3.当动名词作宾语而又带有自己的补足语（形容词或名词）时，要用it代表动名词，并将它放到补足语之后。例如：

I found it no use arguing with you.我觉得与你辩论是徒劳无益的。

I don't think it worthwhile buying such a dictionary. 我认为这样的词典不值得一买。

Do you consider it any good trying again? 你觉得再试一试会有好处吗？

【注意】能够用于这一句型常见的动词有：consider, find, think等。能用于这一句型常见的形容词和名词有：any good, no use, no good, worthwhile, useless, senseless, dangerous等。

4.下列短语中的介词常常省略，因此后面要接动名词。

1)Spend time(money) (in) 花时间（钱）（干某事），

2)be busy (in) 忙于（干某事）

3)lose no time (in) 不失时机（干某事）

4)There is no point (in)（干某事）毫无意义

5)waste time (in) 浪费时间（干某事）

6)keep on 继续（干某事）

7)have no difficulty (in) （干某事）没有困难

8)have fun (in) (干某事)有趣

9)have (no)trouble (in) （干某事）有（没有）困难

10) have headaches (in) (干某事) 头痛

11) end up (by) (以干某事)告终

12) take turns (at) 轮流 （干某事）

13) bother (about)(因干某事)烦恼

14) have a hard time (in)(因干某事)吃苦

15) be through (with) 完成

16) What's the use (of ) …(干某事)有什么用？

例如：

You needn't bother (about) coming up.你不必费心来跑一趟。

Let's take turns (at )doing it. 让我们轮流干吧！

5.动名词可以和介词构成短语，作定语用。能够被这种定语修饰的名词有：method of , way of, surprise at, art of, opportunity of, habit of, hope of, process of, possibility of , importance of, necessity of, intention of , means of , right of, experience of, reason for等。例如：

Do you have any experience in running schools? 你有管理学校的经验吗？

What's your reason for coming late? 你晚来是什么原因？

You must take this opportunity of taking part in the Asian Games. 你一定要抓住参加亚运会这次机会。

Do you approve of my way of dealing with this matter? 你赞成我处理这件事的方法吗？

6.如果一个动名词具有很多名词的特点：可以有自己的冠词，有自己的定语，在某种情况下有复数形式；并且也失去了许多动词的特点：没有完成式和被动式，没有自己的状语和宾语，这样的动名词被称为名词化的动名词。如果要表示它逻辑上的宾语，通常在这个名词化的动名词后加上一个介词of , 再加逻辑宾语。例如：

You should have given the classroom a good cleaning. 你本来应该把教室好好打扫一下。（有自己的冠词）

It was Tom who did the recording. 是汤姆录的音。（有自己的冠词）

This work needs careful planning.这工作需要周密的计划。（有自己的定语）

Did you paid any attention to their comings and goings? 你对他们的来踪去迹注意到了吗？（有复数形式）

Most of the digging , moving and compressing of earth was done by machines. 挖土、运土和打夯工作大部分用机器进行。（有自己的逻辑宾语）

7.动名词作表语与不定式作表语的比较：动名词主要说明行为本身，用来表示抽象、泛指的动作，并不明确表示动作发生的时间，而不定式则表示某次具体的，尚未发生的将来动作。例如：

My job is teaching English. 我的工作是教英语。（泛指的行为，表示职业）

My job is to teach them to read the text.我的工作是教会他们读课文。（表示一次具体的任务）

Another error they had made was to think they could beat their opponents.他们所犯的另一个错误，就是认为可能击败对手。（不定式作表语表示已经发生的动作）

主语如果是动名词，则表语也应用动名词，不能用不定式。主语如果是不定式，表语也应用不定式，不能用动名词。例如：

Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 眼见为实。(不能说：Seeing is to believe. To see is believing.)

如果动作十分抽象，已经失去动词性能而接近名词，则用动名词。例如：

My hobby is gardening. 园艺是我的爱好。

不说：My hobby is to garden.

My favorite winter sport is skating. 我最爱好的冬季运动是滑冰。(不说：My favorite winter sport is to skate.)

英语中什么是动名词

英文语法拉杂谈--动名词

作者:kohtp

谈谈动名词（GERUND)

你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？

在还没谈动名词之前，让我们先看看下面的句子：

1.　The girl is singing a song.

2.　The girl singing now is my sister.

3.　Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好).

三个句子中都有singing。第一个句子的singing是常见的现在进行式(Present

Continuous)，是说眼下正在做什么；第二个句子的singing是现在分词(Present

Participle)，它把sing这个动词转为形容词，但仍有动词的成份（哈哈，这么一说，

要把你搞晕了吧 :-) 。关于分词，以后有空再谈吧，OK？）。好戏在后头，你看看第

三个句子的singing到底是什么东东呀？原来就是我们的主角动名词(Gerund)了！你

看，sing原本是个动词，可是现在它加上ing后，看来竟像是一个名词了。怎么，好玩

吧？

因此记住，不要以为一个动词加上ing后都是现在进行式呀！动名词可分为两大类：

一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund)

　Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如 the)或不定冠词

(Indefinite article，如 a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some,

any, all, no 等等。举例如下：

1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring.

　(singing前加定冠词 the及形容词mellow；coming 前加 the)

2.　We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in

the bushes.

　 (rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词 faint)

从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那

就是没有单数或复数之分。不过，有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔，如：

saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,

saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔，

方法就是在它们的后面加个s，如：paintings。

二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund)

　看看下面的句子：

　Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher.

上面的句子里的writing是动名词，但前面有副词carelessly（粗心地），后面又有受

词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。

注意：Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an ...)喔。

好，今天就谈到这里，更多关于动名词的事下回再谈。如果诸位不怕头晕的，请再来试

试，嘿嘿！

谈谈动名词(Gerund)(二）

动名词的功能与用法

一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject　Complement):

1.1　作主语

　1. Listening to music gives me pleasure.　(主语Listening ）

　2. Running is good exercise. （主语running)

　3. Walking to school is a good idea.　(主语walking)

1.2　 作主语的补语

　1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping)

　2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing)

1.3　主语置于句尾

　1.3.1 用 It + be + ... +v-ing 句型

　 1. It is fun speaking English.

　 2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染).

　1.3.2　用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun 等的句型

　 1. It is no use learning theory without practice.

　 2. It is no fun being lost in rain.

　1.3.3　用 It is 后接 useless, nice, good, interesting, worthwhile 等的句型

　 1. It is worthwhile taking this into consideration.

　1.3.4 用 There + be + no + v-ing 的句型

　 1. There is no joking about such matters.

　 2. There is no getting along with him. (简直无法与他相处)

如何？感到头晕了吗？不怕的再来吧。再见。

谈谈动名词(Gerund)(三)

二、动名词也可以作宾语（Object)

2.1　作动词/动词短语的宾语(置于动词或动词短语的后面）

　1. I cannot help laughing. （我禁不住笑了起来）（宾语laughing)

　2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister.　(宾语quarrelling)

　3. You should practice speaking English more.　(宾语speaking)

　注意：上面三个句子中的动词:help, avoid, practice 只能用动名词作宾语。这类

动词还有：

　 dislike 厌恶 admit 接受　repent 后悔　acknowledge 承认

　 enjoy 享受　 escape避免　deny 否认postpone 延迟

　 resent 怨恨　mind 介意　 miss 错过risk 冒风险

　 finish 完成　avoid 避免　delay 耽误　 consider 认为

　 fancy 想象　 excuse 原谅 include 包括 imagine 想象

　 resist **　suggest 建议 ……

　 还有短语类：

　 keep (on)继续 don't mind 不介意 cannot help 不禁 give up 放弃

　 put off 延迟　leave off 停止burst out 闯出　……

　再请注意：有一些动词除了可接动名词外，也可接不定词(infinitive)。例子如下：

　 1. I prefer living　in an apartment. (动词prefer接动名词 living)

　 2. I prefer to live in an apartment. (动词prefer接不定词 to live)

像上面两个句子的意思没什么不同。如 prefer 这一类的动词还有：

　 allow　 deserveneglect　 attempt

　 fearomit　 begin hate

　 permit　bother intendcease

　 likerecommend　continue　love

　 start　 stop　 forgetregret

　 propose trycontinue　remember

　 need　……

　 其实如hate, love, like之类动词，接动名词和接不定词的句子，意思是会有些不

同的，这就留给大家去研究吧，hihi……

2.2　作介词(Preposition)的宾语(Object)

　1. I'm sorry for giving you so much trouble. (介词for，宾语giving)

　2. The book is worth reading. (介词worth, 宾语reading)

　3. I reached him by calling his office. (介词by, 宾语calling)

　4. The police arrested(逮捕）him for speeding. (介词for, 宾语speeding)

　注意：在下列的句子结构中，介词 in 被省略掉：

　1. She is busy (in) correcting her exercises.

　2. He spent two hours (in) reading book.

　3. There is no use (in) talking with him now.

　4. Is it any good (in) taking cold water baths?

2.3　 作"名词+介词"的宾语

　请看下列的句子：

　1. I have the pleasure of speaking to the famous author. (pleasure of + 宾

语speaking)

　2. He takes a great interest in studying languages. (interest in + 宾语

studying)

　这一类"名词+介词"的还有：

　danger offear ofobjection to

　delight to　 habit of　 opportunity for /of

　excuse for　 experience in　love in

　reason for　 ……

好了，好了，看到这里，你是不是需要一点风油呢？呵呵！Gerund还没谈完呢，再会

吧。

谈谈动名词(Gerund)（四）

三、句子中动名词的逻辑主语(Implied Subject)

什么是动名词的逻辑主语呢？在句子中，除了原有的主语之外，属于动名词的"主语

"，也就称为"逻辑主语"，一般位于动名词的前面。

3.1　在动名词前加"物主代词（如：my, his...)"或"名词所有格(如：Mary's,

Dog's...)"

　1. His coming here helped us a lot. (主语/逻辑主语his, 动名词coming）

　2. Tom's escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer.(主语/逻辑主

语Tom,动名词escaping)

3.2　作宾语(Object)的动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，在动名词前加"物主代词"或"名

词所有格"

　1. Do you mind my **oking in the romm? (逻辑主语my, 动名词**oking)

　2. He insisted on Mary's staying there.　(逻辑主语Mary, 动名词staying)

　注意：作为逻辑主语的名词/代词为无生命时，则用通格（of the):

　1.　I cannot say there is no fear of the news spreading among intimate

friends. （逻辑主语news)

3.3　在下列情况中，不能使用所有格：

　3.3.1 代词为 all, both, each, few, several, some, this 等作为逻辑主语时:

　1. I remember all of them saying it .

　3.3.2　数词、名词化形容词（如 the three, the old...)作逻辑主语时：

　 1. In spite of the three telling the same story, I could not believe

it.

　3.3.3　结构中的逻辑主语是名子或短语，或受从句或短语修饰时：

　 1. Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking

a little louder?

真是烦死人了！还好，"动名词"最难的一关要算是"逻辑主语"了。如果你闯过后，接下

来的就轻松得多了。哈哈……

谈谈动名词(Gerund)（五）

四、动名词的语态

4.1　被动式(being + v-ed)

　当动名词的逻辑主语所表示的是动作的对象时，动名词要用被动语态。

　1. He dislikes being interrupted(被打岔) in his speech.

　2. They couldn't stand being treated(被对待) like that.

4.2　完成式 (having + v-ed)

　动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。

　1. We regret having been unable to inform you of the meeting.

　2. The students' having done(完成) the work so well made us very happy.

4.3　完成式的被动语态 (having been + v-ed)

　1.　I heard of his having been chosen(被选为) to be the coach of the team.

　2.　Some of our customers complained of having been treated(被对待)

rudely.

4.4　在动词 need, want, require, deserve 之后的动名词（作为宾语），要用主动

语态来表示被动的意思。

　1. The flowers in the garden want watering(需要浇水）.

　2. That's one of those questions that really don't need answering(不需回

答).

五、作定语 （Attribute）

动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语，表示该名词的用途或有关的动作。

　1. sleeping car 卧车

　2. walking stick 手杖

　3. printing shop 印务馆

　4. reading room 阅读室

　5. swimming pool　泳池

　6. washing machine　洗衣机

　7. dining room　饭厅

六、在英文正式语体里，动名词可放在前置词(Preposition)后，以替代副词/状语的子

句(Adverbial Clauses)

例：1. In case customers encounter difficulties, they should ring the

following number:...

2.　In case of encountering difficulties, customers should ring the

following number:...

第二个句子的"In case of "动名词短句(Gerund Phrase) 取代第一个句子的 "In

case" 副词子句。

下列都是这类例子：

1.　In spite of doing his best, the pupil was reproached. (In spite of )

2.　Despite coming in time, the visitors were not admitted.　(despite)

3.　For all his arguing, the teacher could not convince us. (for all)

4.　The fireman distinguished himself by doing his duty to the utmost. (by)

5.　In sending us the book you proved to be reliable. (In)

6.　Instead of blaming the boy, the teacher encouraged him. (instead of )

7.　The girl left without saying a word. (without)

8.　The boy was blamed for breaking the window. (for)

9.　The children got tired from learning too much.　(from)

10. After spending the holidays with us, our nephew went back to England.

(after)

11. Before going to bed, I opened the window.　(before)

12. On arriving at the station, John was welcomed by his friends. (on)

13. Since leaving school, I have not seen my teacher. (since)

关于动名词终于谈完了，呜呼噫嘻……

英语动词不定式，被动，进行，被动进行怎么用？

动词不定式

1 不定式作宾语

1) 动词+ 不定式

afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake

举例：

The driver failed to see the other car in time.

司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

I happen to know the answer to your question.

我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。

2）动词+不定式 ； 动词+宾语+不定式

ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…

I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。

I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。

I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。

3） 动词+疑问词+ to

decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。

There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。

注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。

The question is how to put it into practice.

问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

2 不定式作补语

1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)

advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

例句：

a. Father will not allow us to play on the street.

父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

b. We believe him to be guilty.

我们相信他是有罪的。

Find 的特殊用法：

Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。

I found him lying on the ground.

I found it important to learn.

I found that to learn English is important.

典型例题:

The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.

A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying

答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。

2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。

Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understand

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.

我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。

典型例题

Charles Babbage is generally considered ___ the first computer.

A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented

答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。

3) to be +形容词

Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…

The book is believed to be uninteresting.

人们认为这本书没什么意思。

4) there be+不定式

believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。

注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider.

We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。

Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

3 不定式主语

1） It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough

It's so nice to hear your voice.

听到你的声音真高兴。

It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。

2) It's very kind of you to help us. 他帮助我们，他真好。

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

It was silly of us to believe him. 我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。

It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything. 他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。

注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型

2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。

3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型

(对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。

(错)It is to believe to see.

4 It's for **.和 It's of **.

1）for **. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2）of **的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。

for 与of 的辨别方法：

用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：

You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。

He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

5 不定式作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：

My work is to clean the room every day.

His dream is to be a doctor.

.6 不定式作定语

不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：

I have a lot of work to do.

So he made some candles to give light

.7 不定式作状语

1）目的状语

To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)

He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。

2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。

What have I said to make you angry.

He searched the room only to find nothing.

3) 表原因

I'm glad to see you.

典型例题

The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.

A. sit B. sit on C. be seat D. be sat on

答案：B. 如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。

8 用作介词的to

to 有两种用法： 一为不定式+动词原形； 一为介词+名词/动名词, to 在下面的用法中是第二种，即to+ 名词/动名词：

admit to承认， confess to承认，

be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to 习惯于， stick to 坚持， turn to开始，着手于， devote oneself to 献身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望， pay attention to 注意

9 省to 的动词不定式

1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)：

2） 使役动词 let, have, make：

3） 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, **ell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。

注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。

I saw him dance.

=He was seen to dance.

The boss made them work the whole night.

=They were made to work the whole night.

4） would rather，had better：

5） Why… / why not…：

6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help ** (to) do sth：

7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。

8） 由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：

9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：

He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。

举例：

He wants to move to France and marry the girl.

He wants to do nothing but go out.

比较： He wants to do nothing but go out.

He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.

典型例题

1) ---- I usually go there by train.

---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?

A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going

答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。

2） Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.

A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning

答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。

10 动词不定式的否定式

Tell him not to shut the window…

She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 我走过的时候，她假装没看见。

典型例题

1）Tell him ___ the window.

A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut

D. not shut

答案：B。 tell ** to do sth 的否定形式为tell ** not to do sth.

2) She pretended ___ me when I passed by.

A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see

D. having not seen

答案：A。 pretend 后应接不定式。其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.。

3）Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ___ after drinking.

A. never to drive B. to never driver

C. never driving D. never drive

答案：A。warn ** to do sth. 的否定形式为warn ** not to do sth. 此处用的是否定词never.

4) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him ____.

A. not to B. not to do C. not do it

D. do not to

答案：A。not to 为not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用to这个词，而不必重复整个不定式词组。及物动词do后应有名词、代词等，否则不对，因此B，D不对。

5) The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat no B. eating not C. not to eat

D. not eating

答案：C。warn一词要求后用不定式，此处为不定式的被动，否定形式为be warned not to do。

11 不定式的特殊句型too…to…

1）too…to 太…以至于…

He is too excited to speak.

他太激动了，说不出话来。

---- Can I help you ? 需要我帮忙吗?

---- Well, I'm afraid the box is too heavy for you to carry it, but thank you all the same. 不用了。这箱子太重，恐怕你搬不动。谢谢您。

2) 如在too前有否定词，则整个句子用否定词表达肯定， too 后那个词表达一种委婉含义，意 为"不太"。

It's never too late to mend. (谚语)

改过不嫌晚。

3) 当too 前面有only, all, but时，意思是：非常… 等于very。

I'm only too pleased to be able to help you. 我非常高兴能帮助你。

He was but too eager to get home. 他非常想回家。

12 不定式的特殊句型so as to

1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。

Tom kept quiet about the accident so as not to lose his job.

汤姆对事故保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的工作。

Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.

轻点进去，别惊醒了婴儿。

2) so kind as to ---劳驾

Would you be so kind as to tell me the time?

劳驾，现在几点了。

13 不定式的特殊句型Why not

"Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" "干吗不……?"

例如：

Why not take a holiday?

干吗不去度假?

14 不定式的时态和语态

时态\语态 主动 被动

一般式 to do to be done

进行式 to be doing

完成式 to have done to have been done

完成进行式 to have been doing

1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。

2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。

He seems to be eating something.

4) 完成进行时：

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

(1)语态

如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：

It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主语）

It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语）

I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语）

Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语）

He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语）

在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)

再例如：

The problem isn't easy to work out. 不定式作宾语

The building to be built here next month will be a supermarket.不定式作定语

Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.不定式作宾语

15 动名词与不定式

1） 动名词与不定式的区别：

动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的

不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的

2） 接不定式或动名词，意义相同。

3） 动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组：

1 stop to do stop doing

2 forget to do forget doing

3 remember to do remember doing

4 regret to do regret doing

5 cease to do cease doing

6 try to do try doing

7 go on to do go on doing

8 afraid to do afraid doing

9 interested to do interested doing

10 mean to do mean doing

11 begin/ start to do begin/ start doing

16.动词不定式做宾补主被动区别

如果动词不定式做宾补，那就要看不定式与宾语之间的关系，是主动的就用主动语态，是被动就用被动语态。

如，I tell him to call you.我让他给你打**。这里的不定式to call，就是宾语him的补语，用的是主动，因为是他 打**，主动关系。

再如，I thought my debt to be repaid.我以为我的债务还上了。这句中的to be repaid 是个被动语态，因为它与宾语debt（债务）的关系是被动的，债务被还上。

以上说的是动词不定式做宾补中的主动与被动，做定语时的情况大同小异，以上明白了，你就可以举一反三了。

高考英语阅读理解设题中常见词汇

2. 高考高频词汇400词

1.alter v. 改变,改动,变更

2.burst vi.n. 突然发生,爆裂

3.dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)

4.blast n. 爆炸；气流 vi. 炸,炸掉

5.consume v. 消耗,耗尽

6.split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的

7.spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃

8.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出

9.slip v. 滑动,滑落；忽略

10.slide v. 滑动,滑落 n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片

11.bacteria n. 细菌

12.breed n. 种,品种 v. 繁殖,产仔

13.budget n. 预算 v. 编预算,作安排

14.candidate n. 候选人

15.campus n. 校园

16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的

17.transform v. 转变,变革；变换

18.tran**it v. 传播,播送；传递

19.transplant v. 移植

20.transport vt. 运输,运送 n. 运输,运输工具

21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变

22.vary v. 变化,改变；使多样化

23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见

24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子

25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心

26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的

27.mild a. 温暖的,暖和的；温柔的,味淡的

28.tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的

29.nuisance n. 损害,妨害,讨厌（的人或事物）

30.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的；无价值的

31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进

32.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的；完全的

33.boundary n. 分界线,边界

34.brake n. 刹车,制动器 v. 刹住（车）

35.catalog n. 目录（册） v. 编目

36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的

37.vain n. 徒劳,白费

38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的

39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的

40.extreme a. 极度的,极端的 n. 极端,过分

41.agent n. 代理人,代理商；动因,原因

42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精

43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求

44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏

45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准

46.stimulate vt. **,激励

47.acquire vt. 取得,获得；学到

48.accomplish vt .完成,到达；实行

49.network n. 网状物；广播网,电视网；网络

50.tide n. 潮汐；潮流

51.tidy a. 整洁的,整齐的

52.trace vt. 追踪,找到 n. 痕迹,踪迹

53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨

54.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛

55.wax n. 蜡

56.weave v. 织,编

57.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持

61. abuse v. 滥用,虐待；谩骂

62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的

63. academy n. （高等）专科院校；学会

64. battery n. 电池（组）

65. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏

66. cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物

67. career n. 生涯,职业

68. vessel n. 船舶；容器,器皿；血管

69. vertical a. 垂直的

70. oblige v. 迫使,责成；使感激

71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊

72. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度

73. exterior n. 外部,外表 a. 外部的,外表的

74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的

75. petrol n. 汽油

76. petroleum n. 石油

77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁

78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽

79. decent a. 像样的,体面的

80. route n. 路；路线；航线

81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏 n. 毁灭,[pl.]废墟

82. sake n. 缘故,理由

83. satellite n. 卫星

84. scale n. 大小,规模；等级；刻度

85. temple n. 庙宇

86. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的

87. tend vi.易于,趋向

88. tendency n.趋向,趋势

89. ultimate a. 极端的,最大的,最终的 n. 极端

90. undergo v. 经历,遭受

91. abundant a. 丰富的,充裕的,大量的

92. adopt v. 收养；采用；采纳

93. adapt vi. 适应,适合；改编,改写 vt. 使适应

94. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位；单身汉

95. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的；临时的；非正式的

96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉

97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的

98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器

99. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的

100. optics n. （单、复数同形）光学

101. organ n. 风琴

102. excess n. 过分,过量,过剩

103. expel v. 驱逐,开除,赶出

104. expend v. 消费

105. expenditure n. 支出,消费；经费

106. expense n. 开销,费用

107. expensive a. 花钱多的；价格高贵的

108. expand v. 扩大,扩张；展开,膨胀

109. expansion n. 扩大,扩充；发展,膨胀

110. private a. 个人的

111. individual a. 个别的,单独的 n. 个人,个体

112. personal a. 个人的；亲自的

114. personnel n. [总称]人员,员工；

115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋

116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋

117. the Arctic Ocean

118. the Antarctic Ocean

119. grant vt. 授予,同意,准予

119. grand a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的

120. invade v.

121. acid n. 酸,酸性物质 a. 酸的；尖刻的

122. acknowledge v. 承认；致谢

123. balcony n. 阳台

124. calculate vt. 计算,核算

125. calendar n. 日历,月历

126. optimistic a. 乐观

127. optional a.

128. outstanding a.

129. export n.

130. import n.

131. impose vt. 把..

132. religion n.

133. religious a.

134. victim n.

135. video n.

136. videotape n.

137. offend v.

138. bother v.

139. interfere v.

140. internal a.

141. beforehand ad. 预先,事先

142. racial a.

143. radiation n.

144. radical a.

145. range n. 幅度,范围 v. （在某范围内）变动

146. wonder n.

147. isolate vt. 使隔离,使孤立

148. issue n.

149. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虚道

150. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住

151. adequate a. 适当地；足够

152. adhere vi. 粘附,附着；遵守,坚持

153. ban vt.

154. capture vt.

155. valid a. 有效的,有根据的；正当的

156. valley n. 山谷,峡谷

157. consistent a. 坚固定；一致的,始终如一的

158. continuous a. 继续的,连续（不断）的

159. continual a. 不断地,频繁的

160. explode v. 爆发；激增

161. exploit v. 剥削；利用,开采

162. explore v. 勘探

163. explosion n.激增

164. explosive a. 极易引起争论的

165. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的

166. removal n. 除去,消除

167. render vt. 使得,致使

167. render vt.

168. precaution n. 预防,防备,警惕

169. idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的

170. identify vt. 认出,鉴定

171. identify n. 身份；个性,特性

172. poverty n. 贫穷

173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,抗...的,耐...的

174. resolve vt. 解决；决定,决意

175. barrel n. 桶

176. bargain n.

177. coarse a.

178. coach n.

179. code n.

180. coil n.

181. ***** n.

182. advertise v.

183. advertisement n.

184. agency n.

185. focus v.

186. forbid vt.

187. debate n./v. 辩

188. debt n.

189. decade n.

190. enclose vt.

191. encounter vt./n.

192. globe n.

193. global a.

194. scan vt.

195. scandal n.

196. significance n.

197. subsequent a.

198. virtue n.

199. virtual a.

英语不定式!!!

动词不定式(to do)是初中英语课本中的一个重点，也是中考必考查的一个项目。下面我们对动词不定式做一简要归纳，以帮助同学们学习和参考。

动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成 (有时可以不带to)。其否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。它属于一种非谓语动词的形式，在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但它可以保留动词的性质，其本身可以带宾语或状语等附加成分（不定式和其附加成分称为不定式短语）。动词不定式（短语）的句**能非常广泛，在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语及状语等成分。

一、作主语

（1）动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词常常用单数。例如：

To do morning exercises is useful for our health. 做早操有利于我们的健康。

To sweep the floor is my duty every day. 每天打扫地板是我的责任。

（2）如果动词不定式太长，常常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。例如：

It took me half an hour to walk there．我走到那儿花了半小时的时间。

It’s important for us to learn English well．对我们来说，学好英语是重要的。

二、作宾语

（1）能够接动词不定式作宾语的有 ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 及 would like/love 等动词，但 finish, enjoy, miss, appreciate, mind, advise, suggest 等动词后面通常只能接动名词作宾语。例如：

I hope to visit this place again. 我希望能再度访问此地。

She enjoys reading very much．她非常喜欢读书。

The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

（2）动词不定式与名等词构成复合宾语时，通常要用 it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语——动词不定式后置。例如：

I think it our duty to obey the laws. 我认为遵守法律是我们的义务。

I found it difficult to see him here. 我发现在这里见到他是很难的。

三、作补足语

（1）某些动词在主动式中后接动词不定式作宾语补足语；在被动式中，由于原来的宾语变成了主语，故原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。这类动词常用的有 consider, expect, tell, want, warn, wish，invite等。例如：

They told him not to be late again.他们告诉他不要再迟到了。→He was told not to be late again.

She invited me to have dinner with her yesterday．昨天她请我一起进餐。

（2）在feel（一感），listen to，hear（二听），let，make，have（三让），look at，see，watch，notice（四看）等词之后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，强调动作的完成过程；它们作被动句的谓语时，to要补上。如：

I heard her sing today．She sang wonderfully．今天我听见她唱歌了，她唱得非常精彩。

She was heard to sing today．今天有人听见她唱歌了。

She is often heard to sing this song（by us）．我们经常听见她唱这首歌。

四、作状语

⑴动词不定式作状语可表示目的、原因及结果等，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，因此动词不定式作状语往往用主动式。例如：

Come to see me again soon. 尽快再来看我。

I trembled to think of it. 我一想到那件事就不寒而栗。

You couldn't do that to save your life. 你即使为了救自己也不能那样做。

(2) only to do sth. 与 only doing sth. 都可作表示结果的状语，区别是：only to do sth. 表示一个与主语愿望相反的或出乎主语意料的结果, 或用来暗示最初的未能实现的动作；only doing sth. 表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果。例如：

I worked hard, only to fail at last. 我努力工作,结果最后却是失败。

He died, only leaving nothing but debts. 他死了,只留下一身债

五、作表语

（1）动词不定式往往放在系动词be（，become, sound, taste 等系动词后面一般不接不定式）的后面作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。例如：

My wish is to become a teacher．我的愿望是当一名教师。

Your job today is to clean the playground. 你今天的工作是打扫操场。

（2）如果系动词后的动词说明主语的性质，特征，相当于形容词。这时就要用现在分词作表语，而不用不定式。例如：

He said that the story was interesting．他说这则故事很有趣。

六、作定语

（1）动词不定式常常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，故动词不定式作定语时往往用主动式；如果动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，该动词不定式要用被动式。例如：

Do you have anything to do tonight? 你今晚有什么事要做吗?

I am going to Shanghai tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there? 明天我要去上海。你有什么东西要捎去的吗?

（2）动词不定式作定语往往表示尚未发生的动作，如果动作已发生或正在发生，一般用现在分词作定语。例如：

I have no pen to write with．我没有钢笔写字。

The man standing there is Li Ming. 站在那里的那个人是李明。

七、和疑问词连用：

不定式前可用what，who，which，where，when，how，why等疑问词构成不定式短语，这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。

（1）作主语。例如：

When to start has not been decided. 什么时候出发还没定下来。

（2）作表语。例如：

The question is how to do the job well. 问题是怎样做好这项工作。

（3）作宾语。例如：

He told me where to find the book. 他告诉我了在哪找到这本书的。

Do you know how to play football? 你知道怎样踢足球吗？

八、不定式的被动式

在初中阶段还涉及到动词不定式被动式的一般式，这种形式是由“to be+动词过去分词”构成的，表示“被……”之意。例如：

There are twenty more trees to be planted. 有更多的树要栽种

英文的谓语动词，谁告诉我怎么用啊？最好详细些，谢谢

上一讲我们讲了名词，不知道大家课后有没有复习啊？现在是高考复习的重要阶段，千万不能偷懒哦！

这一讲我们将复习动词。内容可能会有些多，而且这一部分也是考试的重点。所以，大家要尽量多抽些时间来复习。

动词的复习要从几个方面来思考：

1、弄清动词的分类：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。这样可以针对每类动词的特点来进行进一步的复习。

2、动词短语。

3、非谓语动词

首先我们来看看四类动词。第一类是实义动词。这一类动词所含内容比较广。考查点也比较多。

1、单词意思。尤其是近义的动词。

例如：In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _____.

A. admitted B. acknowledged C. absorbed D. considered

在这道题中， 四个选项看起来似乎都符合题意。但是自己比较一下词义，我们就会发现本题应该选D. considered 考虑; admit 承认; absorb 吸收。acknowledge (=agree or admit the truth of; confess) 承认, 供认.

这一部分我们可以参照我们第一阶段的复习。

2、时态。动词的时态是中学英语的一个主要学习内容。一般来说，实义动词被用于16种时态中（参照：动词的16种时态。）我们必须知道动词的变化规则，包括：原型、现在分词、过去分词、过去式以及不定式。这些变化规则可以参照：规则动词的词形变化 不规则英语动词巧记法。

其次是系动词。系动词主要就是be, am, is, are以及它们的相关形式。这一部分的复习要结合名词的单复数和各种时态。此外，被动语态也是其中经常涉及到的问题。这一部分要结合实义动词的过去分词形式来复习。

助动词：协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词。（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。

助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：

He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。

（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)

2）助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：

a. 表示时态，b. 表示语态，c. 构成疑问句，

d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，e. 加强语气，

最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

对于上面几个助动词的用法我们要仔细地复习。在考试中经常会考到。

对于，情态动词来说，内容比较多，也很重要。我们以前曾经总结分析过。这里就不具体说了。您可以参考：高中情态动词精讲与解析。

接下来我们将谈谈动词短语。

纵观历年的英语高考试题，动词短语一直都是高考的难点，也是热点和重点之一，主要集中在单项填空和完形填空两大题型，考查的重点为动词的固定搭配及辨析。对动词短语的固定搭配的熟记和掌握在学习动词短语中起着极其重要的作用。下面我们简单介绍一下动词短语的含义及其分类。

一、动词短语的概述及分类

动词常与其他词类（多是介词和副词）搭配在一起，构成固定词组，称之为动词短语。一般动词短语可分为以下几类：

1. 及物动词＋介词

这类结构中的介词不能与动词分开，宾语只能放在介词之后。常见短语有：agree with同意……的意见，符合，一致；ask for请求，询问；arrive at／in到达;begin with以……开始;come from来自;feel like想要;fall behind落在……后面;fall off掉下;get to到达;get on上(车) 。

【考题例析】

If you ___any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.

A. come up with B. set about C. run into D. put aside

【解析】答案 C。本题题意为“当你到机场时如果有任何问题，请给我打**。”come up with 提出，赶上，拿出；set about 开始，着手，散布谣言；run into 遇到；put aside 把……放在一边。

2. 动词＋副词

这类结构中宾语放在副词之前、之后均可，但如果宾语为人称代词，则必须放在副词之前。如果宾语过长，则应放在副词之后。常见短语有：eat up吃光；find out找出，查明；put off 推迟；look out 当心；come out 出版；go off 走火，熄灭；keep out 使不进入。

【考题例析】

Before the war broke out, many people ___in safe places possessions they couldn’t take with them.

A. threw away B. put away C. gave away D. carried away

【解析】 答案 B。本题题意为“在战争爆发之前，许多人把他们不能够带上的财物放在安全的地方。”throw away抛弃，失去；put away把……收起来；give away赠送，放弃；carry away带走，搬去， 冲昏……的头脑。

3. 动词＋副词＋介词

这类结构中，介词的宾语不能置于介词之前。常见短语有be fed up with厌倦；catch up with赶上；go on with继续；get on with与……相处。

【考题例析】

The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to ________ our studies.

A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over

【解析】 答案 A。此题意为“期末考试将至，我们该开始认真学习了。” get down to认真对待，认真考虑；get out出去，泄露；get back for回来，取回，恢复；get over恢复，完成，克服。

4. 动词＋名词＋介词

常见短语有：take care of照料,照顾；make room for给……腾出地方；make friends with与……交朋友；play a joke on戏弄某人；have a look at看一看；have a drink of喝一点；say goodbye to告别；告辞。

【考题例析】

Unfortunately, not everyone has realized the important part the balance of nature their daily life.

A. plays in B. playing C. plays of D. to play in

【解析】 答案 A。本题考查引导定语从句的关系词。解题关键在于识别短语play an important part in……。其中宾语part作先行词，所以定语从句中缺宾语，应用关系代词which /that 引导定语从句，而且可以省略。

5. Be动词＋形容词＋介词

常见短语有：be late for迟到；be angry with生气；be busy with忙于；be short for是……的简称；be interested in对……感兴趣；be famous for因……而著名；be good at擅长；be different from与……不同；be good／bad for对……有益／害；be friendly to对……友好。

【考题例析】

The students studied hard. They were ___for knowledge.

A. worry B. worried C. eager D. curious

【解析】 答案 C。be worried about为……担心； be eager for盼望，渴求；be curious about 对……好奇。根据句意可知答案为C。

6. 动词＋反身代词＋介词

常见短语有：help oneself to 随便吃……；give oneself to 热心于；occupy oneself with 忙于；enjoy oneself 玩得开心；dressed oneself in 穿着；break oneself to (去掉……的习惯＝get rid of ) ；devote oneself to 专心，致力于，献身；throw oneself to 投身于……。

【考题例析】

She devoted herself ____ the problems of the teenagers.

A. in studying B. at studying C. to study D. to studying

【解析】 答案 D。本题考查固定短语devote oneself to 专心，致力于，献身于……，其中to 为介词，所以选D。

二、2005高考真题演练

1. Before building a house, you will have to ___the government's permission. (2005 全国卷II)

A. get from B. follow C. receive D. ask for

2. ---Why does she always ask you for help?

---There is no one else____, is there? (2005 北京卷)

A. who to turn to B. she can turn to

C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn

3. If it is quite ____to you, I'll visit you next Tuesday.(2005天津卷)

A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable

4. His idea of having weekly family meals together,which seemed difficult at first, has ____many good changes in their lives. (2005重庆卷)

A. got through B. resulted from C. turned into D. brought about

5. ---You know, Bob is a little slow____ understanding.

---So I have to be patient ___him. (2005重庆卷)

A. in ; with B. on ; with C. in ; to D. at ; for

6. I couldn’t ____.The line was busy. (2005 浙江卷)

A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through

7. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ___his notes. (2005浙江卷)

A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on

8. The dictionary is being printed and it will soon_____.(2005福建卷)

A. turn out B. come out C. start out D. go out

9. I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson _____.(2005湖南卷)

A. cut in B. cut down C. cut out D. cut up

10. Could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you ____yesterday? ( 2005辽宁卷)

A. tried on B. put on C. had on D. pulled on

【答案与解析】

1. 答案 D。ask for one’s permission 征求某人的允许。

2. 答案 B。 turn to ** 转向，求助于某人。此句no one 为先行词，she can turn to 为定语从句。

3. 答案 A。if it is convenient to you，如果你方便的话。

4. 答案 D。 get through度过，完成； result from 由于……的原因；bring about 使发生,引起，导致。

5. 答案 A。be patient with ** 为固定短语。意思为：对……很耐心。

6. 答案D。go by 时光流逝；get in 收割;get through 通过，度过，完成。此处句意为“打通**”。

7. 答案 B。bring up 抚养长大；refer to 提到，查阅，参考；look for 寻找；try on 试穿。

8. 答案 B。turn out 结果是；come out 出来，出版； start out 开始；go out 出去。

9. 答案A。 cut in 插嘴; cut down 砍倒; cut out 停止作用; cut up 切碎。

10. 答案 C。try on 试穿; put on 穿上； have on 穿着; pull on 匆匆穿上。

希望大家多多练习。

最后， 我们来看看非谓语动词。

非谓语动词，顾名思义就是不能做谓语的动词，包括不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词。对于非谓语动词我们可以参照：非谓语动词用法比较与高考试题、非谓语动词的不同时态、非谓语动词选择题七十、非谓语动词填空题三十

对于非谓语动词这块，在后期我们还会进行进一步地讲解。