跪求sanctions和 penalties的区别

sanction 是批准，认可的意思

e.g.

Official sanction has not yet been given.

尚未获得正式批准。

sanctions 有制裁的意思

e.g.

There were strict sanctions against absenteei**.

旷工会受到严厉的处分。

penalties 单数是penalty，意思是惩罚，处罚

e.g.

If you knock the ball with your hand in football, you will suffer a penalty.

如果在踢足球时你用手碰到球，你将受到处罚。

事实上用英语怎么说？

“事实上”的英文表达有：actually、in fact、in reality、as a matter of fact、as the case stands

解析：

1、actually

读音：英 [ˈæktʃuəli]   美 [ˈæktʃuəli]

adv.实际上；确实；竟；事实上

Actually we do have a position in mind. Why don't you fill out our application?

实际上我们的确在考虑一个职位，你先填一下我们的求职表好吗？

2、in fact

读音：英 [in fækt]   美 [ɪn fækt]

事实上；实际上，其实；实则；说起来

In fact, those people have been promoted.

事实上，那些人已经升职了。

3、in reality

读音：英 [in riˈæliti]   美 [ɪn riˈælɪti]

实际上，事实上；实则

The reactionaries are fierce in appearance but feeble in reality.

反动派看起来很强大，实际上十分虚弱。

4、as a matter of fact

读音：英 [æz ə ˈmætə ɔv fækt]   美 [æz e ˈmætɚ ʌv fækt]

事实上，其实；说起来

It's not that difficult. As a matter of fact, it's quite easy 

这并不那么困难，实际上，容易得很。

5、as the case stands

adv.事实上

As the case stands, this plan is no good.

这个计划实际上一无是处。

CATTI笔译综合（一）

Someone who is affable is pleasant and friendly. 和蔼的

Mr. Brooke is an extremely affable and approachable man.

布鲁克先生是一个极为和蔼可亲的人。

A conjecture is a conclusion that is based on information that is not certain or complete. 推测

That was a conjecture, not a fact.

那是个推测，不是事实。

Someone's disposition is the way that they tend to behave or feel. 性情

The rides are unsuitable for people of a nervous disposition.

这种骑乘不适合紧张型性格的人。

A place that is salubrious is pleasant and healthy. 宜人的

.the salubrious climate of the north.

北方宜人的气候。

If you elicit a response or a reaction, you do or say something that makes other people respond or react. 引起 (反应)

Mr. Norris said he was hopeful that his request would elicit a positive response.

诺里斯先生说他希望他的要求会引起积极的回应。

If you elicit a piece of information, you get it by asking the right questions. 探得 (信息)

My letters to her have elicited no response.

我写给她的信没有得到回应。

If something such as cloth or rope frays, or if something frays it, its threads or fibres start to come apart from each other and spoil its appearance. 磨损

The fabric is very fine or frays easily.

这种布料很细，或者说是容易磨损。

The stitching had begun to fray at the edges.

边缘处的针脚已经开始磨损了。

If your nerves or your temper fray, or if something frays them, you become nervous or easily annoyed because of mental strain and anxiety. 烦躁

Tempers began to fray as the two teams failed to score.

两队都没有得分，人们开始烦躁起来。

Something that is innocuous is not at all harmful or offensive.

无害的; 无意冒犯的

Both mushrooms look innocuous but are in fact deadly.

两个蘑菇看起来都无害，但实际上却能致命。

A platitude is a statement that is considered meaningless and boring because it has been made many times before in similar situations. 陈词滥调 [表不满]

Why couldn't he say something vital and original instead of just spouting the same old platitudes?

他为什么不能说点重要的、有新意的东西，而不只是喋喋不休地讲些陈词滥调呢？

If someone fabricates information, they invent it in order to deceive people. 伪造

All four claim that officers fabricated evidence against them.

4人全部声称官员们伪造了不利于他们的证据。

fabrication N-VAR 伪造

She described the interview as a "complete fabrication."

她把这次采访描述为“纯属虚构”。

If one thing incorporates another thing, it includes the other thing. 包含 [正式]

The new cars will incorporate a number of major improvements.

这种新型汽车将包含许多重大的改进。

V-T If someone or something is incorporated into a large group, system, or area, they become a part of it.

使并入 [正式]

The agreement would allow the rebels to be incorporated into a new national police force.

该协议将允许叛军并入一支新的国家警察部队。

V-T If you modulate your voice or a sound, you change or vary its loudness, pitch, or tone in order to create a particular effect.

调节(音量、音高、音调等); 改变 [书面]

He carefully modulated his voice.

他仔细地调节了自己的声音。

V-T To modulate an activity or process means to alter it so that it is more suitable for a particular situation.

调节; 调整(活动或过程) [正式]

These chemicals modulate the effect of potassium.

这些化合物可以调节钾的功效。

An impending event is one that is going to happen very soon.

即将发生的 [正式] [ADJ n]

On the morning of the expedition, I awoke with a feeling of impending disaster.

远征出发的那天早上，我醒来就有一种大难临头的感觉。

People and animals who are imitative copy others' behaviour. 模仿的; 仿效的

Babies of eight to twelve months are generally highly imitative.

八至十二个月大的婴儿一般具有很高的模仿能力。

Nostalgic things cause you to think affectionately about the past. 引起怀旧的

Although we still depict nostalgic snow scenes on Christmas cards, winters are now very much warmer.

虽然我们还在圣诞卡上描绘引人怀旧的雪景，但现在冬天温暖多了。

If you feel nostalgic, you think affectionately about experiences you had in the past. 怀旧的

Many people were nostalgic for the good old days.

很多人都怀念过去的好时光。

Normative means creating or stating particular rules of behaviour.

规范的; 标准的 [正式] [usu ADJ n]

Normative sexual behaviour in our society remains heterosexual.

我们社会的性行为规范依然是异性间的。

...a normative model of teaching.

...一种教学的标准模式。

ADJ If you describe something as interminable, you are emphasizing that it continues for a very long time and indicating that you wish it was shorter or would stop. 无休止的 [强调]

...an interminable meeting.

…一次没完没了的会议。

interminably ADV 无休止地

He talked to me interminably about his first wife.

他喋喋不休地给我讲他第一任妻子的事。

N-UNCOUNT Indignation is a feeling of shock and anger when you think that something is unjust or unfair. 愤怒不平

She was filled with indignation at the conditions under which miners were forced to work.

她为矿工们被迫工作的条件满心愤慨。

Spontaneous acts are not planned or arranged, but are done because someone suddenly wants to do them.

自然的; 自发的 (行为)

Diana's house was crowded with happy people whose spontaneous outbursts of song were accompanied by lively music.

戴安娜的房子挤满了幸福的人们，他们在欢快音乐的伴奏下不由自主地唱起歌来。

spontaneously ADV 自然地; 自发地

Many people spontaneously stood up and cheered.

许多人自发地站起来欢呼。

Homogeneous is used to describe a group or thing which has members or parts that are all the same. 同种类的 [正式]

The unemployed are not a homogeneous group.

失业者并不都是同一类人。

Someone who is conscientious is very careful to do their work properly. 认真的

We are generally very conscientious about our work.

我们一般对工作都是很认真的。

conscientiously ADV 认真地

He studied conscientiously and enthusiastically.

他认真积极地学习。

ADJ If you describe someone as frivolous, you mean they behave in a silly or light-hearted way, rather than being serious and sensible. 轻率的

I just decided I was a bit too frivolous to be a doctor.

我只是认定自己有点儿太轻率，不适合当医生。

ADJ If you describe an activity as frivolous, you disapprove of it because it is not useful and wastes time or money. 无用的 [表不满]

The group says it wants politicians to stop wasting public money on what it believes are frivolous projects.

该团体说他们希望政客们停止在该团体认为无用的项目上浪费公款。

ADJ Someone who is aloof is not very friendly and does not like to spend time with other people. 冷淡的 [表不满]

He seemed aloof and detached.

他看起来冷淡且超然。

Empathy is the ability to share another person's feelings and emotions as if they were your own. 同感能力

Having begun my life in a children's home, I have great empathy with the little ones.

在一家儿童福利院长大使我对这些小孩子们怀有深深的同感。

A bungler is a person who often fails to do things properly because they make mistakes or are clumsy. 笨拙的人

A ruffian is a man who behaves violently and is involved in crime. 恶棍; 歹徒 [老式]

...gangs of ruffians who lurk about intent on troublemaking.

...一群潜伏在四周、企图制造麻烦的匪帮。

If you are a stickler for something, you always demand or require it. 坚持···的人

Lucy was a stickler for perfection, and everything had to be exactly right.

露西曾是个追求完美的人，凡事都得完全正确。

to make a **all hole in something using something sharp

刺（破），戳（穿），扎（穿）

Prick the sausages before you grill them.

烤之前把香肠戳孔。

prick yourself/prick your finger (= accidentally make a hole in your skin)

扎了自己/扎破手指

She had pricked her finger on a rose thorn.

她被玫瑰花刺扎破了手指。

if something pricks a part of your body, or if it pricks, you feel **all sharp pains

（使）〔身体的某个部位〕感到刺痛

→ prickle

Angry tears pricked her eyes.

愤怒的泪水刺痛了她的双眼。

a curious pricking sensation

一种不寻常的刺痛感

prick **’s conscience if something pricks someone’s conscience or their conscience pricks them, they feel guilty or ashamed

使某人的良心受到谴责，使某人的良心不安

Her conscience pricked her as she told the lie.

她撒谎的时候良心很不安。

prick (up) its ears if an animal pricks up its ears, it raises them to listen to a sound

〔动物〕竖起耳朵听

The rabbit stopped suddenly, pricking up its ears.

那只兔子突然停下来，竖起耳朵听。

to become more cheerful, active, and interested in what is happening around you, or to make someone feel this way

（使）活跃[振作]起来

She seemed kind of tired, but she perked up when Helen came over.

她看上去有点疲倦，不过海伦一来她便精神起来了。

There’s no doubt coffee perks you up.

咖啡无疑可以使人精神振奋。

to become more active, more interesting, more attractive etc, or to make something do this

（使）看起来更为鲜亮[有情趣]

A little chili will perk up the sauce.

加一点辣椒，这酱汁就更有味了。

prick (up) your ears if you prick up your ears or your ears prick up, you listen carefully because you have heard something interesting 〔人〕仔细倾听

Jay pricked up his ears when I mentioned a vacation.

我提到假期时，杰伊竖起耳朵来仔细倾听。

sanctions [plural 复数]

official orders or laws stopping trade, communication etc with another country, as a way of forcing its leaders to make political changes 〔对某国的〕制裁

→ embargo

a resolution to impose sanctions (= start using sanctions ) on DPRK

对朝鲜实施制裁的决议

the threat of trade sanctions

贸易制裁的威胁

The UN security council may impose economic sanctions .

联合国安理会可能会实施经济制裁。

Any talk about lifting sanctions (= ending them ) is premature.

现时就谈取消制裁为时过早。

[+ against ]

US sanctions against Cuba

美国对古巴的制裁

[U] official permission, approval, or acceptance formal

正式许可，批准，接受 【正式】 SYN approval

Apparently, the aide had acted without White House sanction.

这名助理的所作所为显然未经过白宫的批准。

[C] a form of punishment that can be used if someone disobeys a rule or law formal

处罚，惩罚 【正式】 SYN punishment

the harshest possible sanction which could be imposed

可能采取的最严厉的处罚

action against someone who has done something bad to you

报复，反击

→ revenge

in retaliation (for sth)

This action was undoubtedly in retaliation for last week’s bomb attack.

这个行动无疑是对上周炸弹袭击事件的报复。

[+ against ]

the threat of massive retaliation against British troops

要对英军进行大规模报复的威胁

an idea that is nebulous is not at all clear or exact

模糊不清的，含糊的 SYN vague

‘Normality’ is a rather nebulous concept.

“常态”是个非常含糊的概念。

a shape that is nebulous is unclear and has no definite edges

朦胧的，轮廓不清的

a nebulous ghostly figure

幽灵般朦胧的身影

spending money, wasting time etc in a careless way

浪费的，挥霍的；奢侈的 SYN extravagant

a prodigal lifestyle

奢侈的生活方式

causing a lot of argument and disagreement between people 引起争论的；有争议的

SYN controversial

contentious issue/area/subject etc

Animal welfare did not become a contentious issue until the late 1970s.

动物福利到20世纪70年代末才成为一个引起争论的话题。

someone who is contentious often argues with people 爱争论的 SYN argumentative

[U] power or the authority to influence other people’s decisions informal 〔影响他人决定的〕力量；权势 【非正式】

An official protest could carry considerable clout . 正式的**可能具有相当大的影响力。

political/economic etc clout

people with financial clout 有经济实力的人

the clout to do sth

Few companies have the clout to handle such large deals.

没有几家公司有实力做这么大的买卖。

[C] a hard blow given with the hand BrE informal 〔用手的〕猛击 【英，非正式】

He gave him a clout round the ear. 他打了他一记大耳光。

showing great courage or confidence in a way that is impressive or slightly shocking 大胆的

the risks involved in such an audacious operation

如此大胆的行动中存在的风险

[C,U] a piece of writing, music etc or an action that copies someone or something in an amusing way 〔文章、音乐等的〕滑稽模仿作品

Her performance contains a strong element of self-parody (= when someone makes fun of their own style ) .

她的表演包含了强烈的自嘲元素。

[+ of ]

a brilliant parody of classical dance

一出对古典舞蹈精彩有趣的模仿作品

in a parody of sth

He swung the door wide open in a parody of welcome.

他一下子把门大开，夸张地表示欢迎。

[C] something that is not a correct or acceptable example of something 拙劣的模仿

[+ of ]

Although his comment was a parody of the truth, Diana was upset by it.

虽然他的话歪曲了事实，但还是让黛安娜很不安。

The trial was a parody of justice (= very unfair ) .

这场审判是对正义的嘲弄。

someone who is dogmatic is completely certain of their beliefs and expects other people to accept them without arguing 教条的，自以为是的，武断的

Her staff find her bossy and dogmatic.

她的员工认为她爱指挥别人而且自以为是。

sanctioned是什么意思

sanction英 [ˈsæŋkʃn] 美 [ˈsæŋkʃən]

n.约束力; 制裁，处罚; 批准，认可; 鼓励;

vt.批准; 鼓励，容忍;

[例句]In Chinese society shame operates as the principal sanction.

在中国的社会，羞耻心在道义上具有一种压倒一切的约束力。

[其他]第三人称单数：sanctions 复数：sanctions 现在分词：sanctioning 过去式：sanctioned

过去分词：sanctioned 形近词： function sanctity junction

sanctions是什么意思

sanctions英 美 ['sæŋkʃən]

n. 制裁；处罚（sanction的复数）；制发

v. 批准；对…实行制裁；赞许（sanction的三单形式）

网络释义

制裁

（3）政治制裁（Political Sanctions） ）政治制裁（ Sanctions） • 某个或几个国家**另一个国家，从而断绝与该国 国家的一切经贸往来，或者对特定商品的贸易实施 制裁。

制发

... Russells paradox 罗素悖论 sanctions 制发 scope 范围，限界 ...

国际制裁

一些词的翻译 ... refreshments 茶点，点心 sanction 批准，认可 sanctions 国际制裁 ...

规范的约束力

... 5.硬性指标(assertiveness) 6.高层权威(higher authority) 7.规范的约束力(sanctions) ...

短语

legal sanctions 法律制裁

international sanctions 国际制裁

impose sanctions 实行制裁