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fascinating词根词缀「fascinated词根词缀」

更新时间:2026-07-19 03:04:44 周记网3年前 (2023-04-03)英文周记149

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Rules for teaching grammar in schools

学校语法教学的应尽之事

fascinating词根词缀「fascinated词根词缀」

In retrospect it scarcely seems surprising that learning to underline a modal verb, such as "can", "should" and "may", does little to help students use them effectively in their own writing. These words are anyway grasped by tiny children without the need to know what they are called.

回过头看,学生学着用下划线标示出“can(可以)”、“should(应该)”和“may(可能)”之类的情态动词,其实对他们在自己的写作中恰当使用这些词没什么帮助,而这样的结果似乎也没什么好惊讶的,毕竟(英国的)小孩子不需要知道这些词的名字叫什么,就已经会使用了。

This may tempt the conclusion that the teaching of grammar should be shelved altogether. But there are reasons to reform it rather than scrap it.

这可能会促使人们得出如下结论:语法教学就应该被完全搁置。但是,我们有理由对其进行改革,而不是将其废除。

Understanding of language is part of a wider education in what makes human beings human. How concepts are turned into sounds, and how those sounds combine to form propositions, commands or questions, are issues that have occupied many linguists in philosophy departments.

对语言的理解是更广义的“树人”教育的一部分。内心的概念如何转变为声音?那些声音又如何组合起来,形成观点、命令或者疑问?很多哲学系的语言学家们一直都在思索这些难题。

For grammarians keen on the jobs of the future, the field of natural-language processing is booming. After many years of poor results, technological wizards have devised programs for automated translation, speech recognition and other services that are actually usable, if far from perfect.***

对那些热衷于琢磨新兴工作的语法学家们来说,自然语言处理领域正在蓬勃发展。尽管科技奇才们多年来的工作成果不尽如人意,但他们还是设计出了自动翻译、语音识别和其他服务程序,这些程序虽远非完美,但实际上还是能用的。

These tools may rely more on knowledge of artificial intelligence than of the subjunctive, but linguistic expertise still matters, and may give budding programmers an edge over rivals whose best language is Python.

这些程序可能更依赖人工智能的相关知识,而不是虚拟语气之类的语法知识。不过,语言学的专业知识仍然很重要,它们或许能让刚起步的程序员比那些掌握最熟练的“语言”是 Python 的对手更有优势。

A cook does not need to know chemistry to make a delicious sauce. But the science of how words combine to make meaning is fascinating as well as fundamental.

(尽管)厨师不需要了解化学知识就能制作美味的酱汁,但是,遣词造句的学问既是迷人的,也是基本的。

主编:啾笛、Amber

品控:大芃、Amber

审核:Jack

重点词汇

in retrospect

回想起来,事后看来

例句:In retrospect, I think that I was wrong.

相关词汇:retrospect(n. 回顾,回想)

词根词缀:retro- (to look back at,往回看)

词根词缀:spect(to look at,看)

scarcely

/ˈskers.li/

adv. 勉强;几乎不

近义词:hardly(adv. 几乎不)

例句:I can scarcely believe it.

例句:We scarcely ever meet.

do little to

未能做某事

相关词汇:little(pron. 一点儿;少得几乎没有)

英文释义:fail to do sth.

例句:The company did little to prevent the disaster.

grasp

/ɡræsp/

v. 理解,领悟,明白(尤指费解之事);抓紧,握紧

英文释义:to take and hold something firmly

例句:We need to grasp the rope.

搭配短语:to grasp the main points of the lecture

tempt

/tempt/

v. 促使;引诱

搭配短语:tempt **. to do sth. / into sth. / into doing sth.(诱惑某人做某事)

例句:The **ell of the pie tempted me.

相关词汇:tempting(adj. 吸引人的;诱人的)

搭配短语:This may be tempting to draw the conclusion that …

shelve

/ʃelv/

v. 推迟处理,搁置;把……放在架子上

英文释义:to put (something) on a shelf

例句:The plan had to be shelved because of lack of money.

补充:动词 shelve 是个逆生词,是和“派生词”相反的一个概念,所谓逆生,也就是 back-formation,是指将已经存在的词通过去除或改变后缀构成新词,举个例子,其实是先有的名词 editor,编辑,去掉词尾 or 后,逆生,得到了动词 edit,文中这里的 shelve 就是表示“架子”的名词 shelf 的复数形式 shelves 的逆生词,shelves 去掉了结尾的 s,就变成 shelve。

scrap

/skræp/

v. 放弃;取消;报废

词性拓展:scrap(n. 碎片,小块)

搭配短语:a scrap of paper

相关词汇:scraps(n. 吃剩的东西,残羹剩饭)

搭配短语:kitchen scraps(厨余垃圾,厨房泔水)

搭配短语:to scrap a car(报废汽车)

搭配短语:to scrap a plan(取消计划)

例句:We should scrap the idea.

occupy

/ˈɑː.kjə.paɪ/

v. 使忙于(做某事)

例句:The hobby occupies all of my free time.

grammarian

/ɡrəˈmer.i.ən/

n. 语法学家

keen

/kiːn/

adj. 喜爱;(对……)有兴趣

搭配短语:keen on sth.

例句:I am not keen on jogging.

devise

/dɪˈvaɪz/

v. 发明,设计

近义词:invent / think up

far from

几乎相反

搭配短语:far from + adj. / n. / v-ing

例句:Far from helping the situation, you've just made it worse.

subjunctive

/səbˈdʒʌŋk.tɪv/

n.(语法中的)虚拟语气

搭配短语:subjunctive mood

linguistic

/lɪŋˈɡwɪs.tɪk/

adj. 语言的,语言学的

相关词汇:linguistics(n. 语言学)

相关词汇:linguist(n. 语言学家)

词根词缀:-ist(……人)

expertise

/ˌek.spɝːˈtiːz/

n. 专门知识,专门技能

相关词汇:expert(n. 专家)

搭配短语:financial expertise(金融专业知识)

搭配短语:medical expertise(医疗专业知识)

搭配短语:expertise in sth.

搭配短语:expertise in engineering

搭配短语:He has great expertise in linguistics.

budding

/ˈbʌd.ɪŋ/

adj. 开始发展的;崭露头角的

相关词汇:bud(n. 花蕾,花芽)

相关词汇:bud(v. 发芽)

edge

/edʒ/

n. 优势

近义词:advantage(n. 优势;优点)

搭配短语:cutting edge

搭配短语:the cutting edge of computer technology

相关词汇:cutting-edge(adj. 最新的,尖端的)

例句:We have the cutting-edge speech recognition techonogy.

搭配短语:give an edge over sth.

fundamental

/ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.t̬əl/

adj. 基本的,基础的

近义词:basic(adj. 基础的)

词义辨析:basic,fundamental

fundamental 跟我们熟悉的 basic 意义差不多,但 fundamental 的语气更重,有“根本的、彻底的”含义,重要性比 basic 要大很多。比如在我国的法律体系中,香港的基本法叫 Basic Law,而宪法是国家的根本法,the fundamental law。再给大家两个句子对比一下,The hotel only provides basic service. 这家旅馆只提供基础的服务,比如**叫醒,清洁等等,像干洗衣服这种附加服务是不提供的。再来一个,Hard work is a fundamental requirement. 努力是最基本的要求。

interesting英文

interesting意思是有趣的。

interesting英[ˈɪntrəstɪŋ]美[ˈɪntrəstɪŋ];原形:interest;副词:interestingly。

adj.有趣的;引起好奇(或兴趣)的;令人关注的;令人瞩目的。

网络释义:有趣 ; 有趣的 ; 趣味性 ; 令人感兴趣的 ; 兴趣 ; 有意思 ; 很有意思。

短语搭配:in an interesting condition怀孕;怀胎。

interesting thing有趣的东西;有趣的事。

interesting book有意思的书。

interesting way有趣的方式。

interesting topic有趣的话题。

词根词缀:后缀:-ing。

1、表名词,”状态物品,行业等“;2、表介词,“在……情况下……”;3、表形容词,“正……的或令人……的”;4、“……的”。

同义词:adj.有趣的;有兴趣的;迷人的。

fascinating、arousing、appealing、absorbing、thought、provoking、amusing、spellbinding、inviting、thrilling、engrossing、intriguing、enthralling、captivating、attractive、provocative、exciting、entertaining、gripping。

双语例句:

1、It will be very interesting to see what they come up with.

他们将提出何种建议是很令人关注的。

2、It's interesting work, although quite a lot of it is elementary.

这是一份有趣的工作,尽管很多内容是简单的。

3、You start to say something and then just when it's getting interesting you shtum up.

你开始说了,可正当你说到精彩之处时,却沉默不语了。

4、Our menu list will give you some idea of how interesting a low-fat diet can be.

我们的菜单会让你知道低脂肪食谱可以有多大吸引力。

5、The property has many interesting features and all mod cons.

该房产具有许多有趣的特色,且现代化生活设备一应俱全。

6、She found it interesting to learn about their strategy.

她觉得学习他们的策略很有意思。

7、Couscous makes an interesting change from rice.

吃惯大米,尝尝蒸粗麦粉,令人感到新鲜。

8、[with direct speech]‘How interesting,’ he murmured quietly.

“真有意思,”他低声地说。

9、You'd never vouchsafed that interesting titbit before.

你以前可从来没有说过那个趣闻。

10、Glaciers are unique and interesting natural phenomena.

冰川是独特而有趣的自然现象。

space race

正文

A new space race is under way — between film-makers

一场新的太空竞赛正在电影工作者之间展开

Film-makers have been fascinated by space for well over a century. Producers often enlist the expertise of theoretical physicists and former astronauts in order to create a faithful portrayal of space travel.

在超过一个世纪的时间里,电影工作者一直对太空着迷。制片人经常寻求理论物理学家和前宇航员的专业帮助,想以此展现太空旅行的真实写照。

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The most realistic depiction yet may arrive on screens in 2022. In October 2021 Rosco**os, Russia's space agency, sent an actor and a director to the International Space Station (ISS) to film scenes for "Vyzov" ("The Challenge"). The story follows a surgeon as she is dispatched to operate on a co**onaut before he can return to Earth.

到目前为止对太空最真实的描绘,可能会在 2022 年出现在银幕上。2021 年 10 月,俄罗斯的太空总署——俄罗斯联邦航天局——把一名演员和一名导演送往国际空间站(ISS),为电影《维佐夫》(《挑战》)拍摄一些场景。这个故事讲述的是,一名外科医生被派去给一位尚未返回地球的宇航员做手术。

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The Russian film-makers are hoping to beat old foes in their creative endeavour: in May 2020 an American film crew, led by director Doug Liman and star Tom Cruise, announced its intention to get their own cameras rolling on the ISS with the help of NASA and SpaceX.

俄罗斯电影工作者们希望在创造性事业中击败宿敌:2020 年 5 月,一个由导演道格·里曼和影星汤姆·克鲁斯领导的美国电影制作组宣布,他们将在美国宇航局和 SpaceX 的帮助下,前往国际空间站拍摄。

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It seems, however, that Russia was better prepared for lift-off. Although Messrs Liman and Cruise were also hoping to begin filming in October 2021, further details about this endeavour remain scarce.

然而,俄罗斯方面似乎为飞去太空拍摄做了更充足的准备。尽管里曼先生和克鲁斯先生也希望能在 2021 年 10 月开始拍摄,但是进一步关于这个项目的细节仍然很少。

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Whenever these tales make it to the big screen, both are hoping to rekindle a public passion for celestial exploration. Rosco**os has said it strives to "popularise Russia's space activities".

无论这两个故事何时会出现在大银幕上,二者都希望重新点燃公众对天体探索的热情。俄罗斯联邦航天局表示,它将努力“普及俄罗斯的太空活动”。

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Similarly, when announcing the Hollywood project, Jim Bridenstine, a former administrator at NASA, said that "we need popular media to inspire a new generation of engineers and scientists to make [NASA's] ambitious plans a reality." To infinity, perhaps, and beyond.

同样,在这个好莱坞项目被宣布时,前美国航天局局长吉姆·布里登斯汀表示:“我们需要大众媒体来激励新一代的工程师和科学家,使美国航天局的雄心壮志成为现实。”飞向宇宙,也许,还有浩瀚无垠。

加入会员可查看

主编:刘颖楠、Lucky

品控:刘颖楠、XP、Luni

审核:Lucky

重点词汇

under way

进行中;(船或火车)启动,启航

例句:The ship finally got under way.

例句:Preparations are under way.

fascinate

/ˈfæs.ən.eɪt/

v. 使着迷

相关词汇:fascinating(adj. 迷人的)

相关词汇:interest(v. 使感兴趣)

衍生词:interesting(adj. 有趣的)

例句:Van Gogh's paintings are fascinating.

例句:Van Gogh's paintings fascinate me.

enlist

/ɪnˈlɪst/

v. 取得......的帮助;招募......加入军队

例句:Many companies enlist the help of experts.

expertise

/ˌek.spɝːˈtiːz/

n. 专门知识,专门技能

相关词汇:expert(n. 专家)

搭配短语:expertise in

搭配短语:expertise in the management of hotels

portrayal

/pɔːrˈtreɪ.əl/

n. 描绘,描写

相关词汇:portray(v. 描绘,描写)

例句:The movie is an accurate portrayal of the war.

depiction

/dɪˈpɪk.ʃən/

n. 描绘,描写

近义词:portrayal

搭配短语:the depiction of the country's history

相关词汇:depict

近义词:portray

dispatch

/dɪˈspætʃ/

v. 派遣

英文释义:to send someone or something quickly to a particular place for a particular purpose

例句:Medical workers will be immediately dispatched to the area.

co**onaut

/ˈkɑːz.mə.nɑːt/

n.(苏联或俄罗斯的)宇航员

相关词汇:astronaut(n. 宇航员)

foe

/foʊ/

n. 敌人

近义词:enemy

endeavour

/enˈdev.ɚ/

n. 事业,活动;勤奋,努力

英文释义:an enterprise or undertaking

搭配短语:political endeavor

搭配短语:artistic endeavor

crew

/kruː/

n. 专业团队;全体船员;飞机全体工作人员

搭配短语:an ambulance crew

roll

/roʊl/

v. 开始运转;滚动

例句:The ball rolled down the hill.

例句:The cameras started to roll.

lift-off

/ˈlɪft.ɑːf/

n. 发射,起飞

相关词汇:lift off((火箭或飞机)起飞,升空)

例句:Thousands of people watched the liftoff of spaceship Shenzhou-13.

Messrs

/ˈmes.ɚz/

n. 先生(Mr. 的复数)

文化拓展:画线词 Messrs 源自法语,是 Mr. 的复数形式,用在两个或多个人名之前,是一个比较正式的用法。

scarce

/skers/

adj. 稀少的

英文释义:not easy to find

搭配短语:scare resources

make it to

在......获得成功

搭配短语:make it to the finals

搭配短语:make it to the managements

rekindle

/ˌriːˈkɪn.dəl/

v. 再次点燃,重新激起

相关词汇:kindle(v. 点燃;激发,引起)

搭配短语:to kindle a fire

搭配短语:to kindle the interest in art

词根词缀:re-(再次)

搭配短语:rekindle an old romance

celestial

/sɪˈles.tʃəl/

adj. 天上的

英文释义:relating to the sky or heaven

搭配短语:celestial bodies

strive

/straɪv/

v. 努力,奋斗

英文释义:to try very hard to do something

搭配短语:strive to do sth.

例句:I am striving to succeed.

popularise

/ˈpɑː.pjə.lə.raɪz/

v. 普及,推广

相关词汇:popular(adj. 受欢迎的)

词根词缀:-ise(使变得)

例句:The Winter Olympics Games popularised skiing.

infinity

/ɪnˈfɪn.ə.t̬i/

n. 无限

相关词汇:infinite(adj. 无限的,无尽的)

近义词:endless

搭配短语:the infinity of space

文化拓展:“To infinity, and beyong." 来自动画片《玩具总动员》,是巴斯光年经常说的“飞向宇宙,浩瀚无垠”。

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race is under way — between film-makers

一场新的太空竞赛正在电影工作者之间展开

Film-makers have been fascinated by space for well over a century. Producers often enlist the expertise of theoretical physicists and former astronauts in order to create a faithful portrayal of space travel.

在超过一个世纪的时间里,电影工作者一直对太空着迷。制片人经常寻求理论物理学家和前宇航员的专业帮助,想以此展现太空旅行的真实写照。

The most realistic depiction yet may arrive on screens in 2022. In October 2021 Rosco**os, Russia's space agency, sent an actor and a director to the International Space Station (ISS) to film scenes for "Vyzov" ("The Challenge"). The story follows a surgeon as she is dispatched to operate on a co**onaut before he can return to Earth.

到目前为止对太空最真实的描绘,可能会在 2022 年出现在银幕上。2021 年 10 月,俄罗斯的太空总署——俄罗斯联邦航天局——把一名演员和一名导演送往国际空间站(ISS),为电影《维佐夫》(《挑战》)拍摄一些场景。这个故事讲述的是,一名外科医生被派去给一位尚未返回地球的宇航员做手术。

The Russian film-makers are hoping to beat old foes in their creative endeavour: in May 2020 an American film crew, led by director Doug Liman and star Tom Cruise, announced its intention to get their own cameras rolling on the ISS with the help of NASA and SpaceX.

俄罗斯电影工作者们希望在创造性事业中击败宿敌:2020 年 5 月,一个由导演道格·里曼和影星汤姆·克鲁斯领导的美国电影制作组宣布,他们将在美国宇航局和 SpaceX 的帮助下,前往国际空间站拍摄。

It seems, however, that Russia was better prepared for lift-off. Although Messrs Liman and Cruise were also hoping to begin filming in October 2021, further details about this endeavour remain scarce.

然而,俄罗斯方面似乎为飞去太空拍摄做了更充足的准备。尽管里曼先生和克鲁斯先生也希望能在 2021 年 10 月开始拍摄,但是进一步关于这个项目的细节仍然很少。

Whenever these tales make it to the big screen, both are hoping to rekindle a public passion for celestial exploration. Rosco**os has said it strives to "popularise Russia's space activities".

无论这两个故事何时会出现在大银幕上,二者都希望重新点燃公众对天体探索的热情。俄罗斯联邦航天局表示,它将努力“普及俄罗斯的太空活动”。

Similarly, when announcing the Hollywood project, Jim Bridenstine, a former administrator at NASA, said that "we need popular media to inspire a new generation of engineers and scientists to make [NASA's] ambitious plans a reality." To infinity, perhaps, and beyond.

同样,在这个好莱坞项目被宣布时,前美国航天局局长吉姆·布里登斯汀表示:“我们需要大众媒体来激励新一代的工程师和科学家,使美国航天局的雄心壮志成为现实。”飞向宇宙,也许,还有浩瀚无垠。

主编:刘颖楠、Lucky

品控:刘颖楠、XP、Luni

审核:Lucky

重点词汇

under way

进行中;(船或火车)启动,启航

例句:The ship finally got under way.

例句:Preparations are under way.

fascinate

/ˈfæs.ən.eɪt/

v. 使着迷

相关词汇:fascinating(adj. 迷人的)

相关词汇:interest(v. 使感兴趣)

衍生词:interesting(adj. 有趣的)

例句:Van Gogh's paintings are fascinating.

例句:Van Gogh's paintings fascinate me.

enlist

/ɪnˈlɪst/

v. 取得......的帮助;招募......加入军队

例句:Many companies enlist the help of experts.

expertise

/ˌek.spɝːˈtiːz/

n. 专门知识,专门技能

相关词汇:expert(n. 专家)

搭配短语:expertise in

搭配短语:expertise in the management of hotels

portrayal

/pɔːrˈtreɪ.əl/

n. 描绘,描写

相关词汇:portray(v. 描绘,描写)

例句:The movie is an accurate portrayal of the war.

depiction

/dɪˈpɪk.ʃən/

n. 描绘,描写

近义词:portrayal

搭配短语:the depiction of the country's history

相关词汇:depict

近义词:portray

dispatch

/dɪˈspætʃ/

v. 派遣

英文释义:to send someone or something quickly to a particular place for a particular purpose

例句:Medical workers will be immediately dispatched to the area.

co**onaut

/ˈkɑːz.mə.nɑːt/

n.(苏联或俄罗斯的)宇航员

相关词汇:astronaut(n. 宇航员)

foe

/foʊ/

n. 敌人

近义词:enemy

endeavour

/enˈdev.ɚ/

n. 事业,活动;勤奋,努力

英文释义:an enterprise or undertaking

搭配短语:political endeavor

搭配短语:artistic endeavor

crew

/kruː/

n. 专业团队;全体船员;飞机全体工作人员

搭配短语:an ambulance crew

roll

/roʊl/

v. 开始运转;滚动

例句:The ball rolled down the hill.

例句:The cameras started to roll.

lift-off

/ˈlɪft.ɑːf/

n. 发射,起飞

相关词汇:lift off((火箭或飞机)起飞,升空)

例句:Thousands of people watched the liftoff of spaceship Shenzhou-13.

Messrs

/ˈmes.ɚz/

n. 先生(Mr. 的复数)

文化拓展:画线词 Messrs 源自法语,是 Mr. 的复数形式,用在两个或多个人名之前,是一个比较正式的用法。

scarce

/skers/

adj. 稀少的

英文释义:not easy to find

搭配短语:scare resources

make it to

在......获得成功

搭配短语:make it to the finals

搭配短语:make it to the managements

rekindle

/ˌriːˈkɪn.dəl/

v. 再次点燃,重新激起

相关词汇:kindle(v. 点燃;激发,引起)

搭配短语:to kindle a fire

搭配短语:to kindle the interest in art

词根词缀:re-(再次)

搭配短语:rekindle an old romance

celestial

/sɪˈles.tʃəl/

adj. 天上的

英文释义:relating to the sky or heaven

搭配短语:celestial bodies

strive

/straɪv/

v. 努力,奋斗

英文释义:to try very hard to do something

搭配短语:strive to do sth.

例句:I am striving to succeed.

popularise

/ˈpɑː.pjə.lə.raɪz/

v. 普及,推广

相关词汇:popular(adj. 受欢迎的)

词根词缀:-ise(使变得)

例句:The Winter Olympics Games popularised skiing.

infinity

/ɪnˈfɪn.ə.t̬i/

n. 无限

相关词汇:infinite(adj. 无限的,无尽的)

近义词:endless

搭配短语:the infinity of space

文化拓展:“To infinity, and beyong." 来自动画片《玩具总动员》,是巴斯光年经常说的“飞向宇宙,浩瀚无垠”。

英语语法原则默契三原则

英语默契三原则是指语法一致、意义一致、就近一致!我在这里整理了相关资料,希望能帮助到您。

默契三原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致

主°谓°一°致°

主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,

主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致,

语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致,

意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致,

就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。

1语法一致原则

Both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。

主语Parents为复数,故谓语动词用are

2意义一致原则

Paris is among the largest cities in the world.

巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。

主语Paris以s结尾,长得像复数,实则为单数,故谓语动词用is

2-1意义一致的三个典型用法

形式上虽为单数,但意义为复数名词

如the police, people, cattle等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

如:Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。The police were called in. 警察被召来了。

people 作“民族”解时,其单数形式为people,复数形式为peoples,

作主语时,应用语法一致原则。

如:The Chinese people is a great people.

中华民族是一个伟大的民族。

56 peoples make up the big family of China. 56个民族构成中国这个大家庭。

2-2

主语是指一类人的“the+形容词(或过去分词)”时,谓语动词通常用复数

这类词有:the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等。

另外,像the Chinese, the British, the Irish

等表示一个国家或民族的人的总称,作主语时,谓语动词也用复数。

如:The injured were taken to hospital. 受伤的人都送进了医院。The English do not drink much wine. 英国人不喝很多酒。

2-2-A

A.The + 形容词指人做主语时,谓语动词一般用第三人称复数形式。

如:

(1) The poor were usually looked down upon by the rich.

过去,穷人常被富人瞧不起。

(2) The wounded have been taken good care of in the hospital.

伤员在医院受到了很好的照护。

人毕竟是可数的

2-2-B

B.The + 形容词指抽象概念做主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。

如:The decayed has been thrown away. 腐烂的东西已经被扔掉了。

东西毕竟是不可数的

2-3

形式上为复数,而意义上却是单数的名词,

如news, mathematics, physics,politics, economics

及以s结尾的书名、国名等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

如:Mathematics is the language of science. 数学是科学语言。

His “Selected Poems” was first published in 1965.

他的诗歌选集最早是1965年出版的。

3就近一致原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词

Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it. 老师和学生对此都不感兴趣。

3-1

连词or, not…but…, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接的并列主语,谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致

如:Not his parents but he doesn’t want to go. 是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去。

Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是刚来这里。

Does neither he nor his clas**ates know the secret? 他和他的同学都不知道这个秘密吗?Do neither his clas**ates nor he know the secret?

注意疑问句中助动词保持就近

3-2

当there be后有两个或几个并列的主语时,

be的数由与其靠得最近的那个主语一致。

如:There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 盘子里有一个苹果,两个梨子和一些桔子。

There are two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate. 盘子里有两个梨子,一些桔子和一个苹果。

英语作文中的选词

原则一:晚词优先

老师偏爱“学得晚”的单词,因为使用学得比较晚的单词,可以体现一个人“学以致用”的意识。如果一个意思既可以用初中单词来表达,又可以用高二、高三单词来表达,那尽量选择高二、高三的单词,如:

(1)adj.困难的

黯然低分词:difficult

闪光高分词:challenging 有挑战性的

(2)adj.重要的

黯然低分词:important

闪光高分词:vital 至关重要的; essential 必不可少的; significant 有重要意义的

(3)adj.美丽的

黯然低分词:beautiful

闪光高分词:appealing动人的; attractive 吸引人的; charming迷人的; fascinating 迷人的

注:以上五个词既能修饰人,又能修饰物,非常好用,务必记熟!

原则二:短语优先

在阅卷老师看来,活用短语是一个考生能力的体现。因此,我们可以掌握一些将某些常见单词转化为短语的用法,如:

(4)v. 参加

黯然低分词:join

闪光高分词:take part in; participate in

(5)v. 使用

黯然低分词:use

闪光高分词:make good use of

(6)v. 拜访

黯然低分词:visit

闪光高分词:pay a visit to

(7)最常见的换词手段:形容词=of+同根名词

黯然低分词:very important 重要的; very difficult 困难的; very beautiful 美丽的; very useful 有用的; very helpful 有帮助的; very harmful 有害的; very valuable 有价值的;very significant 至关重要的; very necessary 必要的

闪光高分词:of great importance; of great difficulty; of great beauty; of great use;of great help; of great harm; of great value; of great significance; of great necessity

原则三:“具体化”单词优先

请先对比以下几组句子:

【例句1】I go to school everyday.

【例句2】I ride to school everyday.

很多同学都能感觉到例句2要比例句1好。究其原因,是例句2中的 ride 比例句1中的 go 更加具体:go只表达了“去”的意思,而ride不但表达出“去”的意思,还能表达出具体的交通方式。也就是说,例句2表达的信息量比例句1更加丰富。

再如:

【例句3】Mr Wang is a good teacher.

【例句4】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher.

例句3只表达出Mr Wang是一个“好”老师,而到底“好”在哪些方面,却没有具体说清楚; 例句4则清楚地告诉读者,Mr Wang好在三个方面:和蔼(kind)、耐心(patient)以及知识丰富(knowledgeable)。

因此,我们必须学会换用更为具体的单词表达我们的思想,如:

(8)v. 学习

黯然低分词:learn

闪光高分词:research研究; pick up偶然学到,顺便学到,轻松学到; master掌握

(9)n. 好老师

黯然低分词:a good teacher

闪光高分词:a kind, patient and knowledgeable English teacher 一个善良、耐心、博学的老师

当然,除了替换某些表意抽象的单词,我们还可以通过增加细节成分,使表达更为具体,如,例句2可以加上同伴、心情等信息,进一步改写成:

【例句5】I,together with Tom and Jerry, rode to the Zhongshan park yesterday,feeling rather excited.

同样的,例句4也可以加上一个定语从句,写出Mr Wang到底擅长哪些事情,如:

【例句6】Mr Wang is a kind, patient and knowledgeable teacher who knows how to enlighten us students.

可以看到,例句5和例句6两个句子采用“具体化”的手段,将原本毫无生气的句子顿时变得生动形象了。

综上所述,想让你的表达“具体化”,一共有两种常用方法,其一,是换掉某些表意不明确的单词,换上表意更加明确具体的单词; 其二,是在句中适当增加细节成分。“具体化”的好处,是让句子的含义更加丰富,让读者更容易由句子展开丰富的联想,随着作者一起经历、一起思考、一起感动。在平时的学习、训练中,与其生硬地使用超纲词汇,不如好好熟悉大纲单词,用好“具体化”的两种方法,为你的作文增光添彩。

事实上,“具体化”在汉语写作中也有同样的体现。比如,要表达“惜别”的感情,光说“再见”是不够的,应该像诗人那样,用具体化的细节带动感情,写出梦幻般的文字:“让我与你握别/ 再轻轻抽出我的手/ 知道思念从此生根/ 浮云白日/ 山川庄严温柔......”

这就是“具体化”的作用,你体会到了吗?

原则四:大纲词汇的衍生词优先

在高中英语中,我们已经涉及到了词根词缀的知识。运用这些知识,可以将很多高中词汇衍生为四六级词汇甚至托福、雅思词汇。如果能够熟练使用一两个这种词汇,你的作文肯定“碉堡了”!

举例如下,看看后面的替换词都是由哪些单词变来的?

(10)adj. 当然地

黯然低分词:certainly

闪光高分词:obviously 明显地; undoubtedly 毫无疑问地; evidently显然地;

(11)adj. 不开心的

黯然低分词:sad

闪光高分词:discouraged气馁的; depressed沮丧的; downhearted垂头丧气的; low-spirited意志消沉的

可以看出,这里列举的“大纲词汇衍生词”看上去都相当“有水平”,但都是由大纲中的简单单词加上某些前缀、后缀变来的,可以说又好记,又好用,你学会了吗?

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