culture shock 文化冲击的含义。用英文哦

The cultural incompatibility of a person moving from his inherent cultural environment to a new cultural environment.

文化冲击指的是一个人从其固有的文化环境迁移到新的文化环境的文化不相容性。

After the Second World War, with the massive movement of the population, a large number of immigrants were born.

第二次世界大战后，随着人口的大规模流动，大量**诞生了。

They moved from one country to a new country, moving from a cultural background to a new cultural background, waiting for them to be many cross-cultural psychosocial problems. The word "cultural shock" came into being.

他们从一个国家迁移到一个新的国家，从文化背景转向新的文化背景，等待他们成为许多跨文化的心理社会问题。 “文化冲击”这个词应运而生。

Cultural shocks can be multifaceted, from climate, diet, language, clothing, to behavior, population density, political and economic environment, etc.; both physical factors and more spiritual factors.

文化冲击可以是多方面的，从气候，饮食，语言，服装到行为，人口密度，政治和经济环境等; 物理因素和更多精神因素。

In a brand-new cultural environment, cultural shocks make the affected people feel at a loss, and even the entire psychological balance and value judgment criteria are completely lost.

在一个崭新的文化环境中，文化冲击使受影响的人感到茫然，甚至整个心理平衡和价值判断标准也完全丧失了。

The performance of cultural shocks is: depression, depression, confusion, anxiety, loneliness.

文化冲击的表现是：抑郁，抑郁，困惑，焦虑，孤独。

扩展资料

文化冲击有很多阶段：

一开始，初到一个新的环境，一切都是新鲜的，充满新奇的感觉。这时，精神是愉快的，这是你与新环境的蜜月阶段。可惜好景不长，就在你还没有充分享受到新婚的幸福时，蜜月就被许许多多生活上的琐碎打破。

一开始很可能是语言障碍，即使你受过很好的语言训练，比如，你上学时英语课的成绩单一直是你的骄傲，但这次你四周都是一张张讲着浓重伦敦音的嘴，你可能有很多地方听不懂；

或者你本来就很喜欢这样的一口伦敦音，仍会有无穷的问题等着你：比如你不知道如何开一个**户头，不会使用提款机；上餐馆时你不知道怎样点菜，点的菜不知合不合口，结账时不知道小费该付多少；

最让你焦虑的可能是你内急的时候不知道厕所在哪儿，好不容易找到厕所后又偏偏是你一点也认不出的当地文字标示的“男”和“女”……诸如此类的问题，使你开始怀念家乡，逐渐把遥远的家乡美化为陶渊明老先生的桃花源。

你甚至开始怀疑，你为什么要“背井离乡，浪迹天涯”的“革命”动机，你最想做的事情可能是马上买一张机票飞回故乡的桃花源。

再后来，经过相当长时期的一波又一波的冲击后，你开始慢慢地适应了新的环境，曾经的冲击和许许多多新鲜感一同演变为“熟视”，最终是变为“无睹”。你可能终于从一轮文化冲击的枪林弹雨之中冲杀出来，没有逃之夭夭，但切不可放松警惕，前面可能还会有新一轮的冲击向你袭来。

参考资料来源：百度百科—文化冲击

关于兴趣的英语名言

1、具有偷闲本领的人则往往有广泛的兴趣和强烈的个性。

People with leisure skills tend to have a wide range of interests and strong personality.

2、人们对真理的兴趣并没有像对自我那么有兴趣。

People are not as interested in truth as they are in themselves.

3、天才就是强烈的兴趣和顽强的入迷。

Genius is intense interest and stubborn obsession.

4、兴趣意味着沉沦，当你对一个人产生兴趣的时候，你离爱上他也不远了。

Interest means sinking. When you are interested in someone, you are not far from falling in love with him.

5、自己对什么最感兴趣，除非你先谈起你并不太感兴趣的事情。我是说有时候你自己简直做不了主。

What interests you most unless you first talk about something you are not very interested in? I mean sometimes you just can't make your own decisions.

6、救救孩子，让孩子本着自己的兴趣多读书吧！

Save the children and let them read more books according to their own interests.

7、真实的世界使我感兴趣，因为它是可塑的。

The real world interests me because it is plastic.

8、几乎没有人会记得他所丝毫不感兴趣的事情。

Few people remember anything that he was not interested in at all.

9、一个有勃勃生机与广泛兴趣的人，可以战胜一切不幸。

A person with vigor and broad interests can overe all misfortunes.

10、学问必须合乎自己的兴趣，方可得益。

Learning must conform to one's own interests before one can benefit from it.

11、没有兴趣，就不存在成功。唯有兴趣可以使人快乐！

Without interest, there is no success. Only interest can make people happy!

12、每个兴趣都是生活的一个支点，支点越多，你的生活越不容易崩溃。

Every interest is a fulcrum of life. The more fulcrums there are, the less likely your life will collapse.

13、任何事情，到了明天，都会比今天更少使人感兴趣。

Anything, by tomorrow, will be less interesting than today.

14、幸福的秘诀是：尽量扩大你的兴趣范围，对感兴趣的人和物尽可能友善。

The secret of happiness is to broaden your range of interests and be as friendly as possible to the people and things you are interested in.

15、所有的天才都有自己的兴趣。同样每一个人都有自己的兴趣，那么世界就有无数个天才。

All geniuses have their own interests. Similarly, everyone has their own interests, so there are innumerable geniuses in the world.

16、对所学知识内容的兴趣可能成为学习动机。

Interest in the content of knowledge may be a motivation for learning.

17、学问必须合乎自己的兴趣，方才可以得益。

Learning must be in keeping with one's own interests in order to benefit.

18、一个人对外在的兴趣是需要培养和练习的。

A person's interest in the outside world needs to be cultivated and practiced.

19、我已经没有时间去对我不感兴趣的事情再产生兴趣。

I don't have time to get interested in something I'm not interested in anymore.

20、就他而言，希望她感兴趣的是事情本身，而不是因为他又兴趣才跟着凑趣。

As far as he is concerned, he wants her to be interested in the things themselves, not just because he is interested in them.

21、你兴趣所在的地方，也就是你能力所在的地方。

Where you are interested is where you are capable.

22、女人改造男人的唯一办法就是缠得他丧失了对生活的一切兴趣。

The only way a woman can transform a man is to tease him out of all interest in life.

23、经济趋势研究专家、财经评论家时寒冰。

Experts on economic trends and financial mentators are frozen.

24、极其单调的生活，能够使人丧失生存下去的兴趣与勇气。

Extremely monotonous life can make people lose the interest and courage to survive.

25、真正的闲暇并不是说什么也不做，而是能够自由地做自己感兴趣的事情。

The real leisure is not to say or do nothing, but to be free to do what you are interested in.

26、女人对色情画没有兴趣，她们真正的兴趣在于她们内在的过程。

Women are not interested in *** ography. Their real interest lies in their internal process.

27、有些人那么聪明，以至于你会怀疑还有什么事能使他们感兴趣。

Some people are so *** art that you wonder what else interests them.

28、对于感兴趣的事会很努力的人，自然会对于不感兴趣的事会很不努力。

People who work hard at things they are interested in will naturally work hard at things they are not interested in.

29、真理没有轰动效应。而大众对轰动的东西感兴趣，他们对了解真理不感兴趣。

Truth has no sensational effect. The public is interested in sensational things, but they are not interested in understanding the truth.

30、兴趣最狭窄的人懂得最少，然而什么都感兴趣的人则什么都不懂。

The person with the narrowest interest knows the least, but the person who is interested in everything knows nothing.

31、兴趣意味着自我活动。兴趣须是多方面的，因此，要求多方面的活动。

Interest means self-activity. Interest must be multifaceted, so it requires multifaceted activities.

32、兴趣是成功最好的老师，就因为小时候画画，我才有兴趣成为漫画家。

Interest is the best teacher for success. I am interested in being a cartoonist because I painted when I was a child.

33、为何男人对女人感兴趣的程度，那么远超过女人对男人感兴趣的程度？

Why are men more interested in women than women in men?

34、商人的兴趣就在那些能找到财富的地方。

Busines *** en's interests lie in places where they can find wealth.

35、惟有对外界事物抱有兴趣才能保持人们精神上的健康。

Only by being interested in the outside world can people maintain their mental health.

谁能告诉我 multifacetedness是什么意思？我没有拼错哦%>_

“多面性”，“多层次性”的意思。全句意思是“教学环境的多面性鲜明地反映了实际教学的复杂性”。

什么是MR16

MR16 在照明行业里指最大外径为2英寸的带多面反射罩的灯具，

看这些图：

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灯具的型号由英文字母和数字组成。

MR 是英文 Multifaceted （Mirror）Reflector 的缩写，意思是一种由多个反射面组合成的反射器。

数字表示灯泡最大外形的尺寸，为1/8英寸的倍数。所以“16”就表示灯具的最大外径尺寸是2英寸。

雅思写作范文精讲：晚要孩子

　 　 雅思写作的话题比较广，晚要孩子就属于社会类话题，也会考到，下面我给大家带来雅思写作 范文 精讲：晚要孩子。

        雅思写作范文：晚生孩子

Nowadays people are becoming parents later in life. Some think it is not a good development for the family and for the country. Do you agree or disagree with it? Give your opinion.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Parenting may be as late as possible, but not later. Research shows that by the age of 30, a woman's chances of conceiving begin to dwindle. There are advantages to having children young, although these days life is rarely that simple. The argument is that, if people want children at all, it is better to start as early as possible for the development of the family and the country.

Good or bad, late parenting is a new fashion. Despite cases related to unwanted teenage pregnancies, many people choose to become parents later in life. This social mainstream is particularly obvious among people of the middle class in most developed countries. It is clear enough that many women are putting off babies for career and financial reasons. Besides, if people are planning a one-child or two-child family, there is indeed no such a hurry to be 'in the family way' like those old-fashioned women a couple of generations ago. No wonder that people prefer to wait until they think they are 'ready' to become parents, no matter how late it might be or what could happen as a result.

Relatively, the consequences are more negative than positive, not just for the family but also for the country. Generally speaking, late parenthood would mean a surplus of old people and not enough workers. This is likely to stymie the country's economy. In contrast, more teenage mothers would mean a population--economic--boom. Based on this presumption, women should finish having their families when they are younger (than 30) and then have more years of employment ahead of them. As expected, their children would also sooner come into the labor force and add to the national economic growth.

In sum, there seem to be alarm bells on late parenting because this could benefit neither the development of the family nor the society in the economic context. While the decision to become parents later in life is personal, even realistic; the time for a woman to get pregnant is certainly not 'forever'. In parenting, it is one thing that modern people do not desire having one too many, but it is quite another to be too late to become parents for at least once.

4月8日雅思大 作文 范文 晚要孩子的利弊

In many countries, people decide to have children at later age than in the past.

Why?

Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

在很多国家，人们和过去相比决定晚要孩子。

为什么?

这种发展的利是不是大于弊?

Sample Writing:

The average age of couples entering parenthood is increasing in all continents. The possible reasons include social value and advancement of medical tech. This essay will explain the reasons of this phenomenon in more detail and examine the beneficial and detrimental effects of the trend.

parenthood 亲子关系;为人父母

A vital reason for parents determining to have kids later in their lives than before is the varied social value. In the past, people regarded the family relationship and union as the primary issue, and having offspring to inherit the family tradition and business used to be of significant importance. However, in modern society, the accelerated pace of life has made people stressful, and the whole society judge an individual by monetary things far more than the identity of parents. The full time parents are facing the pressure of being eliminated by society, as a result, they choose to focus on getting promotion, earning money, and climbing up the social ladder, since this is how success is defined. Another essential cause of late parenthood is that the oocyte freezing technic has made it possible for professional females to pregnant in their forties or even fifties. Thus, more families decide to have children when they are of sufficient capability to raise them up.

vital 至关重要的

accelerated 加速的

monetary 金钱的

define 定义(v.)

oocyte freezing 冻卵

There are both advantages as well as disadvantages of delaying having the first baby. It is commonly recognized that there is a higher risk for middle aged pregnant women to suffer from gestational complications. Also, they may be infertility as female’s fertility begins to decrease at their middle thirties. The risks of older parenthood also include having less energy and involvement in the children's lives. No one wants to be the fuddy duddy.

gestational 妊娠期的

complications 并发症

fertility 生育能力

fuddy duddy 老古董

However, the late embarking on parenthood has more benefits. It is evident that parents will have more accrued experience, time and money to provide their children better care and education. Demonstrating this, it is much more possible for middle aged parents to negotiateflexible work schedules or have chance to do home based work. What’s more, their maturedmentality make midlife parenting more scientific and rational. Illustrating this, it can be seen how older parents’ rich knowledge and life philosophy help their next generation to form a positive attitude towards life and be capable of dealing with tough challenges.

embark on 开始着手做某事

accrued 累计的

negotiate 交涉，谈判

flexible 灵活的

work schedule 工作时间

mature 成熟

mentality 心智

philosophy 哲学，理念

Despite the multifaceted reasons of delayed parenthood, it is not a problematic issue. As I see, when parents are better self-established in later life, their descendant can benefit more both substantially and spiritually.

multifaceted 多层面的

problematic 有问题的

descendant 子孙，后裔

substantially 实质上地

spiritually 精神上地

雅思考试大作文范文:晚生孩子的好坏

雅思大作文题目：晚生孩子的好坏

雅思大作文范文：

Parenting may be as late as possible, but not later.Research shows that by the age of 30, a woman's chances of conceiving begin to dwindle.There are advantages to having children young, although these days life is rarely that simple.The argument is that, if people want children at all, it is better to start as early as possible forthe development of the family and the country.

Good or bad, late parenting is a new fashion. Despite cases related to unwanted teenagepregnancies, many people choose to become parents later in life. This social mainstream isparticularly obvious among people of the middle class in most developed countries. It is clearenough that many women are putting off babies for career and financial reasons. Besides, ifpeople are planning a one-child or two-child family, there is indeed no such a hurry to be "in thefamily way" like those old-fashioned women a couple of generations ago. No wonder that peopleprefer to wait until they think they are "ready" to become parents, no matter how late it mightbe or what could happen as a result.

Relatively, the consequences are more negative than positive, not just for the family but alsofor the country. Generally speaking, late parenthood would mean a surplus of old people andnot enough workers. This is likely to stymie the country's economy. In contrast, more teenagemothers would mean a population—economic—boom. Based on this presumption, womenshould finish having their families when they are younger (than 30) and then have more yearsof employment ahead of them. As expected, their children would also sooner come into thelabor force and add to the national economic growth.

In sum, there seem to be alarm bells on late parenting because this could benefit neither thedevelopment of the family nor the society in the economic context. While the decision tobecome parents later in life is personal, even realistic; the time for a woman to get pregnant iscertainly not "forever". In parenting, it is one thing that modern people do not desire havingone too many, but it is quite another to be too late to become parents for at least once.

5月21日雅思写作解析：晚要小孩的原因和利弊

TASK2 Nowadays men and women in many countries decide to have babies at an older age. What are the reasons? What effects does this trend have on our society and family life?

育原因?无非就是“钱”和“闲”的问题呗，想想现在养个孩子的开销那是duang duang的往上涨呀，加上我天朝婴幼食品出现过的问题，本妈咪团集体变海淘。产品牌不要怪妈咪们崇洋**，只是你们的所作所为让妈咪们太伤心呀。不好意思，扯远了，Let’s keep on track.除了这个，还有刚才我们提到的“闲”的问题。现代庭大部分青年夫妻双双都是上班族，面对自己各自高强度的工作量和压力，根本就很难有什么时间去照顾一个新生命，有些甚至因为各自工作导致两地分居，连婚姻都很难维系，更不必说去照顾小朋友了。突然觉得双职工庭的我们，内心已然崩溃了。

晚育影响?Women with advanced maternal age高龄产妇这个概念大应该不会陌生吧，有研究表明，高龄产妇在baby遗传一些先天疾病和自己产后得diabetes糖尿病和high blood pressure高血压方面几率都会高很多。对身体的影响也许随着医疗科技的发展，可以逐渐获得改善，还有一个更重要的就是对孩子的 教育 问题。由于父母和孩子之间年龄差距过大代沟大，导致沟通障碍互相之间不理解。又或者老来得子，对于孩子的过分溺爱，尤其中以前提倡的one-child policy更是加重了这种情况，培养出类似某小霸王这种.种，何尝不是一种悲剧呢?

给大提供点思路，至于怎么样把它完美呈现出来美晕考官，那就来环球教育上上花姐的课就知道啦!下面附上在雅思写作生育方面可供参考的词汇，不谢哦!

人口生育

常住人口 permanent population 流动人口 floating population

盲流 the unemployed migrant people 劳动力 labor force

外来工 migrant worker 临时工 seasonal worker

人口普查 census 人口基数 population base

人口稠密 densely populated 人口稀少 sparsely populated

人**炸 population explosion 人口过剩 overpopulation

出生率 birth rate 死亡率 mortality rate

自然增长率 natural growth rate 人口老化 aging of population

合法婚龄 legal age for marriage 结婚高峰 marriage boom

生育高峰 baby boom period 计划生育 family planning

提倡优生优育,鼓励晚婚晚育 advocate healthy pregnancy and scientific nurture, and encourage late marriage and postponed child-bearing

破除重男轻女习俗 change attitude of viewing sons as better than daughters

多子多福 the more sons, the more blessings

男尊女卑 Man is superior to woman 传宗接代 carry on the family line

养儿防老 bring up sons to support parents in their old age 避孕 contraception

避孕用品 contraceptives 人工流产 abortion

节育 birth control 产妇 lying-in women

婚前检查 premarriage health checkings

孕产妇死亡率 maternal mortality rate 婴儿死亡率 infant mortality rate

节育率(避孕率) contraceptive prevalence rate

总和生育率 total fertility rate(tfr) 平均预期寿命 life expectancy at birth

每年人口增加数 annual increment of the population

人口基数大 large population base 平均年增长数 average annual increase

平均年增长率 average annual growth rate 城市化 urbanization

人口流动 movement of population 流动人口 floating population

人口老龄化 the aging of population 更替水平 population replacement level

社会计划障体系 social security system

农村剩余劳力的转移 the transfer of rural surplus labors

正规的学校教育 formal school education

计划生育政策符合中情，符合整个的利益。 The family control policy suits China’s basic conditions and serves the interests of the whole nation.

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如何通过精读提高雅思阅读部分

雅思阅读备考中精读的好处

提升词汇知识，包括学科核心生词，同义词替换等;

掌握更多句法，学会分解读懂长难句;

学习文章结构，提高雅思写作水平。

总之，精读文章是放长线钓大鱼，坚持下去，会实现词汇、句法上的突破，提升阅读成绩以及写作水平。每个人的情况不同，也可以登录文都国际教育官网进行一对一的咨询。

具体怎么精读?

在精读前，大家要准备好剑桥真题、铅笔、荧光笔、笔记本等工具，然后按照词汇、句子、篇章、题目的顺序依次进行分析。

词汇：实在不认识就蒙+猜，

对很多考鸭来说，雅思阅读中最大的bug莫过于生词太多，所以大家首先要突破生词障碍，才能读下去。大家可以将不认识的词，用荧光笔标注序号并整理到单词本中。

那么问题来了，

是不是逢生词必查?

查词是不是只需要记住意思?

除了生词，还需要记什么?

1.查清楚并掌握生词是必要的，但首先要猜词，因为真正的考试中不允许带字典等其他工具。那么怎么猜词?

大家可以通过上下文的时态、逻辑关系或词根词缀猜测出生词的意思。

如剑4,Test1,Passage1：

Many studies have shown that children harbor misconceptions about 'pure'

curriculum science.These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become

incorporated into a multifaceted,

but organized, conceptual framework,making it and the

component ideas,some of which are erroneous, more robust

but also accessible to modification.

如果你不认识这一段中的multifaceted一词，那么我们可以联系上下文猜测它的意思，我们看到前面提到这些误解不是isolated

，再通过but这个转折，可以判断multifaceted应该是与isolated (单独的)相反的意思，并且multi-是一个前缀，表示

“多”的意思，所以可以猜出multifaceted是“多层面”的意思。

然而，并不是每个生词都需要记住：

如果因为不认识某个词就看不懂这句话，那一定要查并记住这个词;

如果一个生词并不影响你理解这句话，那就根据时间安排选择是否识别记忆这个词，不需要死记硬背。

2.中国考鸭习惯记生词只记其对应的中文意思，但如果你想真正地掌握这个词，就应该掌握它的具体用法包括搭配，尤其是动词，从而将来能灵活运用到写作中去。

3.除了记生词外，我们还要积累文中出现的同义词。同义替换是雅思阅读的考察重点和出题点，另外大家也可以借鉴到雅思写作中去，别忘了词语多样性是写作评分标准之一哦!

4.在精读几篇同类文章后，如生物类文章，将其中学科核心词汇整理到一起，以后再遇到生物类的文章，就能够快速读懂。

句子：雅思阅读中存在很多长难句，许多烤鸭经常是云里雾里，搞不清楚句子中谁是什么成分、谁在修饰谁，分分钟被绕晕。

但对于长难句，我们不需要抽丝剥茧，只需要简单粗暴地抓主干，切割主谓宾，即搞清楚：谁，做了什么。在三个成分中，谓语最好找，一般就是动词词组构成。

篇章：这是玩套路的Part!

我们要从宏观角度弄清文章段落逻辑，这个文章怎么就长成这个样子?

搞清楚每个段落的大意及主题句，文章段落间的逻辑关系(划出逻辑标志词)，文章整体结构是如何展开的，通过分析，你就会发现雅思阅读文章“套路”满满!

套路一：读头读尾，找出每段中心句!

以剑4,Test1,Passage1为例：

Many studies have shown that children harbor misconceptions about'pure'

curriculum science. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become

incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it

and the component ideas,some of which are erroneous, more robust but also

accessible to modification. These ideas may be developed by children absorbing

ideas through the popular media. Sometimes this information may be erroneous. It

seems schools may not be providing an opportunity for children to re-express

their ideas and so have them tested and refined by teachers and their peers.

这一段的首句为主题句，下面的内容是具体展开的阐述。

套路二：雅思阅读一身学术范儿，文章也是有模板!

雅思阅读的学术性特点限制着文章结构必须符合一定的学术规范，所以文章层次结构相对固定。

根据剑桥真题系列，学术类阅读大致可分为两类：说明文和议论文。该表格对雅思阅读两种类型的文章结构做了简单分析(大家参考一下)：

我们以说明文为例，开头段一般是引出主题介绍现象、概念或陈述事实，所以多用叙述描写性语言;主体段对事物细节展开描述，各种话题可通过三种不同方式展开，包括时间顺序、并列或递进(从各个侧面来介绍)、逻辑发展顺序，最后结尾段说明问题接下来会怎么发展，进行总结。

掌握这两个套路，我们就能抓住每段的主旨，了解文章的段落布局，那么在解决雅思两大超难题型---list of

headings和段落信息匹配就能较快地定位到答案处。

题目：一切不以做对题拿到分为目的的精读都是耍流氓!所以对于题目的精读是重中之重!

细读题目具体操作：

1.看清题目要求

如遇到判断题，考生要看清题目要求答案需要写的是true or false or not given还是yes or no or not

given，如果该写TF却写成Yes或No,是会扣分的。

2.读懂题干指示

有的题目已经明确给出答案所在的范围或者相关提示语和关键词，所以大家要根据题干指示，快速地定位到文中答案处。

3.总结同义替换

将题目中的词汇与在文章中所对应的替换点全部找出来，并记在笔记本上，不断积累复习。

但你也不要忘了

雅思阅读注意事项

1.靠多刷题来提高阅读不如踏下心来好好精读分析剑桥真题，要善于总结，总结段落大意、文章结构的开展、答案出现的地方等。

2.真正的雅思考试中需要你快速地处理问题，所以在平时阅读练习中要快慢结合，详略得当，略读和扫读(skimming

scanning)以及精读配合使用，快准狠地找到关键信息。

3.一味地死背单词是没用的，对于生词要灵活掌握，因为阅读中的题目往往是文章内容的同义替换，并不是个别词的明显对应，所以你不仅要掌握一个生词的同义词，还要掌握同类词和相似表达等。

4、词法知识基本功要扎实，断句划分句子结构是需要掌握一定词法知识的，否则在读到复杂的句子抓主干时就会很吃力，想提高填空题正确率也更困难。