efficient请分解出词根 词缀

fact-,fic-，是表示‘make，做‘的词根。efficient=ex+fact ex-是表示out的前缀，efficient字面上来讲是‘做出来’，也就是有作用、有效果、有效率了。sufficient=sub+fact,sub-是表示‘下面的’前缀，sufficient字面上就是‘从下面打好很好的基础，从而使得未来很充足’。

含义：

只能粘附在 词根上构成新 词的 语素，它本身不能单独构成词。粘附在词根前面的词缀称为 前缀，粘附在词根后面的词缀称为后缀，插入词根中间的词缀称为中缀。

前缀、中缀、后缀都是粘附在词根之上的附加成分，所以它们又称为前加成分、中加成分和后加成分。如“老鼠”、“老虎”里的“老”；“作家”﹑“科学家”里的“家”。

含有-ficient的单词

efficient adj.效率高的, 胜任的

额 没看到答案的评价，以为大家没写。。。

英语学习

要想说好英语语音，就要有英语语音的一些基本知识。以下内容供你参考。

1．关于语音的几个概念

1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,

2)音标：词的语音形式。

3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。

4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap’ple, stu’dent, tea’cher, un’der’stand

5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。

6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。

7)开音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike ;b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi

8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it

9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。

2. 元音：(注意：下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)

1)[i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling

2)[i] sit, build, miss, myth

3) bed, desk, head,

4)[æ] bad, land, bank, stamp

5)[a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt

6)[ɔ] hot, want

7)[ ɔ:] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught

8)[u:] good, who, blue, soup,

9)[u] look, put, women, could

10)[∧] cup, come, blood, rough

11)[ә:] girl, work, serve, nurse

12)[ә] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday

13)[ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,

14)[ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye

15)[әu] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow

16)[au] house, town

17)[ɔi] boy, oil

18)[iә] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,

19)[εә] pear, care, there, fair

20)[uә] tour, poor,

3. 容易混淆的元音

1) [æ] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land

2)[i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid

3) [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide

4)[au] [ɔ:] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause

5)[au] [∧] found fond; gown gone; down don

4. 辅音

1)[p] pen,

2)[b] bed, comb

3)[t] tell,

4)[d], day, played, wanted

5)[k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box

6)[g] big, go, guess, language

7)[m] man

8)[n] nine, knife, autumn

9)[η] bank, uncle, English, sing,

10)[l] land, world

11)[r] read, write,

12)[f] five, cough, laugh

13)[v] voice, of

14)[θ] think,

15)[ ð] this, bathe

16)[s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf

17)[z] zoo, close,

18)[∫] sure, she, social, nation

19)[/] pleasure,

20)[h] hot, who, hour

21)[w] wall, what, answer

22)[j] yes

23)[t∫] child, teach, catch

24)[d/] joke, bridge,

25)[ts] boats

26)[dz] goods

27)[tr] tree

28)[dr] dream

5. 容易混淆的辅音

1)[v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well

2)[s] [θ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math

3)[z] [ð] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes

4)[n] [η] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang

6. 读音规则

1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)

2)非重读音节 [ә] banana, student, today, after,

[i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday

7. 特殊读音

1)音的连读：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all

2)失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme

3)音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Can’t you see it?

8. 重音

1)单词重音

A)双音节词

a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry

b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。

a’bout, be’lieve, ad’dress, de’cide, re’port, con’demn, res’pect, com’pare, in’form, dis’cuss,

im’press, mis’take, en’force, pre’pare, em’ploy, per’mit, es’cape, pro’duce, ex’claim,trans’late

c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。

’record, re’cord; ’insult, in’sult; ’conduct, con’duct; ’present pre’sent; ’content, con’tent

d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。

’out’side, ’re’tell, ’well-’known, ’un’real, ’fif’teen, ’Chi’nese, ’pre-’war, ’post-’war

B)多音节词

a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。’difficult, ’communist, ’family, e’conomy, oppor’tunity,de’mocracy.

b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。

’carefully, in’definite, ’comfortable, con’ductor, ac’cording, dis’turbance, ’complicated,es’tablishment,

c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。

cour’teous, cal’ligraphy, edi’torial, his’torian, peri’odic, mathe’matics, ex’perience,suf’ficient, i’dentify, trans’lation, re’ligious, curi’osity, pro’tective

d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter’tain, emplo’yee, mountai’neer, Japa’nese, ciga’rette

2)句子重音

A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重

B) 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。

C) 实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.

D) 实词不重读的特殊情况

a) 实词第二次出现

He thinks of that as a child thinks.

b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰

I met her in the railway station.

c) 代替词

Which book do you want? The **all one.

d) 感叹词中的 what 和how

What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!

e) street 在专有名词中

Wangfujing Street.

f) this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/evening

E)虚词重读的特殊情况

a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。

Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.

I don’t like you. He isn’t a worker.

b) 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。

They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.

c) 介词在句首和句尾。

In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.

d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。

If you wish, I’ll visit you. When he comes, I’ll tell him.

e)反身代词表示强调。

He couldn’t come himself.

跪求英语音标.全部的.然后各找10个单词

[i:] [i] [E:] [E] [O:] [O] [u:] [u] [A:] [V] [Q] [e] [ai] [ei] [Oi] [iE] [CE] [uE] [Eu] [au] [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] [f] [v] [s] [z] [T] [D] [S] [Z] [tS] [dZ] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] [m] [n] [N] [h] [r] [l] [w] [j]

英语国际音标共48个,其中20个元音,20个辅音,3个鼻音,2个半元音,3个似拼音

元音

12个单元音

长元音 [i:] [E:] [O:] [u:] [A:]

短元音 [i] [E] [O] [u] [V] [Q] [e]

8个双元音:[ai] [ei] [Oi] [iE] [CE] [uE] [Eu] [au]

辅音10对

清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [T] [S] [tS] [tr] [ts]

浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [D] [Z] [dZ] [dr] [dz]

3个鼻音 [m] [n] [N]

3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l]

2个半元音 [w] [j]

巧记48个国际音标

单元音共十二,四二六前中后.

双元音也好背,合口集中八个整.

辅音共计二十八,八对一清又七浊,

四个连对也包括.有气无声清辅音,

有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握.

语音知识:

1) 字母：语言的书写形式.元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u

2) 音素：音的最小的单位.英语中有48音素.即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.

3) 元音：发音响亮,是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音.英语中有20元音.

4) 辅音：发音不响亮,是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音.英语中有28辅音.

5) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand.

6) 开音节：x09a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due;

x09 b) 辅音+元音 he,go,hi.

7) 闭音节：x09a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;

b)元音+辅音it.

8) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节.

读音规则

1) 重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句).

2) 非重读音节 [ ] banana,student,today,after,[i] orange,secret,evening,very,Monday.

特殊读音

1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读.

not at all,half an hour,I love you and all、after all.

2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破.

good girl,good student,good job,expression,school,extreme.

3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音.

Would you do it?I am glad to meet you、Can't you see it?last year,this year.

重音

A)双音节词

a)一般在第一个音节重读.letter,sorry.

b)有 a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-

等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音.a'bout,be'lieve,ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,'pare,

in'form,dis'cuss,im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'late

c)有 de-,in-,re-,con-,pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的

词性在第二个音节上.'record,re'cord; 'insult,in'sult; 'conduct,con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content,con'tent.

d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词,有两个重音.

'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fif'teen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-'war.

B)多音节词

a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音.'difficult,'munist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.

b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音

'carefully,in'definite,'fortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'plicated,es'tablishment.

c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive 后缀的词,重音在

这些后缀的前一个音节上.cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,

suf'ficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tective.

d)词尾有 -ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个次重音.

enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette.