prospective study是什么意思

前瞻性研究

双语对照

词典结果：

prospective study

[英][prəsˈpektiv ˈstʌdi][美][prəˈspɛktɪv ˈstʌdi]

远景调查，前瞻性调查;

以上结果来自金山词霸

例句:

1.

A randomized prospective study comparing laser subepithelial keratomileusis andphotorefractive keratectomy.

雷射上皮原位角膜塑型术及雷射屈光角膜切削术之随机前瞻性研究比较。

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前瞻性研究VS回顾性研究

前瞻性的研究(prospective study)是以现在为起点追踪到将来的研究方法，可弥补回顾性研究的缺陷。例如临床心理学实验中，对一批A型行为类型者使用自我行为管理策略指导，并追踪此后整个行为干预策略实施过程中被A型行为的改变情况，从而证明这种治疗技术的实际效果。（百度）

A prospective study watches for outcomes, such as the development of a disease, during the study period and relates this to other factors such as suspected risk or protection factor(s). The study usually involves taking a cohort of subjects and watching them over a long period. The outcome of interest should be common; otherwise, the number of outcomes observed will be too **all to be statistically meaningful (indistinguishable from those that may have arisen by chance). All efforts should be made to avoid sources of bias such as the loss of individuals to follow up during the study. Prospective studies usually have fewer potential sources of bias and confounding than retrospective studies.

回顾性研究就是以现在为结果， 回溯 过去的研究方法。例如对已经患有肺癌的患者和正常人群进行分析，比较他们之前生活方式有什么不同，从而找出可能导致肺癌的危险因素。这一研究方式由于条件限制较少，有其优点，但其缺陷是被试目前的身心状态会影响对过去资料报告的真实性和准确性。

A retrospective study looks backwards and examines exposures to suspected risk or protection factors in relation to an outcome that is established at the start of the study. Many valuable case-control studies, such as Lane and Claypon's 1926 investigation of risk factors for breast cancer, were retrospective investigations. Most sources of error due to confounding and bias are more common in retrospective studies than in prospective studies. For this reason, retrospective investigations are often criticised. If the outcome of interest is uncommon, however, the size of prospective investigation required to estimate relative risk is often too large to be feasible. In retrospective studies the odds ratio provides an estimate of relative risk. You should take special care to avoid sources of  bias  and  confounding  in retrospective studies.

Case-Control studies

Case-Control studies are usually but not exclusively retrospective, the opposite is true for cohort studies. The following notes relate case-control to cohort studies:

outcome is measured before exposure

controls are selected on the basis of not having the outcome

good for rare outcomes

relatively inexpensive

**aller numbers required

quicker to complete

prone to selection bias

prone to recall/retrospective bias

related methods are  risk (retrospective) ,  chi-square 2 by 2 test ,  Fisher's exact test ,  exact confidence interval for odds ratio ,  odds ratio meta-****ysis  and  conditional logistic regression .

Cohort studies

Cohort studies are usually but not exclusively prospective, the opposite is true for case-control studies. The following notes relate cohort to case-control studies:

outcome is measured after exposure

yields true incidence rates and relative risks

may uncover unanticipated associations with outcome

best for common outcomes

expensive

requires large numbers

takes a long time to complete

prone to attrition bias (compensate by using  person-time  methods)

prone to the bias of change in methods over time

related methods are  risk (prospective) ,  relative risk meta-****ysis ,  risk difference meta-****ysis  and  proportions

前瞻性研究详细资料大全

前瞻性的研究(prospective study)是以现在为起点追踪到将来的研究方法，可弥补回顾性研究的缺陷。例如临床心理学实验中，对一批A型行为类型者使用自我行为管理策略指导，并追踪此后整个行为干预策略实施过程中被A型行为的改变情况，从而证明这种治疗技术的实际效果。但由于前瞻性研究条件限制过多，使用比较困难，使用并不普遍。

基本介绍

中文名 ：前瞻性研究 外文名 ：prospective study 特点 ：牵连性、影响性 释义 ：做持续的追踪研究 基本内容,研究对象,研究重点, 基本内容 前瞻性的研究(prospective study)是把研究对象选定，研究方式预定好，相关的影响因素纳入统计范围，在这些条件下，根据这些因素去做持续的追踪研究，分析判断，最后在原订计画的时间内做出评估，把符合原来设计的方法的所有例子都要列入统计，(这个阶段，不只是选有效的来统计)，全部结果都要呈现出。最终，选择的结果经过计算，得出纳入统计范围中，相关影响波动有效的因素构成重点目标，继而对这些因素进行深入研究，这就是前瞻性研究。 研究对象 前瞻性研究注重对对象的牵连性、影响性、可发展性的把握，对研究对象的本质（潜在性）的挖掘。在当今社会科技迅猛发展下，能够提前把握具有潜力的对象是异常重要的。在研究过程中，研究人员通过加强对该对象动态的理解，从而延伸出一些新的理论，再作用在该对象上，形成一个新的体系。一些有潜在价值的项目通常会衍生出让人惊叹的东西。 研究重点 当前的科学研究重心在已发现的有重大经济利益的课题上，而对这种抽象概念的探索缺乏探索。但在政治经济等国家支柱型研究方面，仍有大量的有责任心的科学研究者在不断的探寻和发展，推动虹吸理论等前瞻性理论层出不穷，现在中国在前瞻性方面的研究已经达到国际领先水平，而正是这些科学界的黑珍珠才让世界的科学不断发展，近年来对全球前瞻性研究已经有了很大的增强，现在正期待着更进一步的提升。