presidential election是什么意思？

同学你好，很高兴为您解答！

presidential election，您说的这个英文词语在CMA的考试中比较常见，学会这个词语对考取英文CMA资格证书特别有帮助。这个词语的汉语意思是：总统选举。

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关于美国的Presidential Election 2000

小丫头什麼不好问，专问公说公有理，任谁三言两语也说不清的问题。不过刚好这档事我当年非常清楚，试试看。只不过你的问题彼此间逻辑并不非常联贯，我用我的思路回答，所以你得Cherry Pick我的重点。

Wiki的United States presidential election, 2000其实已经有相当多的事实可供参考，最後的Reference有所有相关的书和重要纪录。这件事情对当年的民主党人个个鎚胸顿足，但共和党利用法律许可的技术牵制战术成功，所以并没有你想的不公不义。2000年高尔虽然赢了Popular Vote，但幅度非常小，佛罗里达的争议当然是决定因素，但是整体来说高尔被独立参选人Ralph Nader扯後腿而输掉这场该大赢的选举该是非常公允的说法。

美国的选举转播为抢时间，经常会在开票到一定门槛加上Exit Poll参考之後就迳行宣布某某州胜负已定，当时的佛罗里达状况非常混乱，先连续开民主党集中的选区，之後又连续开共和党选区票柜，最後又集中开民主党集中选区，所以美西傍晚时好几个电台抢发新闻先发布说高尔赢了佛州，但不久就被追过，美西晚间十点时高尔由原先的误报为胜选竟倒输十万票，过了午夜高尔打**向布希认输。但第二天早上开完後才发现佛州仅输2000票，且过程可疑。这才让高尔重启希望申请验票。而事後州务卿Katherine Harris一连串的拖延措施都让民主党人以及新闻界质疑，开始验票後共和党也当然是想尽办法拖延，但技术部分让人怀疑的成分不多。而最重要的事共和党当时的律师团在高等**打了场重要胜仗，先阻止了全面性验票，又以五票对四票决定佛罗里达既不可能在Safe Harbor截止日前票完成，因此验票不得继续进行。而且当时的新闻舆论已经转向，大多数民调已认为高尔输不起，再拖就会伤害美国，就最後高尔在不得已的状况之下认输。

美国总统大选激烈的颇不少，但是数下来只有2000年小布希输了Popular而Electoral Vote反而赢五票最具争议。1876年Hayes击败Tilden虽只赢一票，但Popular大赢，争议不大。所以布希八年执政，连续八年挨骂，2000年的争议其实是美国到今天仍撕裂主要原因之一。

美国大选结果其实是由几个重要的Swing States决定，其中又以佛罗里达的25张票最重要。2000年的佛罗里达最具争议是因为当时选务是由布希的亲弟弟指派的亲信Harris负责，加上共和党以倾巢之力保护战果，用尽一切法律资源。而美国选举其他州即使有争议也很快自行解决，没有一个需要惊动两层高等**。

民主制度的坏处是效率虽然不高，但好处是绝对不会发生钟摆长久摆向一边不回头的事情。柯林顿虽然下台之後口碑不错，但是他在任间就连民主党人都挺讨厌他的好色向右派过於妥协。佛罗里达争议之後因为反恐战争小布希获利让他连任，加上共和党纵容华尔街引发金融海啸让美国百姓深恶欲绝，也因此欧巴马以一个第二任参议员都还没干完的初出茅庐小鬼头竟可在2008年总统大选中席卷65%选票和选举人票。由这个角度或许佛罗里达的争议对民主党不是件太坏的事。

小布希大概是美国有史以来评价倒数第一的总统人选之一，Gore当总统再不济大概也不至於比他烂。

高尔败选之初心理大概不太平衡，但是他很快的就参加了矽谷的一个专门投资新能源的风险投资基金，靠著他诺贝尔和平奖的光环赚了不少钱，而且高尔口袋里有了钱，连老婆也不要了，所以你不用为他心理状况担心。而且在真正的环保分子眼中，高尔口口声声要每个人爱地球，节约能源减少碳足迹，但他自己却是个超级浪费能源大户。京都协议当年高尔率领美国代表在会中义正词严，说的比唱的好听，但回国之後反而三缄其口，等於默视美国片面废止京都协议。高尔的种种光说不练外更靠著提倡环保发财，其实是个不折不扣的伪君子。

你前後的两个问题有很强的批判共和党预设立场，小ㄚ头喜欢注重平等较有理想性的美国民主党没什麼错，但有时把自己抽离主观意识对事情可能可以看的更清楚。

"竞选"翻译成英语

electioneeringa

adj.

竞选, 助选(的)

run

[rQn]

n.

跑, 赛跑, 奔跑, 运转, 趋向

vi.

跑, 奔, 逃跑, 竞选, 跑步, 蔓延, 进行, 行驶

vt.

使跑, 参赛, 追究, 使流, 管理, 运行, 开动

adj.

熔化的, 融化的, 浇铸的

vbl.

run的过去式和过去分词

run for

v.

竞选, 赶快去请

美国总统是怎样选举出来的 中英文版

美国实行总统制，总统选举每四年举行一次。美国总统选举制度复杂，过程漫长。选举的主要程序包括预选、各党召开全国代表大会确定总统候选人、总统候选人竞选、全国选民投票选出总统“选举人”、“选举人”成立选举人团投票表决正式选举总统和当选总统就职典礼等几个阶段。

1、预选阶段：

预选是美国总统选举的第一阶段，通常从大选年的年初开始，到年中结束。预选有两种形式，分别是政党基层会议和直接预选。前者是指两党在各州自下而上，从选举点、县、选区到州逐级召开代表会议，最终选出本党参加全国代表大会的代表。后者在形式上如同普选，一个州的两党选民同一天到投票站投票选出本党参加全国代表大会的代表，这是大多数州目前采用的预选方式。

2、总统候选人提名大会阶段：

预选结束后，两党通常将分别在七、八月份召开全国代表大会。会议的主要任务是最终确定本党总统、副总统候选人，并讨论通过总统竞选纲领。

3、总统候选人竞选阶段：

全国代表大会之后，总统竞选活动便正式拉开帷幕。这一过程一般要持续8至9周。在此期间，两党总统候选人将耗费巨资，穿梭于全国各地，进行广告大战、发表竞选演说、会见选民、召开记者招待会以及进行公开辩论。此外，候选人还将通过多种形式阐述对国内外事务的政策主张，以赢得选民信任，争取选票。

4、全国选民投票选出总统“选举人”阶段：

全国选民投票在选举年11月份的第一个星期一后的第一个星期二举行(2008年是11月4日)，这一天被称为总统大选日。所有美国选民都到指定地点进行投票，在两个总统候选人之间作出选择(在同一张选票上选出各州的总统“选举人”)。一个(党的)总统候选人在一个州的选举中获得多数取胜，他就拥有这个州的全部总统“选举人”票，这就是全州统选制。全国选民投票日也叫总统大选日。由于美国总统选举实行“选举人团”制度，因此总统大选日的投票结果，产生的实际上是代表50个州和哥伦比亚特区的538位“选举人”。另外，在总统大选日，选民还要在联邦范围内进行参议院和众议院选举。根据美国1787年宪法，两院议员由各州选民直接选举产生。

5、选举团投票表决正式选总统阶段：

选举人票的数量，体现州权平等原则，根据各州在国会的议员数量而定。例如，每个州都在国会有2名参议员和至少1名众议员，所以，任何州都至少有3票。但人口多的大州，除了这3票以外，众议员人数越多，选举人票数也就越多。1961年，美国宪法修正案批准华盛顿特区可以像州一样有总统选举人。这样，美国国会有100参议员(任期6年，每两年改选三分之一)、435名众议员(任期两年，期满后全部改选)，加上华盛顿哥伦比亚特区的3票，总统选举人票总共为538票。一位候选人赢得的选举人票超过总数的一半(270张)，即当选总统。

6、当选总统就职典礼阶段：

真正的总统选举是在12月第二个星期三之后的第一个星期一举行(2008年是12月15日)。届时，各州和哥伦比亚特区被推选出的“选举人”将前往各州的首府进行投票。获270张选票以上的候选人将当选总统，并于次年1月20日宣誓就职。

就职典礼是美国总统选举的最后一道程序，只有到当选总统于次年1月20日手抚《圣经》，宣誓就职时，美国的总统选举才告结束。

The United States presidential system, presidential elections held every four years. American presidential election system is complex, the process is long. Election of the main program includes pre selection, the parties held a National Congress to determine that the presidential candidate, candidate for the presidency and national voters elected president "the elector", "the elector" established in the electoral college vote formally elect the president and President elect presidential inauguration in several stages.

1, the pre selection stage:

The first phase of the election of the United States presidential election, usually from the beginning of the year to the end of the year. There are two kinds of forms, namely, the basic level of the party and the direct selection. The former refers to the two parties in the States from the bottom up, from the election point, county, district level to the state level, the final election of the party to participate in the National Convention representative. The latter in the form of universal suffrage, a state of the two parties from the same day to vote for the party to vote on behalf of the party to participate in the National Convention, which is currently used in most states of the primaries.

2, presidential candidates nominated conference stage:

After the primaries, the two parties will normally be held in the National Convention in seven or eight months. The main task of the meeting is to finalize the party's president, vice presidential candidate, and discuss the presidential election platform.

3, presidential candidate election stage:

After the National Convention, the presidential campaign officially kicked off. This process usually lasts from 8 to 9 weeks. During this period, the presidential candidates will spend huge amounts of money, travel across the country, the advertising war, the election speech, met with voters, held a press conference, and a public debate. In addition, the candidates will be through a variety of forms to explain domestic and foreign affairs policy advocates, in order to win the trust of voters, for votes.

4, the national voter vote to elect the president of the electoral college:

The national vote was held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of the election year (2008 November 4th), which is called the presidential election day. All American voters are in a designated place for a vote, between the two presidential candidates (in the same ballot to elect the president of the States). A (party) presidential candidate wins a majority in the election of a state, and he holds all the president's "electoral votes" in the state, which is the Quanzhou system. National voter polling day also known as the presidential election day. As the United States presidential election to the electoral system, so the presidential election day of the vote, resulting in the fact that the 50 states and the District of Columbia, 538". In addition, in the presidential election, voters will also be in the federal Senate and house elections. According to the constitution of the United States in 1787, the house and Senate are directly elected by the voters of the state.

5, the electoral college vote in the presidential election:

The number of electoral votes, which embodies the principle of equality of state power, according to the number of members of the state in the house of representatives. For example, each state has 2 senators and at least 1 members of the house of Representatives, so any state has at least 3 votes. But a large population of the state, in addition to these 3 votes, the number of members, the more the number of electoral votes. In 1961, the United States constitutional amendment approved Washington, D. C., as the state has a presidential election. In this way, the Congress of the United States has 100 senators (a term of 6 years, every two years to reelect one-third), 435 representatives (for a term of two years, after the expiration of all elections), and Washington D.C. three votes, presidential electoral votes for a total of 538 votes. A candidate who has won more than half (270) of the total number of electoral votes, the election of the president.

6, was elected president of the inauguration stage:

The real presidential election was held on the first Monday after the second Wednesday of 2008 (December 15th). By then, the States and the District of Columbia was elected "the man" will go to the capital of the States to vote. The candidate will be elected president by more than 270 votes, and will be sworn in in January 20th of the following year.

The inauguration is the last procedure in the United States presidential election, only to be elected president in January 20th of the following year, hand to hand in the Bible, the oath of office, the United States presidential election to end.