堪培拉简介

堪培拉是澳大利亚的首都，一个年轻的城市。总面积2395平方公里，50%以上的面积为国家公园或保留地，在首都直辖区东北部。东北距悉尼240公里，西南距墨尔本500公里，人口30万。城市位于澳大利亚山脉区的开阔谷地上。海拔760米。莫朗格洛河横贯市区，西流入马兰比吉河。原为牧羊地，1913年按规划始建，1927年联邦政府从墨尔本迁此。全国政治中心。**、饭店和公共服务业为主要经济部门。有铁路连接各大城市。有国立堪培拉大学和国立图书馆。市区西南有宇宙航行跟踪站。旅游业甚盛。气候温和，四季分明，全年降雨量平均，四季都有阳光普照的日子。堪培拉的城市设计十分新颖，环形及放射状道路将行政、商业、住宅区有机地分开。城市中心的格里芬湖喷泉，即为纪念库克船长上岸200周年而建的“库克船长纪念喷泉”（CAPTAIN COOK MEMORIAL JET）水柱高达 140 米，极为壮观。全城树木苍翠，鲜花四季，每年九月，堪培拉都举办花节，以数十万株花迎接春天的到来，被誉为 " 大洋洲的花园城市 " 。

附图是堪培拉的地标澳大利亚国会（Canberra Parliament House），1988年五月九日英女王伊丽莎白二世亲自为它主持揭幕启用仪式。这个建筑以及周边建设总耗资11亿澳元，是澳大利亚历史上建造费最昂贵的建筑物。

城市历史

堪培拉是个年轻的城市，早在100多年前，这里还是澳大利亚阿尔卑斯山麓的一片不毛之地，1820年被人发现，此后有**来建牧场，到1840年发展成一个小镇。1901年，澳大利亚联邦政府成立以后，为定都问题，悉尼和墨尔本两大城市争执不下，一直争了***，直到1911年，联邦政府通过决议，在两个城市之间，选一个风调雨顺、有山有水的地方建立新首都，于是选了这块距悉尼238公里，距墨尔本507公里的空地。这就是堪培拉的雏形。

1912年，联邦政府主持了一次世界范围内的城市设计比赛，一年之后，国会从送来的137个版本中，选中了美国著名风景设计师、36岁的芝加哥人沃尔特·伯里·格里芬（Walter Burley Griffin）的方案。这位设计师描绘的堪培拉街道图是他和他的妻子（也是一位建筑师）共同画在一块棉布上的，这份珍贵的原作至今仍保留在澳大利亚国家档案馆。建设中间，经过了因第一次世界大战的停顿，共用了14年，于1927年建成，并迁都于此。后来，又为确定新首都的名字商讨了好长时间，最终选择了当地居民的传统名称--堪培拉，意思是"汇合之地"，民众又叫做"聚会的地方"。

Canberra is a picturesque（风景如画的）20th-century concoction on the banks of Lake Burley Griffin（贝里哥里芬湖）that has struggled to establish itself as the focus of Australia's national identity. It has often been perceived as a 'fat cat'（有权有势的）town of politicians and bureaucrats living off the rest of the country.

english9However, you'll only have to step outside the Parliamentary Triangle to realise that there's more to Canberra than machinations（密谋）and money. One of only two artificially-conceived cities in the world, Canberra is eerily symmetrical, surprisingly workable and endlessly intriguing.

english9Autumn in Canberra is quite simply gorgeous. The days are sunny and crisp, the trees are changing and everything looks lovely. Winter is really cold. Spring is much wetter and windier, though the very popular Floriade festival（花卉节）brightens things up.

english9Canberra was first settled by Europeans in 1824, when Joshua Moore bought the first land grant（政府赠予地）in the area, at the foot of Black Mountain. By 1845 a town had grown up in the shadow of the mountain, with the newly built St John's Church and the nearby school at its centre.

english9The establishing of a national capital and surrounding Australian Capital Territory (ACT) was one of the tenets（原则）of the constitution created when the colonies were federated into Australian states in 1901. The site was selected in 1908 - diplomatically situated between arch rivals（主要竞争对手）Sydney and Melbourne. Canberra was named in 1913, from an Aboriginal term believed to mean 'meeting place', and an international competition to design the city was won by the American architect Walter Burley Griffin. Development of the site was slow and although parliament was first convened in the capital in 1927, it was not until after the World War Two that the dream of a national capital began to reach fruition（实现）.

english9In 1957 the Menzies（孟席斯，罗伯特·戈登，1894-1978澳大利亚政治家，曾两度任职总理）Government created the National Capital Development Commission, to establish Canberra as the seat of government and generally spruce（打扮、装饰）the place up a bit. Over the next 20 years it was full steam ahead - bridges were built over a hypothetical lake, then a year later the lake followed; the Mint, the National Library, the Botanic Gardens and the Carillon sprang up; the civic centre was packed full of offices, shops and theatres. Throughout the 60s the public service became Canberra's major industry, with departments shifting to the capital from all over the country, bringing with them hordes of happy families in search of a quarter-acre block to call their own. In line with its reputation as a planned city, Canberra's growth was less than organic - rather than filling in the city centre and letting suburbs sprawl around it, the NCDC oversaw the setting up of 'satellite towns' to the north and south. Woden, to the south, was set up first, then Belconnen to the north. In the 70s they were followed by Tuggeranong, and in the 80s Gunghalin.

english9Since Federation the ACT had been under the jurisdiction of the Federal Government, with no local government of its own. In a 1978 referendum（公民投票）Canberrans had voted no to self-government, but despite this in 1988 the Federal Government passed four bills to make the Territory self-governing and in 1989 the first Legislative Assembly was elected.

官官相护四字成语

【成语释义】官吏相互包庇。

【成语出处】清 曹雪芹《红楼梦》第99回：“如今就是闹破了，也是官官相护的，不过认个承审不实，革职处分罢咧。”

【感**彩】贬义

【成语结构】主谓式成语

【成语用法】主谓式；作主语、分句；含贬义

【产生年代】古代成语

【近义词】党同伐异狼狈为奸

【近义词】刚正不阿赏罚分明

成语例句

你想，抚台一定发回原官审问，纵然派个委员前来会审，官官相护，他又拿着人家的.失单衣服来顶我们。（清 刘鹗《老残游记》第五回）

相关成语

善善恶恶 碌碌无能 衮衮诸公 唯唯连声 惴惴不安 目目相觑 熙熙融融 颠颠倒倒 蠢蠢欲动

英语释义

Officials [Bureaucrats] shield one another.；

All bureaucrats shield each other.；

Bureaucrats stick up for one another.；

Bureaucrats shield one another in wrongdoings.

网络英语释义

1. officialsshieldoneanother

2. ggxh

3. Bureaucrats shield one another

4. clienteli**

双语例句

1. In the old society, officials stuck together against the masses.

在旧社会,官官相护,欺压百姓.

来自《辞典例句》

2. Officials shield one another.

官官相护.

3. The way that officials stick up for and protect one another has got to stop.

这种官官相护的情况必须制止.

神笔马良的英文资料

"Shenbi Ma Liang" is a world-renowned classic literary work and a treasure of Chinese children's literature. "Shenbi Ma Liang" was written by Hong Hongxuntao, a famous Chinese children's literature writer and theorist, in the 1950s.

In 1980, he won the first prize of the second National Children's Literary and Artistic Creation Award, and was translated into the languages of various countries.

《神笔马良》是享誉世界的经典文学名著，是中国儿童文学的瑰宝。《神笔马良》由我国著名儿童文学作家、理论家洪汛涛于20世纪50年代创作。1980年获第二次全国少年儿童文艺创作评奖一等奖，被译成各国文字。

扩展资料

作品获奖情况：

由洪汛涛编剧的电影《神笔》（上海电影制片厂出品）是第一部在国际上获奖的中国美术片，更是百年中国在国际上获奖最多的一部影片。该片国内获文化部1949年至1955年影片编剧一等金质奖章。国际获意大利第八届威尼斯国际儿童电影节八至十二岁儿童文艺影片一等奖。

南斯拉夫第一届贝尔格莱德国际儿童电影节优秀儿童电影奖、叙利亚第三届大马士革国际博览会电影节短片银质一等奖章、波兰第三届华沙国际儿童片电影节特别优秀奖、第二届加拿大斯特拉福纪念莎士比亚国际电影节奖状等。