mplab安装完毕时document select怎么选择

那个可以直接关掉，我刚刚随便打开一个看了看，其实是一些文档。应该是相关资料什么的，让你了解用的。与安装无关。

如何用思科2500系列服务器配置一对多的DDR设置？

DDR over PSTN 配置 （希望对你有帮助）Cisco路由器可以通过PSTN（**网）互连，由于**网的带宽较小，进行DDR方式的配置。 以DDR方式配置的网络，只有在有数据传输时才建立连接，DDR方式的网络配置方法很多，现仅介绍几个典型配置： ＊ LAN－－LAN OVER PSTN 路由通过**网连接路由器，如图： 配置内容： 1．配置MODEM，与拨入配置一致 2．配置PPP，与拨入配置一致， 3．配置IP 4．配置拨号线路上可以传输哪些上层协议 　 配置步骤： 1．全局设置模式配置参数 hostname本路由器名字 username 对方路由器名字password字符串 　 注意：如果PPP用户验证为chap，对方路由器名字必须在本地路由器中进行登记，且password后字串两边的路由器设置必须一致。如PPP无用户验证，则无此项设置，建议采用PPP chap用户验证，较安全。 　 ＊ chat-script 拨号串名字 拨号at命令串 拨号串名字可以随便取，该拨号串需在逻辑端口中引用。 ＊ dialer-list 号码 protocol 协议名 （permit 1 deny) 定义拨号线路上允许通过的协议规则，不在相应逻辑端口中引用,该规则不会起作用，该号码可以随意，但在逻辑端口中需用该号码任用该规则。 ＊ ip route目的子网地址 目的子网掩码相邻路相邻端口地址 根据需要可以定义任意多个静态路由，在拨号线路上也可以采用动态路由，但不建议采用，采用拨号线路连接的网络本身应并不大，网络拓扑应不复杂，用静态路由完全可行，且也较易管理,其次，在拨号线上启用动态路由，费用要高。 2．逻辑端口配置参数 ＊ ip address ip地址 子网掩码 ＊ 封装PPP encapsulation ppp ＊ async mode dedicated 以上三条命令与远程访问配置意思一致。 ＊ dialer in-band 表示按需拨号 ＊dialer-group 号码 dialer-group命令引用dialer-list定义的规则，表示拨号线上对由该规则定义的协议是否感兴趣，以决定是否拨号，该号码必须与dialer-list的号码一致。 ＊ dialer map ip 对方路由器ip地址 name 对方路名字 modem-script 拨号串名字 (broadcast) {对方**号码} 对方路由器的IP地址为与本路由器连接同一公网的异步口IP地址，拨号串名字是由chat-script 定义的拨号串名字，如无**号码，即该路由器只接收对方路由器拨入，broadcast参数表示该线路上可以传输一层广播。该条命令表示，如有数据需在该端口上进行传输，则拨对方**号码，然后进行用户验证，最后建立IP通讯，理论上，可以进行多个映射，以与多个路由器建立通讯。 3．物理端口配置 ＊ modem inout ＊ modem autoconfig discovery ＊ flowcontrol hardware 与远程访问服务配置意思一致 实例： 　 Currrent configuration: ! version 11.2 no service udp-**all-servers no service tcp-**all-servers ! hostname 2522 ! enable secret 5 $1$QXZZ$OT8naM5ar78weHcmuJKBS. ! username 2511 password 7 104D000A0618 chat-script lab ABORT ERROR ABORT BUSY "" "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \c ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 168.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Serial4 physical-layer async ip address 202.1.1.80 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp async mode dedicated dialer in-band dialer idle-timeout 300 dialer map ip 202.1.1.8 name 2511 modem-script lab broadcast 3631 dialer -grout 1 no cdp enable ppp authentication chap ! no ip classless ip route 166.71.70.0 255.255.255.0 202.1.1.80 dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! line con 0 line 4 modem InOut modem autoconfigure discovery transport input all flowcontrol hardware line aux 0 line vty 0 4 password cisco login ! end 　 　 Building configuration... Current configuration: ! version 11.2 no service udp-**all-servers no service tcp-**all-servers ! hostname 2511 ! enable secret 5 $1$PDv4$2XivZQmMmPkt3TahFVcgT0 ! username 2522 password 7 00071A150754 chat-script lab ABORT ERROR ABORT BUSY "" "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 60 CONNECT \c ! interface Ethernet0 ip address 166.71.70.10 255.255.255.0 ! ! interface Async1 ip address 202.1.1.8 255.255.255.0 encapsulation ppp async mode dedicated dialer in-band dialer map ip 202.1.1.80 name 2522 modem-script lab broadcast 3621 dialer-group 1 no cdp enable ! no ip classless ip route 168.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 202.1.1.80 dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! line con 0 line 1 modem InOut modem autoconfigure discovery transport input all flowcontrol hardware line aux 0 line vty 0 4 password cisco login ! end 　 调试手段： debug modem debug dialer debug ppp neg debug ppp auth debug ip route rotary-group方式的DDR OVER PSTN配置 上面的配置有一个缺陷，当有数据传输时，它只能用固定的端口拨出或接收，即使路由器有多个异步端口。rotary-group配置可以解决这一问题。 rotary-group大致工作过程如下： 将某些个端口绑定成为一组，它们共享同一组IP，有同样的PPP映射，用户验证等。当本路由器进行拨出或接收时，路由器将轮询该端口组，找到未用的端口，封装相应的IP，PPP及其它配置以进行拨出或接收。这样可以充分利用线路。 rotary-group可以分为 接收多个连接的rotary-group 进行多个拨出的rotary-group 同时进行多个拨出及接收多个连接的rotary-group 三种方式的配置大体相同，且与上面所述的DDR方式基本一致。 不同点： interface dialer号码该端口为所有异步口所共用的逻辑端口配置及PPP，IP的配置均在这里。 异步端口需要设置： dialer rotary-group 号码 表示该端口属于哪一个rotary-group，其中的号码与interface dialer中的号码一致。 interface dialer 端口中需要设置多个IP地址，因为对方的路由器都在不同的网段上， ip address IP 地址 子网掩码 secondary 可以定义任意多个IP地址，当进行通讯，路由器会找到适当的IP地址 注意：可以用Cisco路由器的同步串口进行DDR的拨号配置，配置方法完全一样，不同的是不能用MODEM的自动配置，需手动将MODEM设置为V.25BIS同步拨号工作方式，因此，MODEM必须要支持V.25BIS。

请问关于爱迪生的英文资料是什么?

Thomas Edison

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"Edison" redirects here. For other uses, see Edison (disambiguation).

Thomas Alva Edison

"Genius is one per cent inspiration, ninety-nine per cent perspiration." - Thomas Edison, Harper's Monthly (September 1932)

Born: February 11, 1847

Milan, Ohio, United States

Died: October 18, 1931

West Orange, New Jersey, United States

Occupation: Inventor, entrepreneur

Spouse: Mary Edison, Mina Edison

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and busines**an who developed many devices which greatly influenced life in the 20th century. Dubbed "The Wizard of Menlo Park" by a newspaper reporter, he was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production to the process of invention, and can therefore be credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. Some of the inventions credited to him were not completely original, but improvements of earlier inventions, or were actually created by numerous employees working under his direction. Nevertheless, Edison is considered one of the most prolific inventors in history, holding 1,097 U.S. patents in his name, as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany.

Early life

Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, the seventh child of Samuel Ogden Edison, Jr.(1804-1896) and the former Nancy Matthews Elliott (1810–1871). His family was of Dutch origin. [1] He had a late start in his schooling as the result of an illness. His mind often wandered and his teacher the Reverend Engle was overheard calling him "addled". This ended Edison's three months of formal schooling. His mother had been a school teacher in Canada and happily took over the job of schooling her son. She encouraged and taught him to read and experiment. He recalled later, "My mother was the making of me. She was so true, so sure of me; and I felt I had something to live for, someone I must not disappoint."[2] Many of his lessons came from reading R.G. Parker's School of natural philosophy. Edison became hard of hearing at the age of twelve. There are many theories of what caused this; according to Edison he went deaf because he was pulled up to a train car by his ears.[3]

Thomas's life in Port Huron, Michigan was bittersweet. He sold candy and newspapers on trains running from Port Huron to Detroit. Partially deaf since adolescence, he became a telegraph operator after he saved Jimmie Mackenzie from being struck by a runaway train. Jimmie's father, station agent J.U. Mackenzie of Mount Clemens, Michigan, was so grateful that he took Edison under his wing and trained him as a telegraph operator. Edison's deafness aided him as it blocked out noises and prevented Edison from hearing the telegrapher sitting next to him. One of his mentors during those early years was a fellow telegrapher and inventor named Franklin Leonard Pope, who allowed the then impoverished youth to live and work in the basement of his Elizabeth, New Jersey home.

Some of his earliest inventions related to electrical telegraphy, including a stock ticker. Edison applied for his first patent, the electric vote recorder, on October 28, 1868.

Beginning his career

Edison and his early phonograph, 1877Thomas Edison began his career as an inventor in Newark, New Jersey, with the automatic repeater and other improved telegraphic devices, but the invention which first gained him fame was the phonograph in 1877. This accomplishment was so unexpected by the public at large as to appear almost magical. Edison became known as "The Wizard of Menlo Park," New Jersey, where he lived. His first phonograph recorded on tinfoil cylinders that had low sound quality and destroyed the track during replay so that one could listen only a few times. In the 1880s, a redesigned model using wax-coated cardboard cylinders was produced by Alexander Graham Bell, Chichester Bell, and Charles Tainter. This was one reason that Thomas Edison continued work on his own "Perfected Phonograph."

Thomas Edison was a freethinker, and was most likely a deist, claiming he did not believe in "the God of the theologians," but did not doubt that "there is a Supreme Intelligence." However, he rejected the idea of the supernatural, along with such ideas as the soul, immortality, and a personal God. "Nature," he said, "is not merciful and loving, but wholly merciless, indifferent."

Menlo Park

Thomas Edison's first light bulb used to demonstrate his invention at Menlo Park. Edison's Menlo Park Laboratory, removed to Greenfield Village in Dearborn, MI. (Note the organ against the back wall)Edison's major innovation was the first industrial research lab, which was built in Menlo Park, New Jersey. It was the first institution set up with the specific purpose of producing constant technological innovation and improvement. Edison was legally attributed with most of the inventions produced there, though many employees carried out research and development work under his direction.

William Joseph Hammer, a consulting electrical engineer, began his duties as a laboratory assistant to Edison in December 1879. He assisted in experiments on the telephone, phonograph, electric railway, iron ore separator, electric lighting, and other developing inventions. However, Hammer worked primarily on the incandescent electric lamp and was put in charge of tests and records on that device. In 1880 he was appointed Chief Engineer of the Edison Lamp Works. In his first year, the plant under general manager Francis Robbins Upton turned out 50,000 lamps. According to Edison, Hammer was "a pioneer of incandescent electric lighting."

Most of Edison's patents were utility patents, which during Edison's lifetime protected for a 17 year period inventions or processes that are electrical, mechanical, or chemical in nature. About a dozen were design patents, which protect an ornamental design for a 14 year period. Like most inventions, his were not typically completely original, but improvements to prior art. The phonograph patent, on the other hand, was unprecedented as the first device to record and reproduce sounds. Edison did not invent the first electric light bulb, but instead invented the first commercially practical incandescent light. Several designs had already been developed by earlier inventors including the patent he purchased from Henry Woodward and Mathew Evans, Moses G. Farmer,[5] Joseph Swan, James Bowman Lindsay, William Sawyer, Humphry Davy, and Heinrich Göbel. Some of these early bulbs had such flaws as extremely short life, high expense to produce, and high current draw, making them difficult to apply on a large scale commercially. In 1878, Edison applied the term filament to the element of glowing wire carrying the current, although English inventor Joseph Swan had used the term prior to this. Edison took the features of these earlier designs and set his workers to the task of creating longer-lasting bulbs. By 1879, he had produced a new concept: a high resistance lamp in a very high vacuum, which would burn for hundreds of hours. While the earlier inventors had produced electric lighting in laboratory conditions dating back to a demonstration of a glowing wire by Alessandro Volta in 1800, Edison concentrated on commercial application and was able to sell the concept to homes and businesses by mass-producing relatively long-lasting light bulbs and creating a complete system for the generation and distribution of electricity.

The Menlo Park research lab was made possible by the sale of the quadruplex telegraph that Edison invented in 1874, which could send four simultaneous telegraph signals over the same wire. When Edison asked Western Union to make an offer, he was shocked at the unexpectedly large amount that Western Union offered; the patent rights were sold for $10,000. The quadruplex telegraph was Edison's first big financial success.

Incandescent era

U.S. Patent #223898 Electric LampIn 1878, Edison formed the Edison Electric Light Company in New York City with several financiers, including J. P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt families. Edison made the first public demonstration of the incandescent light bulb on December 31, 1879, in Menlo Park. On January 27, 1880, he filed a patent in the United States for the electric incandescent lamp; it was during this time that he said, "We will make electricity so cheap that only the rich will burn candles."[6]

On October 8, 1883, the U.S. patent office ruled that Edison's patent was based on the work of William Sawyer and was therefore invalid. Litigation continued for nearly six years, until October 6, 1889, when a judge ruled that Edison's electric light improvement claim for "a filament of carbon of high resistance" was valid. To avoid a possible court battle with Joseph Swan, he and Swan formed a joint company called Ediswan to market the invention in Britain.

Other designs for a light bulb included Serbian inventor Naikola Tesla's idea of utilizing radio frequency waves emitted (in the Tesla effect) from the side electrode plates to light a wireless bulb. He also developed plans to light a bulb with only one wire with the energy refocused back into the center of the bulb by the glass envelope with a center "button" to emit an incandescent glow. Edison's design won out during this time, although Tesla did go on to invent fluorescent lighting.

Edison patented an electric distribution system in 1880, which was critical to capitalize on the invention of the electric lamp. The first investor-owned electric utility was the 1882 Pearl Street Station, New York City. On September 4, 1882, Edison switched on the world's first electrical power distribution system, providing 110 volts direct current (DC) to 59 customers in lower Manhattan, around his Pearl Street generating station. On January 19, 1883, the first standardized incandescent electric lighting system employing overhead wires began service in Roselle, New Jersey.

Carbon telephone tran**itter

In 1877 and 1878 Edison invented and developed the carbon microphone used in all telephones along with the Bell receiver until the 1980s. After protracted patent litigation, a federal court ruled in 1892 that Edison and not Emile Berliner was the inventor of the carbon microphone. (Josephson, p146). The carbon microphone was also used in radio broadcasting and public address work through the 1920s.

War of currents

Main article: War of Currents

Extravagant displays of electric lights quickly became a feature of public events, as this picture from the 1897 Tennessee Centennial Exposition shows.George Westinghouse and Edison became adversaries due to Edison's promotion of direct current (DC) for electric power distribution over the more easily tran**itted alternating current (AC) system promoted by George Westinghouse. Unlike DC, AC could be stepped up to very high voltages with transformers, sent over thinner wires, and stepped down again at the destination for distribution to users.

Despite Edison's contempt for capital punishment, the war against AC led Edison to become involved in the development and promotion of the electric chair as a demonstration of AC's greater lethal potential versus the "safer" DC. Edison went on to carry out a brief but intense campaign to ban the use of AC or to limit the allowable voltage for safety purposes. As part of this campaign, Edison's employees publicly electrocuted dogs, cats, and in one case, an elephant[7] to demonstrate the dangers of AC. AC replaced DC in most instances of generation and power distribution, enormously extending the range and improving the efficiency of power distribution. Though widespread use of DC ultimately lost favor for distribution, it exists today primarily in long-distance high-voltage direct current (HVDC) tran**ission systems. Low voltage DC distribution continued to be used in high density downtown areas for many years and was replaced by AC low voltage network distribution in many central business districts. DC had the advantage that large battery banks could maintain continuous power through brief interruptions of the electric supply from generators and the tran**ission system. Utilities such as Commonwealth Edison in Chicago had rotary converters which could change Dc to AC and AC to various frequencies in the early to mid 20th century. Utilities supplied rectifiers to convert the low voltage AC to DC for such DC load as elevators, fans and pumps. There were still 1600 DC customers in downtown New York City when the service was discontinued in 2005.

Media inventions

The key to Edison's fortunes was telegraphy. With knowledge gained from years of working as a telegraph operator, he learned the basics of electricity. This allowed him to make his early fortune with the stock ticker, the first electricity-based broadcast system. Edison patented the sound recording and reproducing phonograph (or gramophone in British English) in 1878. Edison also holds the patent for the motion picture camera, although the invention itself was the work of Edison's British employee, William Dickson. In 1891, Thomas Edison built a Kinetoscope, or peep-hole viewer. This device was installed in penny arcades, where people could watch short, simple films.

On August 9, 1892, Edison received a patent for a two-way telegraph. In April 1896, Thomas Armat's Vitascope, manufactured by the Edison factory and marketed in Edison's name, was used to project motion pictures in public screenings in New York City. Later he exhibited motion pictures with voice soundtrack on cylinder recordings, mechanically synchronized with the film. In 1908 Edison started the Motion Picture Patents Company, which was a conglomerate of nine major film studios (commonly known as the Edison Trust). Thomas Edison was the first honorary fellow of the Acoustical Society of America, which was founded in 1929.

Later years

Edison became the owner of his Milan, Ohio, birthplace in 1906, and, on his last visit, in 1923, he was shocked to find his old home still lit by lamps and candles. Influenced by a fad diet that was popular in the day, in his last few years "he consumed nothing more than a pint of milk every three hours".[10] He believed this diet would restore his health.

Edison was active in business right up to the end. Just months before his death in 1931, the Lackawanna Railroad implemented electric trains in suburban service from Hoboken to Gladstone, Montclair and Dover in New Jersey. Tran**ission was by means of an overhead catenary system, with the entire project under the guidance of Thomas Edison. To the surprise of many, Thomas Edison was at the throttle of the very first MU (Multiple-Unit) train to depart Lackawanna Terminal in Hoboken, driving the train all the way to Dover. As another tribute to his lasting legacy, the very same fleet of cars Edison deployed on the Lackawanna in 1931 served commuters until their retirement in 1984. A special plaque commemorating the joint achievement of both the railway and Edison, can be seen today in the waiting room of Lackawanna Terminal in Hoboken, presently operated by New Jersey Transit.

Edison purchased a home known as "Glenmont" in 1886 as a wedding gift for Mina in Llewellyn Park in West Orange, New Jersey. The remains of Edison and his wife, Mina, are now buried there. The 13.5 acre (55,000 m²) property is maintained by the National Park Service as the Edison National Historic Site. Thomas Edison died on October 18, 1931, in New Jersey at the age of 84. His final words to his wife were "It is very beautiful over there."[11] Mina died in 1947. Edison's last breath is purportedly contained in a test tube at the Henry Ford Museum. Ford reportedly convinced Charles Edison to seal a test tube of air in the inventor's room shortly after his death, as a memento. A plaster death mask was also made.

Critici**

Although in his early years Edison worked alone, he built up a research and development team to a considerable number while at his Menlo Park research laboratory. This large research group, which included engineers and other workers, often based their research on work done by others before them, as is true of all research and development. Some have claimed that when his staff succeeded, he presented the inventions as his own and got the credit for them as they were patented in his name[citation needed]. His staff generally carried out his directions in conducting research, and when he was absent from the lab, the pace of work slowed greatly. Other inventors had worked on the development of an incandescent light bulb before Edison invented the first which was commercially practical. He is commonly credited as its inventor, even though a number of employees also worked on the device under his direction. His was the first incandescent light bulb with high resistance, a **all radiating area, and a commercially useful lifetime. Other critics have claimed that he put obstacles in the way of his compe*****s, and used other methods which were ethically questionable, even if their technology was superior to what was created by his own workers[citation needed].

Another critici** of Edison is due to his battle with Nikola Tesla over DC and AC power. Edison tried to convince people to use his DC power by arguing that it was safer than Westinghouse's AC power. He accompanied these claims of danger by electrocuting cats, dogs and even elephants. He famously electrocuted Topsy the Elephant in 1903. He also said that the electrocuted animals were being 'Westinghoused' while being electrocuted by the AC power. Edison eventually lost the battle because AC power is easily stepped up to high voltage for long distance tran**ission and then stepped down for local distribution and further stepped down to the end use voltage at a home or business. This greatly reduces the size of the wires and hence the cost of long distance tran**ission lines. Ironically, high voltage DC is now commonly used for long distance high voltage power tran**ission, and converted to AC by electronic valves.

转自太傻论坛

“Genius is one per cent inspiration, ninety-nine per cent perspiration”这句话是经典咯！向EDISON致敬！