高二英语选修八的知识点解析

文章 读完后，还要学习归纳、综合和推理判断。有时候，将比较难的英文 句子 译成中文对准确的理解英文很有好处。中学英语课本中的课文和一些英语名篇都可以作为精读的材料。泛读是中学生容易忽略的一种阅读方式。我带来了 高二英语 选修八的知识点解析，希望能帮助到你!

高二英语选修八的知识点解析1

Ⅰ.Hot words and hot phrases常用词与常用词组

1.Medical studies show that AIDS virus cannot be tran**itted via the following routes：cups，glasses，toilet seats，swimming pools，mosquitoes，other insects or blood donation.(P.49)

2.AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body's immune system and leaves a person defenceless against infections and illness.(P.51)

3.People get AIDS after having been infected with the HIV virus.(P.51)

4.People tran**it HIV by having unprotected sex，by receiving infected blood transfusions or，as in Xiaohua's case，through birth.(P.51)

5.Xiaohua's mother contracted the HIV virus when she was 28，and she died of AIDS only three years after Xiaohua was born.(P.51)

6.The disease is spreading faster in Africa and parts of Asia，mainly because of a lack of proper health care，prevention and education.(P.51)

7.The drugs that are available are much too expensive and difficult to find.(P.51)

8....but she does not let that knowledge discourage her.(P.51)

9.She also goes to visit other AIDS patients in hospitals across the country to support them and cheer them up.(P.51)

10.The disease is not the only thing that AIDS patients have to suffer from.(P.52)

11....that can persuade hospitals and companies to allocate more funds for AIDS research and education.(P.52)

12.Xiaohua has learnt to live with HIV and the fact she will eventually get AIDS.(P.52)

13.Two years ago，Dr Richards had asked me a great many questions and had taken samples of my blood.(P.55)

14.Mum held my hand and I saw that she was weeping.(P.55)

15.Cancer is a disease that begins in cells.(P.55)

16.In my body，the production of cells is disrupted.(P.55)

17.Doctors do know that cancer is not caused by injury and is not contagious—it does not spread from one person to another.(P.55)

18.The cancer in my body has been defeated for the moment.(P.55)

19.Living with cancer has made me realize how precious life is and how important it is for us to take every chance to live life to the fullest.(P.55)

20.Every day is a new opportunity and I have learnt to appreciate every minute of each day.

Ⅱ.Language points and grammar focus语言点和语法重点

A.Language points语言点

1.HIV/AIDS is incurable...(P.49)

AIDS is a disease that...leaves a person defenceless against infections and illness.(P.51)

本单元中由前缀或后缀派生出的 反义词 的小结

2.People get AIDS after having been infected with the HIV virus.(P.51)

完成时的动名词的被动式的内涵及用法

3.As with most diseases and disasters，the young suffer the most.

“定冠词 + 形容词/过去分词”表示“一类人”的用法的小结

4.I had been feeling sick for a long time and my mum had taken me to hospital to have me examined.(P.55)

1)过去完成进行时的内涵及用法

2)“to have + 宾语 + 过去分词”的两个内涵及用法

5.The treatment was successful and I was able to go home after exactly fourteen months，two days and six hours in hospital.(P.55)

was/were able to do与could do在内涵上的区别及各自的用法

6.I have been living with cancer for two years and...(P.55)

现在完成进行时的内涵及用法

Ⅲ.Skills of the four essential abilities：listening，speaking，reading and writing听、说、读、写四项基本能力的学习技巧

1.Listening：Master the main idea of a long dialogue through the inner connections among the questions so as to have better understanding of the questioned details

从各设问间的内在联系把握较长对话的中心思想，更好理解各检测点的细节

2.Speaking：Talk about deadly diseases and attitudes towards AIDS，cancer，etc.

关于那些致命疾病及对待艾滋病、癌症等的态度的谈论

3.Reading：Make full use of informational words and phrases

充分利用信息词

4.Writing：How to write a personal narrative

如何写一篇个人经历过的叙述性 故事

高二英语选修八的知识点解析2

1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ... you may want to try hiking. Instead和instead 0f的用法

2. Say "Hi" / "Hello" / "Thanks" to **. (for me) 问候的句型

3. Is anybody seeing you off? 进行时表将来

4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep struggling)

5. You should not go rafting unless you know... unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if... not

6. By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds. 目的状语从句

7. She was so surprised that she couldn't move. 结果状语从句

8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by water. 过去分词作状语

9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 现在分词作状语

10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didn't take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法

高二英语选修八的知识点解析3

1. cultural relics 文化 遗产

Many unearthed cultural relics were exhibited at the museum.

博物馆展出了许多出土文物。By definition the capital is the political and cultural center of a country. 根据定义,首都是一个国家的政治文化中心。

2. rare and valuable 珍贵稀有

It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.

这样的天才现在很少见。

The flaw in this vase makes it less valuable. 这个花瓶因为有点缺陷，不那么值钱了。

3. in search of 寻找，寻求 = in search for

He's sailed the seven seas in search of adventure. 他闯荡七大洋去历险.

He went to the south in search for a better future.他为了寻找更好的前途到南方去。

4. in the fancy style 以别致的风格 in … style/ in the style of ……以……风格

These clothes are too fancy for me, I prefer plainer ones. 这些衣服对我来说有些花哨，我还是喜欢素净些的。

5. popular

She is popular at school. 她在学校里很受人喜欢。

This dance is popular with young people. 这种舞很受青年人喜爱。

6. …a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make. 用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成。

decorate with 以...装饰

7. be designed for …为……而设计

by design 故意地

My brother designs to be an engineer. 我弟弟立志要当工程师。

This room was originally designed to be my study. 这间屋子原预定做我的书房。

His parents designed him for the army, but he preferred the navy. 他父母打算要他当陆军，但是他却喜欢当海军。

8. belong to 属于

We belong to the same generation. 我们属于同代人。

9. in return 作为回报/报答/交换

in turn 依次地，轮流的;转而，反过来

10. a troop of 一群He is surrounded by a troop of friends. 他被一群朋友围住了。

11. become part of… 变成……的一部分

It is part of the way we act.

它是我们行为表现的一部分。

12. serve as

作为，用作，充当，起作用

The room can serve as a study. 这间房子可作书房用。

13. a **all reception hall for important visitors 接待重要来宾的小型会客室。

14. Later，Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Peter**urg where she spent her summers. 后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。

have sth done

请/让别人做某事，使得，蒙受某种损失

We had the machine repaired.

我们请人把机器修好了。

15. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. 1770年，这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。 ( I was never allowed to do things the way /that/ in which I wanted. 我从来不允许按照自己的想法去做事情。)

16. Sadly, although the Amber Room was considered one of the wonders of the world, it is missing. 可悲的是，尽管琥珀屋被认为是世界上的一大奇迹之一，可是现在它却消失了。

I am considering going abroad. 我正在考虑 出国 。

I consider it a great honor.我认为这是极大的荣幸。

We consider that the driver is not to blame. 我们认为这不是司机的过错。

We consider it (to be ) true.=(We consider that it is true.) 我们认为这是真实的。

a couple of words missing 缺的两三个字

There is a page missing. 缺少一页。

Police are combing the woods for the missing children.警察搜遍树林以寻找失踪的孩子.

17. be at war 处于战争状态,交战

18. remove some furture and **all art objects 把一些家具和小件艺术品搬走

He removed the mud from his shoes. 他去掉鞋上的泥。

This old table is a valuable piece of furniture. 这张旧桌子是一件很珍贵的家具。

19. in less than two days 在不到两天的时间里

20. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for… 毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上了运往……的火车。

There is no doubt that she will keep her word.毫无疑问她会遵守诺言的.

There is no doubt that Taiwan belongs to China. 这是毫无疑问的,台湾属于中国。

There is no doubt that she is capable of the job.她能胜任这个工作,这是毫无疑问的.

21. After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 从那以后，琥珀屋的去处便成了一个谜。

it remains to be seen 尚待分晓

The fact remains to be proved.事实尚待证明?

remain in呆在家里 remain out呆在外面, 留在户外

These matters remain in doubt. 这些事情仍然值得怀疑

He's determined to remain loyal to the team whatever comes his way. 他决心不管发生什么事都忠于球队。

Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman. 彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。

22. By studying old photos of the former Amber Room, they have made the new one look like the old one. 通过研究琥珀屋原来的照片，他们建造的新琥珀屋样子和旧的看起来非常像。

23. One day he was looking in a second-hand furniture shop when he saw an amazing object among the many different vases and jewels. 一天，他正在一家二手家具商店查找，突然他在众多不同的花瓶和首饰中看见一个神奇的东西。

24. without doubt 无疑地，确实地

He is without doubt the cleverest student I've ever taught.

他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的.

25. the UN peace-keeping force 联合国维和部队

26. The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and receiving it.

那位老人看见一些德国人把琥珀屋拆开搬走了。 take apart 拆卸，拆开

Take apart the pieces before putting the toys away. 玩具拿开前先将它拆成一件件的。

27. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. 在审讯中，法官必须确定哪些目击者可信哪些不可信。

28. rather than

胜于，而不是

Tom rather than Jack is to blame. 该受责备的是汤姆，而不是杰克。

I prefer to read rather than sit idle. 我宁愿读书而不愿闲坐着。

We aim at quality rather than quantity. 我们的目的是重质不重量。

29. by the light of the moom 借助于月光

30. for oneself 亲自，独自地

One should not live for oneself alone. 一个人不应只是为自已活着。

31. To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed 使我感到惊奇的是矿口被封闭了。…….

32. I think highly of those who are searching for the Ambe Room. 我认为那些在找寻琥珀屋的人们很了不起。

33. Nor do I think they should give it to any government. 我也不认为他们会把它交给任何政府。

34. do with 处理，忍受，对付

I can't do with his insolence.

我忍受不了他那傲慢无礼的态度

What do they do with the coin?

他们是怎样处理这枚硬币的?

35. take notes of 记录，把……记下来

Please take notes of the important while you read. 请边读边把重要的事情记下来。

36. Read the information that is provided for the visitors. 阅读一下为参观者提供的信息。

They provide us with food. 他们供给我们食物。

We provided food for the hungry children. 我们为饥饿的孩子们提供食物。

It's wise to save some money and provide for the future. "积蓄点钱,为将来使用作些准备是明智的。"

He has a wife and seven children to provide for. 他需要赡养妻子和七个孩子。

37. It will not only give you a chance of practising your English but also of developing an interest in local history at the same time.它不仅给你了练习英语的机会而且在同时也给你了培养对当地历史感兴趣的机会。

38. for fun 为了消遣，为了开心

He plays violin just for fun.

他拉小提琴只是为了自娱自乐。

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malloc free 的用法

malloc用于动态内存分配，它有一个参数就是分配的空间大小，反回值是分配来的空间的首地址

比如

int *p = (int*)malloc(4096);

代表我要申请4K的内存空间用于存放整数，而一个整数是4B，这样申请来的空间就是能存1K个整数

free用于动态内存分配的释放工作，它有一个参数就是要释放的内存的首地址

如

free(p);

这样p这块内存就被释放了

C++中有多少关键字？

a**

auto

bad_cast

bad_typeid

bool

break

case

catch

char

class

const

const_cast

continue

default

delete

do

double

dynamic_cast

else

enum

except

explicit

extern

false

finally

float

for

friend

goto

if

inline

int

long

mutable

namespace

new

operator

private

protected

public

register

reinterpret_cast

return

short

signed

sizeof

static

static_cast

struct

switch

template

this

throw

true

try

type_info

typedef

typeid

typename

union

unsigned

using

virtual

void

volatile

wchar_t while

(1)a**

a**已经被__a**替代了,用于汇编语言嵌入在C/C++程序里编程,从而在某些方面优化代码.虽然用a**关键字编译时编译器不会报错,但是a**模块的代码是没有意义的.

(2)auto

这个这个关键字用于声明变量的生存期为自动，即将不在任何类、结构、枚举、联合和函数中定义的变量视为全局变量，而在函数中定义的变量视为局部变量。这个关键字不怎么多写，因为所有的变量默认就是auto的。

(3)bad_cast,const_cast,dynamic_cast,reinterpret_cast,static_cast

关于异常处理的,还不是太了解..

(4)bad_typeid

也是用于异常处理的,当typeid操作符的操作数typeid为Null指针时抛出.

(5)bool

不用多说了吧,声明布尔类型的变量或函数.

(6)break

跳出当前循环.The break statement terminates the execution of the nearest enclosing loop or conditional statement in which it appears.

(7)case

switch语句分支.Labels that appear after the case keyword cannot also appear outside a switch statement.

(8)catch,throw,try

都是异常处理的语句,The try, throw, and catch statements implement exception handling.

(9)char

声明字符型变量或函数.

(10)class

声明或定义类或者类的对象.The class keyword declares a class type or defines an object of a class type.

(11)const

被const修饰的东西都受到强制保护，可以预防意外的变动，能提高程序的健壮性。它可以修饰函数的参数、返回值，甚至函数的定义体。

作用:

1.修饰输入参数

a.对于非内部数据类型的输入参数，应该将“值传递”的方式改为“const引用传递”，目的是提高效率。例如将void Func(A a) 改为void Func(const A a)。

b.对于内部数据类型的输入参数，不要将“值传递”的方式改为“const引用传递”。否则既达不到提高效率的目的，又降低了函数的可理解性。例如void Func(int x) 不应该改为void Func(const int x)。

2.用const修饰函数的返回值

a.如果给以“指针传递”方式的函数返回值加const修饰，那么函数返回值（即指针）的内容不能被修改，该返回值只能被赋给加const修饰的同类型指针。

如对于：const char * GetString(void);

如下语句将出现编译错误：

char *str = GetString();//cannot convert from 'const char *' to 'char *'；

正确的用法是：

const char *str = GetString();

b.如果函数返回值采用“值传递方式”，由于函数会把返回值**到外部临时的存储单元中，加const修饰没有任何价值。 如不要把函数int GetInt(void) 写成const int GetInt(void)。

3.const成员函数的声明中，const关键字只能放在函数声明的尾部,表示该类成员不修改对象.

说明：

const type m; //修饰m为不可改变

示例：

typedef char * pStr; //新的类型pStr;

char string[4] = "abc";

const char *p1 = string；

p1++; //正确，上边修饰的是*p1,p1可变

const pStr p2 = string;

p2++; //错误，上边修饰的是p2，p2不可变,*p2可变

同理，const修饰指针时用此原则判断就不会混淆了。

const int *value; //*value不可变，value可变

int* const value; //value不可变，*value可变

const (int *) value; //(int *)是一种type,value不可变,*value可变

//逻辑上这样理解，编译不能通过，需要tydef int* NewType;

const int* const value;//*value,value都不可变

(12)continue

结束当前循环，开始下一轮循环.Forces transfer of control to the controlling expression of the **allest enclosing do, for, or while loop.

(13)default

switch语句中的默认分支.None of the constants match the constants in the case labels; a default label is present.Control is transferred to the default label.

(14)delete

经常用于动态内存分配的语句,Deallocates a block of memory.

(15)do

在do-while循环结构中开始循环体.Executes a statement repeatedly until the specified termination condition (the expression) evaluates to zero.

(16)double

声明双精度变量或函数.

(17)else

条件语句否定分支(与 if 连用).

(18)enum

声明枚举类型.The name of each enumerator is treated as a constant and must be unique within the scope where the enum is defined.

(19)explicit

This keyword is a declaration specifier that can only be applied to in-class constructor declarations. An explicit constructor cannot take part in implicit conversions. It can only be used to explicitly construct an object.

(20)export

MSDN只说The export keyword is not supported on templates.一种导出语句吧..

(21)extern

extern 意为“外来的”···它的作用在于告诉编译器：有这个变量，它可能不存在当前的文件中，但它肯定要存在于工程中的某一个源文件中或者一个Dll的输出中。声明变量是在其他文件中声明(也可以看做是引用变量).Objects and variables declared as extern declare an object that is defined in another translation unit or in an enclosing scope as having external linkage.

(22)false,true

bool类型的两个枚举值.

(23)float

声明浮点型变量或函数.

(24)for

一种循环语句(可意会不可言传).Use the for statement to construct loops that must execute a specified number of times.

(25)friend

声明友元函数或者类.The friend keyword allows a function or class to gain access to the private and protected members of a class.

(26)goto

无条件跳转语句.Performs an unconditional transfer of control to the named label.

(27)if

条件语句.Controls conditional branching.常与else一起用.

(28)inline

声明定义内联函数,编译时将所调用的代码嵌入到主函数中.The inline specifiers instruct the compiler to insert a copy of the function body into each place the function is called.

(29)int

声明整型变量或函数.

(30)long

声明长整型变量或函数.

(31)mutable

This keyword can only be applied to non-static and non-const data members of a class. If a data member is declared mutable, then it is legal to assign a value to this data member from a const member function.

(32)namespace

Dynamically imports an element behavior into a document.

(33)new

动态内存分配.Allocates memory for an object or array of objects of type-name from the free store and returns a suitably typed, nonzero pointer to the object.

(34)operator

The operator keyword declares a function specifying what operator-symbol means when applied to instances of a class.

(35)private

类私有函数和数据成员的标示.When preceding a list of class members, the private keyword specifies that those members are accessible only from member functions and friends of the class. This applies to all members declared up to the next access specifier or the end of the class.

(36)protected

The protected keyword specifies access to class members in the member-list up to the next access specifier (public or private) or the end of the class definition.

(37)public

When preceding a list of class members, the public keyword specifies that those members are accessible from any function. This applies to all members declared up to the next access specifier or the end of the class.

(38)register

声明积存器变量.The register keyword specifies that the variable is to be stored in a machine register, if possible.这个关键字命令编译器尽可能的将变量存在CPU内部寄存器中,而不是通过内存寻址访问,从而提高效率。

(39)return

子程序返回语句(可以带参数，也看不带参数),返回函数调用点.Terminates the execution of a function and returns control to the calling function (or, in the case of the main function, transfers control back to the operating system). Execution resumes in the calling function at the point immediately following the call.

(40)short

声明短整型变量或函数.

(41)signed,unsigned

声明有符号类型变量或函数;声明无符号类型变量或函数.

(42)static

声明静态变量.When modifying a variable, the static keyword specifies that the variable has static durationinitializes it to 0 unless another value is specified.

(43)struct

声明结构体变量或函数.struct 类型是一种值类型，通常用来封装小型相关变量组.

(44)switch

Allows selection among multiple sections of code, depending on the value of an integral expression.

(45)template

模板.The template declaration specifies a set of parameterized classes or functions.

(46)this

The this pointer is a pointer accessible only within the nonstatic member functions of a class, struct, or union type.

(47)typedef

用以给数据类型取别名.Introduces a name that, within its scope, becomes a synonym for the type given by the type-declaration portion of the declaration.

(48)typeid

typeid is used to get the Type for a type at compile time.

(49)typename

Tells the compiler that an unknown identifier is a type.Use this keyword only in template definitions.

(50)union

声明联合数据类型.A union is a user-defined data or class type that, at any given time, contains only one object from its list of members (although that object can be an array or a class type).

(51)using

The using declaration introduces a name into the declarative region in which the using declaration appears.

(52)virtual

声明虚基类或虚函数.The virtual keyword declares a virtual function or a virtual base class.

(53)void

声明函数无返回值或无参数，声明无类型指针.

When used as a function return type, the void keyword specifies that the function does not return a value. When used for a function's parameter list, void specifies that the function takes no parameters. When used in the declaration of a pointer, void specifies that the pointer is "universal."

(54)volatile

说明变量在程序执行中可被隐含地改变,表明某个变量的值可能在外部被改变，优化器在用到这个变量时必须每次都小心地重新读取这个变量的值，而不是使用保存在寄存器里的备份。The volatile keyword is a type qualifier used to declare that an object can be modified in the program by something such as the operating system, the hardware, or a concurrently executing thread.

(55)wchar_t

宽字.

(56)while

循环语句的循环条件

appoint的短语用法是什么意思

appoint表示 任命，委派; 约定的意思，能够和appoint搭配成 短语 的词汇有哪些你清楚吗，现在跟着我一起学习下面为大家整理的appoint的短语搭配吧，希望对你有帮助哦!

appoint的短语

appoint for(v.+prep.)

为(某事)约定(时间) fix (a time) for (a purpose)

appoint sth for sth

Appoint the time and place for the meeting.决定开会的时间和地点吧。

We must appoint a day for the next meeting.我们要为下次会议确定个日子。

appoint to(v.+prep.)

任命 choose ** for a position

appoint ** to sth

As president, he appointed men to his cabinet whom he considered most capable for the job.作为总统,他委派最能干的人到内阁供职。

They appointed him to a high office.他们任命他做高级官吏。

The Dragon King was overjoyed and appointed the turtle to a very high position.龙王大喜,给了乌龟很高的官职。

appoint相关 同义词 辨析

appoint, designate, assign, name, nominate

这些动词均有"任命，委派"之意。

appoint ：通常指不经过选择的官方委任。

designate ：书面用语，侧重当权者或机构的选拔或任命，有时含强行指定的意味。

assign ：常指给一群人或个人分配、分派、指派或委派任务。

name ：普通用词，着重任命的结果，而不是过程。

nominate ：通常指为某一公职选择候选人，并将其提交给有决定权的人作最后决定。

appoint的短语例句

1. "Why didn't you appoint Ron twelve months ago?"—"Good question."

“你为什么12个月前不任命罗恩呢?”——“问得好。”

2. He promised to appoint an AIDS czar to deal with the disease.

他许诺任命一位艾滋病大使来应对这种疾病。

3. Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appoint-ments.

我们的计划是分派一位职员处理预约事宜。

4. The Prime Minister has the power to di**iss and appoint senior ministers.

首相有权任免高级部长。

5. You may appoint a proxy to vote for you.

你可以委托他人代你投票.

6. Appoint the time and place for the meeting.

决定开会的时间和地点吧.

7. We must appoint a day to meet again.

我们要约定好下次会面的日期.

8. The draft would give the president the power to appoint the central bank's chairman.

该草案将授权总统任命中央**行长。

9. His appoint-ment is a complete surprise — he has never been mentioned as a front runner.

他的任命完全出人意料——他从来都不是呼声最高的候选人。

10. I have resigned, and they have a free hand to appoint whom they like in my place.

我已经辞职了，他们可以放开手脚任命他们喜欢的人来顶替我的位置。

11. The company decided to appoint a Japanese manager as president of the company. The decision came as a bolt from the blue.

公司决定任命一位日籍经理担任总裁。这个决定太出乎意料了。

12. The State Council exercises the function and power to appoint and remove administrative personnel according to the provisions of the law.

国务院有依照法律规定行使任命行政人员的职权.

13. It made sense to appoint a banker to this job.

指派一位**家做这份工作是明智之举。

14. We shall appoint eight o'clock as the time to begin.

我们确定8点钟开始.

15. Mel paused, to let his appoint sink home, before continuing.

梅尔稍停了一下, 好让大家都吃透他的论点后, 再继续说下去.

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