cfa报名怎么有9个职业问题?

高 顿 财 经CFA课程解答：

CFA报名的9个职业问题（Professional Conduct Inquiry），选择答案“NO"就好。

下面是这9个职业问题，可以熟悉下。

1 of 9

Suspension

Are you currently, or within the last five years have you been, temporarily suspended by a regulatory organization or judicial court from participation in the financial services markets or from association with a financial services institution?

Yes, I am currently or have recently been temporarily suspended.

No

2 of 9

Expulsion

Are you currently, or within the last five years have you been, permanently or indefinitely barred or expelled by a regulatory organization or judicial court from participation in the financial services markets or association with a financial services institution?

Yes, I am currently or have recently been permanently or indefinitely barred or expelled.

No

3 of 9

Trading Prohibitions and Restrictions

In the last five years, have you been denied trading privileges on a securities or contract market, been denied registration under a law or regulation, or prohibited from acting as an affiliated person or employee of a financial services institution?

Yes, I have recently been denied trading privileges, registration, or affiliation.

No

4 of 9

Convictions (More Severe)

Have you ever been convicted of a crime punishable by one year or more in prison or jail (or otherwise defined as a felony)?

Yes, I have been convicted of a crime punishable by more than one year (felony).

No

5 of 9

Convictions (Less Severe)

In the last five years, have you been convicted of a crime punishable by less than one year in prison or jail (or otherwise defined as a misdemeanor) involving lying, cheating, stealing or other dishonest conduct?

Yes, I have been convicted of a crime punishable by less than one year (misdemeanor) that involved dishonest conduct.

No

6 of 9

Damage Claims

In the last five years, has your professional conduct, in a direct or supervisory capacity, been the subject of a lawsuit, arbitration, complaint, or other claim for damages that was resolved for an amount exceeding US$ 20,000?

Yes, I have recently been the subject of legal action or a complaint for damages.

No

7 of 9

Disciplinary Action

In the last five years, has a regulatory organization, judicial court, or financial services institution withheld commissions or imposed a monetary fine on you in an amount exceeding US$ 20,000?

Yes, I have recently had commissions withheld or a fine imposed on me.

No

8 of 9

Assisting in a Violation

In the last five years, has a regulatory organization or judicial court found your conduct caused another person or financial services institution to violate a securities or commodities-related law, rule or regulation?

Yes, I was recently found to have caused another person to violate a securities or commodities-related regulation.

No

9 of 9

Caused Suspension or Expulsion

In the last five years, has a regulatory organization or judicial court found that your conduct caused another person or financial services institution to be temporarily suspended, or indefinitely or permanently barred or expelled, from participation in the financial services markets or association with a financial services institution?

Yes, I was recently found to have caused another person or institution to be temporarily or permanently suspended or expelled.

No

沙祖康在各个场合的英文发言

Statement at the 2000 Review Conference of the

Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

24 April 2000

New York

Mr. President,

First of all, I wish to extend, on behalf of the Chinese Delegation, our sincere congratulations to you upon your election as the President of this Conference. I am confident that with your wisdom, talent and rich diplomatic experience, you will lead the conference to a success. I would like to assure you of my delegation's full support and cooperation in your work. I would also like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to Amb. Pasi Patokallio of Finland, Amb. Tadeusz Strulak of Poland and Amb. Camilo Reyes Rodriguez of Colombia, Chairmen of the past three sessions of the Preparatory Committee, for the valuable work they have done.

Mr. President,

At the beginning of the new millennium, while hopeful for the future, we are deeply aware of the heavy responsibilities on our shoulders. In the course of the development of human history, the advancement of science and technology and the spread of knowledge have led us out of ignorance and backwardness and have brought about civilization and progress. However, on its road towards the prosperity and happiness, mankind has suffered repeated scourges of war. The two world wars in the twentieth century left mankind with memories of blood and tears. Later on, the confrontation between the eastern and western blocs caused people to live under the shadow of danger of the war during the Cold War period which lasted for more than forty years. With such bitter experience, people all the more long for peace and stability. The achievement of lasting peace and sustainable development have become the common desire of the people of the world.

After the end of Cold War, there was, for a period of time, some relaxation of tension in the international situation. But peace has not been achieved in the world. Recently, there has been an increase of unstable and uncertain elements in the international security. The world is undergoing the most profound and complicated changes since the end of Cold War.

Mr. President,

Just as the Treaty's name suggests, the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons is naturally one of the major goals of the NPT. In 1995, we agreed on the indefinite extension of the Treaty, which represents a significant milestone in the prevention of nuclear weapons proliferation, promotion of nuclear disarmament process and realization of a nuclear-weapon-free world. However, it is regrettable that, only three years later, the nuclear explosions, first in Rajasthan and then in Baluchistan cast a dark shadow over the future of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. The international community responded strongly. UN Security Council Resolution 1172 established the correct principle and direction for the solution to the nuclear issue in South Asia. It is regrettable, however, that little substantive progress has registered and Resolution 1172 has yet to be implemented.

We have taken note of the fact that the two countries in South Asia declared that they would conduct "no more new nuclear tests" or "would not be the first to conduct new nuclear tests" and "would not impede the entry-into-force of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)". We urge the two countries to honour their commitments. At the same time, it should be stressed that Resolution 1172 reflects the common will of the international community on the South Asia nuclear issue, therefore the authority and integrity of the Resolution must be safeguarded. The two countries should fully implement the resolution at an early date.

...

Mr. President,

With the advancement of science and technology, the deepening of the globalization process and the advent of the information age, there will be more and more difficulties to prevent nuclear weapons proliferation. Practice shows that it is impossible to realize the goal of non-proliferation only by the traditional means of blocking or suppression. How to effectively prevent the nuclear weapons proliferation under the new circumstance? This must be answered by the whole international community. China is of the view that further efforts should be made in the following three areas in order to address the non-proliferation issue. Firstly, establishing a global security environment of stability, cooperation and mutual trust, which will be the basic guarantee for the prevention of nuclear weapons proliferation. It is known to all that an important reason for some countries to allocate huge financial resources to the development of weapons of mass destruction is the lack of a sense of security and the need to seek an effective way for self protection. The establishment of a favorable international environment, the insistence on the peaceful solution of international disputes and security for all the members of the international community will help remove the motives of some countries to acquire weapons of mass destruction. Secondly, to abolish double or multi-standards in the field of nuclear non-proliferation is the prerequisite for the success of nuclear non-proliferation. The purpose of nuclear non-proliferation should be the enhancement of the security of all states. The implementation of the NPT should be used as the sole criterion. Non-proliferation must not just serve the security interest of a **all number of countries. Much less should the likes or dislikes of a country be taken as a criterion for judgement. Otherwise, the credibility of the nuclear non-proliferation regime would be undermined and the extensive support lost. Thirdly, in the framework of collective security, the enhancement of international unity, cooperation and common efforts is the only correct and effective way to solve the problem of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Without the cooperation with other countries, no country, no matter how strong it is, can reach the goal of non-proliferation by only relying on its own power and the power of its allies. Any trend or action of unilaterali** runs counter to the main tide of the non-proliferation efforts.

Mr. President,

The Nuclear-Weapon States must faithfully implement their obligations for nuclear disarmament. This is the necessary guarantee for the maintenance of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. The indefinite extension of the NPT unconditionally agreed upon by the non-nuclear-weapon states by no means endorses the indefinite right to own nuclear weapons by the Nuclear-Weapon States.

.....

We have noticed that when the Russian Federation ratified the START II, it declared that if the United States undermines the 1972 ABM treaty, that would prompt Moscow to withdraw from START II as well as all the other arms control agreements. History shows that, as the cornerstone of the global strategic balance and stability, the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) treaty concluded in 1972 has provided the necessary security framework for the USA and Russia cut down their nuclear stockpiles and played an indispensable and crucial role in assuring the continuous progress in their bilateral nuclear disarmament process. Relying on its overwhelmingly superior strength in economy, science and technology, a certain military power, notwithstanding its large nuclear arsenals with overkill capability, is vigorously pursuing the development of national missile defense (NMD) system in an attempt to seek absolute security for itself. Regardless whether an absolute security is achievable, such action is tantamount to nuclear arms build-up, which will not only bring severe damage to the integrity and vitality of the ABM treaty and the global strategic balance and stability, but also seriously disrupt the basis for the US-Russia bilateral nuclear reductions, impede the international nuclear disarmament process, thus shatter the prerequisite and basis for international nuclear non-proliferation. Russia's ratification of START II and CTBT has let in a light of hope for the nuclear disarmament process and we hope that the countries concerned can seize this opportunity and get back on the right track of arms control and disarmament, a track has been proven feasible in the decade after the end of Cold War.

Mr. President,

China's nuclear weapons are solely for the purpose of self-defense. It has therefore always practiced utmost restraint in its nuclear weapons development. Starting from the first day it came into possession of nuclear weapons, China has unconditionally undertaken not to be the first to use nuclear weapons. Also without any condition, it has committed itself not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon States or nuclear-weapon-free zones. China has never evaded its responsibilities and obligations for nuclear disarmament and has been advocating the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons. In all seriousness and with responsibility, it participated in the CTBT negotiations and was among the first to sign that Treaty. The Chinese Government has formally submitted the Treaty to the National People's Congress for examination and ratification. In the meantime, it must be emphasized that there are two basic prerequisites for China to participate in any arms control negotiations, nuclear arms control in particular, namely, these negotiations and ensuring the treaties or agreements must not compromise the global strategic balance and stability, nor undermine China's national security interests. In defiance of the strong opposition from the international community, a certain country is bent on developing the NMD disruptive to the global strategic stability. This and other profound changes that have taken place recently in the international security environment will inevitably affect China's arms control policy.

...

Mr. President,

Promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy is one of the three objectives of the NPT. Nuclear power is a clean and highly efficient energy with tremendous potentials. Nuclear technology has been widely applied in many aspects of human life.

As a developing country with certain capabilities in nuclear industry, China adheres to the relevant provisions of the NPT and actively carries out mutually beneficial international cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. China has signed agreements of cooperation in peaceful uses of nuclear energy with governments of sixteen countries including the Russian Federation, France and others. China has also helped developing countries in the fields of nuclear power, nuclear medical science and the application of nuclear technologies.

....

Mr. President,

NPT is the most important international treaty on arms control and has the widest representation. Now the international situation is undergoing great changes and disarmament efforts are at a critical crossroad. Under such circumstances, it is of great importance to ensure the success of this Conference for the benefit of reinforcing the international nuclear non-proliferation regime, promoting the international nuclear disarmament and enhancing world peace and stability. It is China's sincere hope that a final document can be produced by consensus at the end of the conference, which will mark the success of the Conference. As for the final document, it is not important whether it is one paper divided into two parts of reviewing and forward-looking or two separate papers. What is important is that the document should give an accurate evaluation of the implementation of the Treaty in the past five years and make practical arrangements on what goals should be reached in the next five years. It is the first review conference since the indefinite extension in 1995 and we should cherish such a historic opportunity, overcome various kinds of negative elements and strive for a consensus on all major issues with a prudent, responsible and flexible attitude, so as to establish a good foundation for the future review and implementation of the Treaty.

Mr. President,

I would like to wrap up my speech by quoting a paragraph from the statement of Chinese Vice Premier Qian Qichen at the United Nations General Assembly in 1994: "Since mankind has been able to make nuclear weapons and tap nuclear energy for peaceful purpose in the 20th century, we are confident that in the 21st century they will certainly be able to completely ban and destroy nuclear weapons and fully harness nuclear energy to enhance their own welfare". It is not an inaccessible goal. The key lies in whether there is enough political will for each and every country to realize this goal. We have entered the twenty-first century and it is up to us to choose whether to live under the shadow of nuclear weapon threat or in the sunlight of peace and happiness. May all the peace and freedom-loving people in the world join hands to strive for a nuclear-weapon-free world!

Thank you, Mr. President.

"Some Thoughts on Non-Proliferation"

Speech at the 7th Annual Carnegie International Non-Proliferation Conference on

Repairing the Regime

11-12 January 1999

Washington, D.C.

To begin with, let me first thank the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace for inviting me to attend this Conference. It is a pleasure and an honor for me to have this opportunity to exchange views on Issues related to the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) with so many high governmental officials and distinguished scholars.

I

The good momentum of the international non-proliferation efforts maintained since the end of the Cold War was severely interrupted by the Indian and Pakistani nuclear tests last May. How to repair and consolidate the damaged international non-proliferation regime is a pressing task facing us today. Whether we can cope with it effectively will have far-reaching impacts on the future development of the international situation. I'd like to share with you some of my thoughts on this issue from the nuclear, biological, chemical and missile perspectives.

...

II

Compared to the nuclear non-proliferation regime, the international regime against the proliferation of chemical and biological weapons, which is based on the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), is more justified and less discriminatory, but it's by no means problem-free.

...

III

Devoid of any legal basis in international law, missile non-proliferation is the most under-developed part of the entire International nonproliferation regime. As the founders of the Missile and Technology Control Regime (MTCR) admitted, MTCR is just a time-winning device. Its purpose is to delay missile proliferation rather than provide a comprehensive solution to this problem. Even this limited role was somehow diminished by the regime's lack of objective criteria, and the double standard applied by certain MTCR members in implementing requirements of the regime. Recent developments have shown that the risk of missile proliferation is increasing. It is time for the international community to take a collective look at the missile proliferation issue, including MTCR, and explore better ways to combat this danger.

One cannot discuss missile proliferation without mentioning Theater Missile Defense (TMD). We are deeply concerned about certain countries' efforts to develop advanced TMD or even NMD, for the following reasons:

First, the development of advanced TMD or even NMD will have negative impacts on the regional or even global strategic stability. Like nuclear weapons, missiles can proliferate both horizontally and vertically. If a country, in addition to its offensive power, seeks to develop advanced TMD or even NMD, in a attempt to attain absolute security and unilateral strategic advantage for itself, other countries will be forced to develop more advanced offensive missiles. This will give rise to a new round of arms race, and will be in nobody's interest. To avoid such a situation, it is extremely important to maintain and strengthen the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM). During the Cold War, ABM was one of the cornerstones of the strategic stability between the United States and the former Soviet Union, which made it possible for the two countries to make deep cuts into their respective nuclear arsenals. After the Cold War, with the world moving rapidly towards multi-polarity, the significance of ABM Treaty has increased rather than decreased. Some scholars have put forward the idea of making the ABM Treaty a multilateral treaty. I think this is an idea worthy of our serious consideration.

Secondly, transferring TMD systems to other countries or region, or jointly developing them with other counties, will inevitably result in the proliferation of missile technology. Missile and anti-missile technologies are related. Many of the technologies used in antimissile systems are easily applicable in offensive missiles. This is one of the main reasons why China stands against the cooperation between the United States and Japan to develop TMD and opposes any transfer of TMD systems to Taiwan. We hope that the U.S. government could take a more cautious and responsible attitude on this matter. China's opposition to U.S. transfers of TMD to Taiwan is also based on another major concern, namely, its adverse impact on China's reunification. TMD in Taiwan will give the pro-independence forces in Taiwan a [else sense of security, which may incite them to reckless moves. This can only lead to instability across the Taiwan Strait or even in the entire North-East Asian region.

These are my views on some non-proliferation issues. In conclusion, I wish to emphasize that the proliferation problem cannot be solved without taking the large international environment into consideration. It is important that a fair and just new world order be established, whereby all states treat each other with equality. The big and powerful should not bully the **all and the weak. And all disputes should be solved peacefully, without resort to the use or threat of force. This is the most effective way to remove the fundamental motivations of countries for the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction, thus the best approach to non-proliferation.

“If Americans expect China to take into account their concerns, it would be only logical and natural that we would expect our American friends to address out concerns, security concerns, among which the (U.S.) arms sales to Taiwan is most important.”

“Disarmament should be conducive to the enhancement of every country's general security instead of becoming the instrument and means for a few countries to strengthen their military superiority by weakening or restricting other countries.”

“We firmly believe that with the deployment of the American National Missile Defense Program, it will certainly affect the security of China.”

“Controlling tobacco is a long-term, difficult and complicated public health task, it is also a social and economic issue that needs a strong policy.”

“We have established a legal framework for tobacco control and public health development, by publishing Law on Tobacco Monopoly, Advertisement Law, Law on the Protection of Minors, Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency as well as State Council's Regulation on Public Places Hygiene Management.”

“The Chinese government will follow the relevant stipulations of the convention to improve its related laws and regulations, strictly control **oking in public spaces and strengthen regulation of tobacco production and business activities.”

高分悬赏英文版的电动车的说明书。急用！！

中文和英文版本。字数限制，只写了英文!

First, electric car use environmental condition

Electric car when exwork uses by an examination.

(1) main technical performance request

(1) electric car highest speed should not be bigger than 20km/h.

(2) electric car entire vehicle quality should not be bigger than 40kg.

(3) electric car must have the good foot pedal to ride the good function.

After a (4) electrically operated bicycle charge continues the course to be supposed not to be **aller than 25km.

(5) electrically operated bicycle makes the electrically operated uniform speed rides when the line the noise by the maximum speed to be supposed not to be bigger than 62db.

(6) hundred kilometers electricity consume should not be bigger than 1.2kwh.

(7) electrically operated bicycle electric motor fixed continuously output should not be bigger than 240W.

(2) entire vehicle safety requirements

(1) the maximum speed electric bicycles to electric ride, the dry braking distance should be not more than 4m, wet braking distance should be not more than 15m.

(2) electric bicycle tire wheel width should be not more than 54mm. Frame / Front * combination of the impact / shock strength of the riser, the horizontal tubes, wheels, saddle, pedal should be in accordance with the provisions of GB3565-1993.

(3) electric cars should be equipped with a headlight and reflector before and after reflector, side reflector, should be returned to its port after device installed.

(4) the installation of electrical systems in place, the correct polarity, the system of electrical installations should comply with the requirements of GB3565-1993. Current electrical wiring should be adapted to ensure that electrical safety can * ride.

(5) of the electrical system to take water-resistant measures, the system should not be used for exposed wiring, and electrical parts of the body shell should not be charged, the insulation resistance value should be not less than 2MΩ.

(6) of the battery electric bicycle should be a good seal. Under normal conditions, the installation location, charge, discharge, when there should be no leakage of fluid phenomena. The nominal battery voltage should be not more than 48V.

(7) electric bicycle brake power devices should be in the brake should be able to automatically cut off the power first.

(8) electric bicycle controller should have the under-voltage, over-current protection function and short-circuit device. Riding in the electric, the speed should be stable.

(C) vehicle assembly requirements

(1) electric bike models require assembly should not be installed the wrong equipment and leakage.

(2) electric bicycle fastening the fasteners should be in place, the rotating parts should be flexible operation.

(3) of the symmetric components in the frame center should be symmetrical face can not be significantly skewed.

(4) variable-speed devices and the braking system should be fitted correctly, flexible manipulation.

(5) Electric Bicycle Fixed pieces of moving parts and does not allow grazing.

(6) radial rim, beating the volume of a round face, with a rim前后轮*, frame-ping, Li * on both sides of space relative deviation, relative deviation前后轮center surface are consistent with the provisions of GB/T3566-1993.

(D) the appearance of vehicle requirements

(1) Electric Bicycle parts of the exposed surface should be clean, no dirt, no rust, trademarks, decals should be complete, clear, correct position.

(2) electric vehicle plastic parts of the color of the surface should be uniform, non-obvious edge, scratch, crack and sag.

(3) of the plating over the exposed parts in line with the provisions of QB/T1217-1991.

(4) over the exposed parts of the paint in line with the provisions of QB/T1218-1991.

(5) pieces of aluminum alloy exposed in line with the provisions of QB/T1284-1995.

(E) electric vehicle is subject to 100km cycling road test

During the trial process can not occur in all parts of the broken vehicle and electrical control system is damaged or invalid parts. Cycling can not afford to lose its electrical function.

(Vi) electric cars must be manual and have the following

(1) read the manual carefully to understand the performance of electric bike before, do not use electric bicycles, not to lend will not manipulate people riding electric bike.

(2) of the horizontal tubes, the risers, saddles, saddle tube and wheel torque fasteners should be tightened Recommended: should be noted that the riser pipe and the saddle of the safety line.

(3) parts lubrication, lubrication oil lubrication cycle and recommended.

(4) right up the chain tight and adjustment method.

(5) the adjustment of brakes and brake Paper on the proposed change, pay attention to rain, snow riding should increase the braking distance.

(6) electric motors, controllers, batteries and maintenance of the correct method to use.

(7) the correct charger, the safe use of the method.

(8) GB/17761-1999 standards in Appendix A (the standard in Appendix) the technical parameters and performance indicators.

Second, the use of electric cars Notes

(A) must comply with operating requirements for electric bikes.

(B) the design standards of electric vehicles for load 75kg, over 90kg when the load, the battery and motor will be damaged.

(C) a long time the battery can not be shelved, shelved charge at least once a month. After cycling the battery discharge must be kept fully charged, it will be a great impact on battery life, will cause serious end-of-life battery.

(D) When the power is exhausted, the system will automatically power off. However, after power off, battery and counter-dancing's "virtual" voltage (reactive power and voltage), then must be recharged after use, otherwise it will create over discharge the battery, which will damage the battery can not be repaired.

(E) electric bicycle trip mileage continued 40-50km. The actual trip mileage continued use will be affected by many factors (such as frequent brake, start, road surfaces, the temperature is too low, on steep slopes, wind speed and under-inflated tires, heavy load) the impact.

(F) attention to the front of the display instrument. Power to open, the electric vehicle can ride at a state, a red LED power indicator light, while green, yellow LED power indicator light, with power cycling, when the green light, yellow light is off, that is about to run out of battery power, at the moment electric ride should stop as soon as possible to the battery charge.

(Vii) pre-riding all the preparatory work must be ready to ensure ride safety.

(1) get off the ground, sliding on and off is prohibited in order to ensure the safety of users.

(2) on the car before opening the power lock switch, and get off before the power lock-off switch.

(3) adjusting the saddle and handlebar height, saddle attention may not be exposed riser pipe and the safety line.

(4) should be slow to speed up cycling. From 0-20km / h, acceleration time is not less than 10S, in order to maintain **ooth traffic.

(5) to minimize the number of start. Rapid economic growth of the car (the most power to speed) is generally 16-18km / h.

(6) attention to the braking distance when the ride is generally 4m, the rain increased to double the braking distance.

(H) the horizontal pipe, the riser of the tightened torque for the 16-18N.m.

(I) saddle, saddle tightened torque tube fasteners for the 18-20N.m.

(J) torque for fastening the rear 40-45N.m; front fastening torque for the 18-20N.m.

(K) before the gate skin wheel should be parallel surface pressure, the level of consistency. Paper gates of the space and the wheel is not more than 3mm; brake tightness to grip the handle away from the gate to be able to check the appropriate 10mm. Not the brake, the brake and the skin may not be any part of the wheel contact, gate Paper obvious wear and tear should be replaced in time to avoid injury Rim.

(12) should be elastic spokes, chains grazing may not occur with the body. Adjustment, adjustable rear and the central axis of the distance from the chain up tight control in the 10-15mm.

(Xiii) the prohibition of lubricating rear.

(Xiv) to the appropriate tire pressure, caused by excessive deformation of aluminum circles; low crack caused by tire and inner tube bite; so that inner tube leakage.

(15) in charge should pay attention to:

(1) First, insert the battery charger output of the charging socket and then connect the power input AC 220V.

(2) red charging indicator light on the charger that the normal charge. Fully charged before the green indicator light, green light and then 1-3 hours for the best filling.

(3) finished first unplug the charger's AC power plug, then unplug and plug the battery connections.

(4) does not prohibit the charging, the time will be empty charger connected to the AC power on.

(5) can take to recharge the battery box can also be recharged in the vehicle directly.

(6) If the box had to recharge the battery, charge the battery box back into the end, we have to lock up, the battery box to prevent power outages caused by the phenomenon of loosening.

(7) directly in the vehicle when charging is prohibited to open the power supply electric bicycle lock, to prevent burning charger.

(8) charging the surrounding environment should be ventilation, no fire, be sure to use consistent with the configuration of the charger, the demolition of the battery box is strictly prohibited without permission.

(9) charger work on a child to reach in order to avoid the risk.

(10) light using light to avoid shock release.

(16) years and as far as possible to prevent the motor started, riding the best first human motor starting up again so as to avoid a zero start, the impact of too much current the battery, electrical and machinery life.

(17) should ride on rainy days to prevent the controller and motor in water, caused by short circuit damage.

(18) climbing, on the bridge, the wind speed and great battery-powered flow through the impact of motor and battery life, the best human-assisted riding at this time.

Third, the electric bicycle maintenance

(A) the maintenance of electrical and maintenance

(1) vehicle is sold prior to installation and commissioning to the best state, in use, please do not arbitrarily removable appliances and related components. Found that when riding tran**ission components such as the issue of abnormal sound, electricity and other unusual circumstances do not work, should be invited to professional maintenance repair division.

(2) motor are not required to adjust the normal use or maintenance, just some clean work surface to dust. Not to add components in the tran**ission oil.

(B) the maintenance of batteries and maintenance

(1) When the instrument panel red LED lights when the voltage that power into the hunger zone, should be charging. Charge will be timely to extend the battery life greatly. A day on the battery is fully charged, each charging time should be 8-12 hours. At any time to allow the battery to maintain state of abundance, of great benefit to their life. If after riding a timely charge, will be a great impact on battery life. May result in severe end-of-life battery.

(2) electric bike starts, should be slow to accelerate; in a larger gradient of the road and moving against the wind, it is best able to push enough support to avoid high-current discharge batteries to extend battery and motor life. Electrical components and to avoid burnout.

(3) long-term battery when not in use should be kept fully charged, and be not less than every three months to conduct a supplementary 24-hour charge.

(4) Rechargeable batteries should be in circulation in the air environment. * To avoid a nearby fire source, rechargeable battery pack when it would be preferable to remove in order to facilitate heat dissipation.

(5) batteries in the best working environment temperature

15 ℃ -40 ℃. In this temperature range, the battery will have an impact on the normal work.

(6) can not short-circuit the battery positive and negative side to avoid danger.

(7) can only use the manufacturers provide a dedicated charger for charging.

(8) battery is a special battery. Please do not as a power source other than electric bicycle use, so as to avoid battery damage.

(9) can not use organic solvents to clean the battery case. Accidents involving fires, fire can not use carbon dioxide, and carbon tetrachloride should be used like a fire extinguisher.

(10) with group electrical failure if, please sent to manufacturers or authorized and properly handle relevant agencies. Please do not arbitrarily discarded in order to avoid environmental pollution.

(11) ambient temperature higher than 40 ℃ or lower than -10 ℃, the battery life will be shortened. So when the summer heat, the battery should avoid direct sun. Low temperature in winter, the batteries should be stored indoors, and indoors for recharging. Battery fully charged, the charge should be extended for a further 2 hours.

(12) ambient temperature at -10 ℃, the battery can only produce 60% of electricity consumption. Therefore, the full power of winter mileage than a summer full of power to reduce a lot of mileage. Winter driving in the electric power when traveling for a good pedal.

(13) battery is a consumable, battery life is limited. Battery end-of-life period should be based on mileage full power can only be achieved once the state (25Km) for asses**ent of the half. That is, a fully charged mileage at less than 13Km termination of battery life, batteries should be replaced with new ones.

(14) summer electric vehicles will be prohibited on a long time exposure under the scorching sun.

(C) the maintenance and maintenance controllers

Controller in the electric bike has been factory adjusted to the best condition. If riding when an electrical malfunction or loss of control over the phenomenon of non-professional maintenance personnel can only be on the cable, connector inspection, if the fault can not be ruled out immediately and professional maintenance of contact points, or manufacturers.

谁知道a drink in the passage 中的历史背景 和里面提到的African mother and child的创作背景

A Drink in the Passage

Alan Paton Quotes

1. Cry, the beloved country, for the unborn child that is the inheritor of our fear. Let him not love the earth too deeply... For fear will rob him of all if he gives too much.

2. I envision someday a great, peaceful South Africa in which the world will take pride, a nation in which each of many different groups will be making its own creative contribution.

3. The Afrikaner has nowhere to go, and that’s why he would rather destroy himself than capitulate.

4. There is only one way in which one can endure man's inhumanity to man and that is to try, in one's own life, to exemplify man's humanity to man.

5. To give up the task of reforming society is to give up one's responsibility as a free man.

6. Who knows for what we live, and struggle, and die?... Wise men write many books, in words too hard to understand. But this, the purpose of our lives, the end of all our struggle, is beyond all human wisdom.

IV.Famous Lines from Cry, the Beloved Country

Cry, The Beloved Country is the famous African novel by Alan Paton. The story follows the journey a minister, who travels to the big city in search of his prodigal son. Cry, the Beloved Country is said to have been inspired (or influenced) by In a Province (1934). Alan Paton started the novel in 1946, and the book was finally published in 1948. Here are some famous lines from Cry, the Beloved Country by Alan Paton.

“One day in Johanne**urg, and already the tribe was being rebuilt, the house and soul being restored.”—From Chapter 6

“In a land of fear this incorruptibility is like a lamp set upon a stand, giving light to all that are in the house.”—Alan Paton, Chapter 22

“I have learned that kindness and love can pay for pain and suffering.”—Alan Paton, Chapter 30

“But when the dawn will come, of our emancipation, from the fear of bondage and the bondage of fear, why, that is a secret.”—Alan Paton,Chapter 35

“Nothing is ever quiet, except for fools.”—Alan Paton, Chapter 26

“It is not permissible to add to one’s possesions if these things can only be done at the cost of other men. Such development has only one true name, and that is exploitation.”—Alan Paton, Chapter 20

“The truth is, our civilization is not Christian; it is a tragic compound of great ideal and fearful practice, of loving charity and fearful clutching of possessions.”—Alan Paton, Chapter 21

Part II Background Information

I.Author Alan Paton (1903-1988)

“I do not like to mention it. But there is a voice I cannot silence.”—Paton

Paton, craggy old liberal, hater of and hated by apartheid, loved and unloved by the ANC, famous for Cry, the Beloved Country.

Alan Paton was born in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. He started his career by teaching  at a school in Ixopo. The dramatic career change to director of a reformatory for black youths at Diepkloof, near Johanne**urg, had a profound effect on his thinking. The publication of Cry, the Beloved Country (1948) made him one of South Africa’s best known writers, and by the time he died, it had sold over 15 million copies. Following his non-racial ideals, he helped to found the South African Liberal Party and became its president.

II. His Works Cry, the Beloved CountryPerhaps the most famous novel to come out of South Africa, Paton’s 1948 work brought to the notice of the world the dilemmas of ordinary South Africans living under an oppressive system, one which threatened to destroy their very humanity. Informed by Paton’s Christian and liberal beliefs, the novel tells of a rural Zulu parson’s heart-breaking search for his son, who has been drawn into the criminal underworld of the city. Cry, the Beloved Country has sold millions of copies around the world.

“Cry, the Beloved Country, —universal, liberal, reforming. Reads like an aloe in the cool morning, reads like the taste of soap in your mouth. His poetry, to my mind, is a truer voice. No breathtaking, romantic landscape: nature, particularly plants and sunlight, forms a spiritual cipher. There is a sense of individual tragedy as history catches up with itself. There is passion and tenderness. There is political comment, but also a flickering uncertainty absent from the mountainous liberali** of the novels.” —An anonymous comment

“Cry, the Beloved Country, however, is also a monument to the future. One of South Africa’s leading humanists, Alan Paton, vividly captured his eloquent faith in the essential goodness of people in his epic work.”

—Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa

1953. Too Late the Phalarope 1961. Debbie, Go Home

1968. Instrument of Thy Peace

1973. Apartheid and the Archbishop: the life and times of Geoffrey Clayton, Archbishop of Cape Town

1975. Knocking at the door 1980. Towards the Mountain

1981. Ah, but your land is beautiful

1986. Diepkloof: reflections of Diepkloof Reformatory

1988. Journey Continued 1995. Songs of Africa: collected poems

III.Apartheid

South Africa was colonized by the English and Dutch in the 17th century. English domination of the Dutch descendents (known as Boers or Afrikaners) resulted in the Dutch establishing the new colonies of Orange Free State and Transvaal. The discovery of diamonds in these lands around 1900 resulted in an English invasion which sparked the Boer War. Following independence from England, an uneasy power-sharing between the two groups held sway until the 1940’s, when the

Afrikaner National Party was able to gain a strong majority.

Strategists in the National Party invented apartheid as a means to cement their control over the economic and social system. Initially, aim of the apartheid was to maintain white domination while extending racial separation. Starting in the 1960s, a plan of “Grand Apartheid” was executed, emphasizing territorial separation and police repression.

With the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948, racial discrimination was institutionalized. Race laws touched every aspect of social life, including a prohibition of marriage between non-whites and whites, and the sanctioning of “white-only” jobs. In 1950, the Population Registration Act required that all South Africans be racially classified into one of three categories: white, black (African), or colored (of mixed decent). The coloured category included major subgroups of Indians and Asians. Classification into these categories was based on appearance, social acceptance, and descent. Non-compliance with the race laws were dealt with harshly. All blacks were required to carry “pass books” containing fingerprints, photo and information on access to non-black areas. In 1953, the Public Safety Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act were passed, which empowered the government to declare stringent states of emergency and increased penalties for protesting against or supporting the repeal of a law. The penalties included fines, imprisonment and whippings. In 1960, a large group of blacks in Sharpeville refused to carry their passes; the government declared a state of emergency. The emergency lasted for 156 days, leaving 69 people dead and 187 people wounded. Wielding the Public Safety Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act, the white regime had no intention of changing the unjust laws of apartheid.

The penalties imposed on political protest, even non-violent protest, were severe. During the states of emergency which continued intermittently until 1989, anyone could be detained without a hearing by a low-level police official for up to six months. Thousands of individuals died in custody, frequently after gruesome acts of torture. Those who were tried were sentenced to death, banished, or imprisoned for life, like Nelson Mandela. The apartheid policy was highly effective of achieving its goal of preferential treatment for whites, as is demonstrated by the statistics in Figure 1.

Part Three Text Appreciaton

I.Text Analysis

Plot of the story :

a well-educated black finds himself cordially invited to split a bottle with a white man in the passage of the latter’s apartment building

Setting of the story:

social setting: Apartheid South Africa in 1960

story setting: in the passage

Protagonists of the story: “I”—the black sculptor

Writing techniques of the story: go to Writing Devices

Theme of the story:

The story tells us how racial prejudice can prevent us reaching, touching and connecting with each other. This invisible wall exists between the white and the black and hampers their free communication and full understanding. It is not just a wall imposed by apartheid laws, but a wall deeply rooted in their hearts.