direction的词根词缀「intentional词根词缀」
单词记忆的办法
1.逻辑记忆:通过词的本身的内部逻辑关系,词与词之间的外部逻辑关系记忆单词。1)把几个字母看作做一个来记 如:"ight" light, right, fight, night, might, sight, tight 2)外旧内新,如:bridge “桥”看成 b+ridge ridge "山脊”sharp 看成 s+harp harp "竖琴。3)外新内旧,如:cleave “劈开”看成 c+leave, tact "机智:看成 t+act
2 联想记忆:1)音与形的联想,即根据读音规则记忆单词。2)形与义的联想,如:eye 把两个e看成两个眼。banana 把a看成一个个的香蕉。bird 把b和d看成两个翅膀。3)象声词,联想实际的声音,如:gong 锣 coo 咕咕声。
3.构词记忆:利用构词法,通过分析词根、前缀、后缀、派生和合成等记忆单词。

4.分类记忆:把单词进行分门类 如:动物,植物等,进行分类记忆。你可以找一本分类字典作为参考。
5.卡片记忆:自制作单词卡片随时随身进行记单词,卡片写上单词的词形、词性、词义、音标、搭配、例句等。
6.词典记忆:即背字典,这种方法是一种强行记忆的方法。它的缺点是容易忘记,只是孤立记住单词的意义。可以作为一种短时间的强化手段。
7.比较记忆:1)英汉比较 如:mama, cigar, beer, bar,fee等。2)单复数的比较 如:good-goods, spirit-spirits wood-woods 3)同音词的比较 如:right-write, eye-I 4)词的阴阳性的比较 如:actor-actress host-hostess
8.理解记忆:通过正确理解单词的本义、引申义和比喻义等如:second 是“秒”,它来源于古代的六分法,分,秒,它是二次划分, 因此second 也是“第二”,进一步引申,还可理解为“辅助”用这种方法特别适合那些一词多义的词。
9.联系记忆:记忆单词最好不要孤立地记,尽可能地和有关的东西联系来记。1)联系所学的文章大概意义,联系上下文,2)联系短语和搭配
10.感官记忆:记单词时,不要只用一种感官,尽可能地用多个感官,耳听、嘴读、手写、眼看、心记等。
11.软件记忆:有电脑的可利用电脑软件进行记单词,如:《开心背单词》、《开天辟地背单词》、《我爱背单词》等。
12.阅读记忆:通过阅读英语文章,小说等记忆单词,注意选择难度要适宜。
13.同义记忆:通过同义词一起进行单词记忆,可确切理解词义,这时不必注意它们的意义的区别。
14.反义记忆:通过反义词一起进行单词记忆,扩大了词义。
15.图表记忆:利用形象的图表进行记忆,它的优点是意、形、物直观的结合到一起。你可以找一本英语图解字典作为参考。
16.游戏记忆:通过自己和集体做游戏’在轻松愉快的气氛中进行记忆单词,你可以参照笔者主页上的“英语游戏”。
17.歌曲记忆:通过唱英语歌曲记忆单词,“听霸”“听力超人”等软件中有许多英文歌曲,并配有歌词和译文。
18.复习记忆:单词记住了,很快会忘掉,每隔一段时间要进行复习,巩固所学单词
19.商标记忆:通过看到的商标和广告随时随地进行记忆单词。
20.综合记忆:记忆单词最好综合利用多种方法,而不只是一种,利用各自的优点。
英语是拼音文字,其词形变化的一个主要而又传统的方式是增加前后缀,即在一个单词或词根的前后两个位置发生变化,可以说是直线型的。如comfort(v.安慰,使舒适)一词,加上后缀–able可变成comfortable(a. 舒适的),再加上后缀-ly可变成comfortably(ad. 舒适地),comfortable加上前缀un-又可变成uncomfortable(a. 不舒服的)。 在传统教学中,对于英语单词的学习记忆也因此多以词根词缀法为正统,当前的一些关于单词记忆方法的讨论也多是从英语的这一自身特点入手的。
中国的方块汉字作为表意文字则有所不同,最初的象形汉字即是一幅幅图画。一个中国汉字的字形能够在平面上的任意位置发生各种变化,可以说是平面型的。以“口”字为例, 口可以出现在汉字的上下左右各个位置,如“吾味足知”四个字以及“叵”、“器”字等,此外,两个口上下叠加可成“吕”,里外叠加可成“回”,三个口相叠加又可变为“品”,因而汉字字形的变化可谓是八面来风,变换无穷。中华文明数千年来,方块汉字的这种独特的字形变化形式对我们的记忆方式无疑会产生非常深刻的影响,使我们对文字“形”的变化的感知有较高的敏锐度和辨识能力。汉文化赋予我们世代承传的这一记忆优势能否帮助我们记忆英语单词呢?
答案应该是肯定的,我们已经习惯于记忆汉字“形”的能力同样可以用于记忆英语单词,从而发挥这一优势,扬已之长。具体来讲,就是不要拘泥于一个英语单词只在前后词缀上的变化,暂时撇开传统的英语单词构词法,通过观察识别单词在任何位置上的“形”的变化来记忆掌握它。这种方法由于与我们长期以来记忆汉字的固有方式存在着某种相通之处因而有可能更适合我们汉文化圈里的学习者。实际上,不同语言之间在存在必然差异的同时,也必然有许多相似共通之处,英语与汉语自然也不例外。这一点对于我们学习掌握英语词汇同样十分重要。
在英语词汇的学习中,面对大量生词常常使人感到枯燥乏味,一筹莫展。然而实际上,许多我们不认识的、貌似高深的英语词汇,仔细一看,竟是平常极熟悉的单词稍稍在词形上发生了些许变化而已(不指传统的词根、词缀变化),借助记忆汉字的方式,通过识别英语词汇词形上的变化,如增减、替换、拆分字母、或者改变单词字母的顺序等,并加以联想,往往能激发我们记忆生词的兴趣,提高记忆效率,取得事半功倍、信手拈来的效果。
汉字造字方式对英语单词记忆的借鉴
汉字的构造方式主要有四种,即象形、指事、会意和形声。我们就借用汉字的这几种造字方法,来看看象学汉字一样通过识别英语单词词形的变化学习记忆生词的方法和乐趣。
1 象形法记单词
汉字中的象形字是指把字画成象所代表的东西的样子,如“木”字,其原形就象是一棵树。在英语单词学习中我们也可以通过对单词中的一些字母的形状进行“象形化”的联想来帮助记忆或者区分易混淆的单词。
(1)avoid v. 避免 ovoid adj./n. 卵形的,卵形体
字母“o”不就是卵形的(ovoid)吗。识事务者为俊杰,生活中要避免(avoid)做以卵(ovoid)击石的傻事。
(2)eclipse n. (日、月)蚀 ellipse n. 椭圆(形)
eclipse中的“c”像一个圆缺了一块儿,正如日蚀、月蚀中被遮住了一部分,从而与ellipse区分开。
(3)friend n. 朋友 friend – r → fiend n. 恶魔,魔鬼
字母“r”像是一朵花,朋友(friend)来了有鲜花,魔鬼(fiend)来了有猎枪。
(4)wet adj. 湿的 wet + h → whet v. 磨快,**
字母“h”像不像是一把倒立的菜刀,磨刀时先把刀打湿(wet)了,才容易磨得快(whet)。
2 用记汉字的方式记英语单词
2 指事法记单词
汉字中的指事字是指在象形符号上加指示符号,或者用抽象的符号组成的方法来表示字义。如在象形字“木”下面加一抽象符号“-”,变成“本”字,原意即指树的根部,后演化为“基础”的意思。英语单词中也有一些字母有“指示”意义,可以帮助我们记忆生词。
(1)supper n. 晚餐 supper + c → scupper v. 伏击,使处于危难之中
将字母“c”联想为cup → 酒杯,这是不是鸿门宴,抑或是最后的晚餐?
(2)horse n. 马 horse + a → hoarse adj. 嘶哑的,粗哑的
字母“a”即表示 “一个”,联想记忆:一匹(a)声音嘶哑的(hoarse)马(horse),也许你太累了,也该歇歇了。
(3)care v. 关心,关怀 care + ss → caress v. 爱抚,抚摩
两个“s”表示双重复数,代表加倍的关心(care)——爱抚(caress)。
(4)bridge n. 桥 bridge – g → bride n. 新娘
字母“g” 代表女孩(girl),新娘(bride)出嫁,告别女孩时代(去掉字母g),也标志着跨过了人生一座桥(bridge)。
3 会意法记单词
汉字中的会意字和象形字类似,也是一种形象符号,只不过是会合两个或者多个字、符号的意义来表示一个新字的意义。如“木”字加单人旁“亻”合起来为“休”,表示人在树旁休息。英语中有大量的复合词即可视为“会意词”, 一些不是复合词的英语单词从会意字的角度进行拆分往往也有利于我们记忆。
(1)Oxford 牛津大学
ox(牛) + ford(渡口,浅滩) 牛过渡口,可以想见,当年的牛津大学也是一派水草丰盛、赶牛过河的田园风光,“牛津”二字的翻译亦传神也。
(2)bulletin n. 布告,公告
bullet + in “公告”(bulletin)象子弹(bullet)一样打入到(in)公众身上,在传播学理论中恰巧有一种理论就叫“子弹论”。
(3)amenable adj. 愿服从的,通情达理的
a + men + able一个人(a)面对一群人(men)时当然要多讲道理、顺从(amenable)一点啦,好汉不吃眼前亏嘛。
(4)tenacity n. 坚忍不拔,固执
ten + a + city 只剩下十个(ten)人了,还在坚守一座(a)城市(city),真可称得上不屈不挠、坚忍不拔(tenacity)了吧。
4 形声法记单词
汉字中的形声字一般由两个偏旁组成,一个形旁表示大而模糊的义类,一个声旁表示字的读音,如“木”与“风”组成“枫”字。英语单词中带有词根的单词都可以视为“形声词”,如英语词根test 表示“测试”、“试验”的意思,把下面均含有该词根的几个易混淆的单词放在一起记就容易多了。
testy adj. 暴躁的,性急的
detest v. 憎恶,深恶
protest n./v. **,反对
contest v. 竞争,比赛
attest v. 证明,证实
联想记忆:考试(test)常常让人着急上火(testy),引人反感(detest),甚至**(protest),但是,迄今为止还没有找到比考试更好的办法来进行公平的竞争(contest),从而公平地证明(attest)你我他的实力。因此,我们不得不继续将考试进行到底。
当然,也可以把上述方法进行综合,如omelet(n.煎蛋卷),可拆分为o+me+let ,把字母“o”想像成一个鸡蛋,然后从右往左看:让(let)我(me)吃一个鸡蛋(o)——“煎蛋卷”也不错哦。 记单词是不是变容易了!再来一个难度高点儿的:
giggle v. 咯咯笑
goggle n. 护目镜
gaggle n. 鹅群
giggle中的“i” ( i → I)表示“我”,所以giggle指人的笑;goggle中的“o”像一块圆圆的眼镜片,所以goggle指护目镜;gaggle中的“a”像一只腆着肚子蹒跚而行的胖鹅,所以gaggle指鹅群。
观察词形变化,巧记英语单词
借助记忆汉字的思维方式,通过辨识英语单词词形上的变化(不指传统的词根、词缀变化),如替换、增减、拆分字母、单词字母顺序发生变化等,加以联想,会大大提高记忆生词的兴趣和效率。"
3 用记汉字的方式记英语单词
1替换字母
一些词形相近的英语单词,相互之间仅仅是替换了字母而已,放在一起记并在其词意上进行联想,往往既有趣又容易记住。
(1)brain n. 大脑 drain v. 排水
brain drain “大脑流失”,即指常常令发展中国家头疼不已的“人才外流”。
(2)local adj. 地方的 vocal adj. 声音的,使用嗓音的
这不是一方水土,一方乡音吗?在朗朗的背词声中,你是否听到了熟悉的乡音?他乡遇故人,趁着高兴劲儿,大伙一块儿背单词吧。
(3)left n. 左边 deft adj. 灵巧的,熟练的
左撇子的左手肯定也是灵活自如、得心应手的啊!
(4)jelly n. 果子冻 jolly adj. 欢乐的,快乐的
把喜之朗果冻(jelly)发给小朋友时,你就会看到jolly 的情景。
2 加减字母
一些貌似高深的英语词汇,仔细一瞧,竟是我们平常极熟悉的单词增加或者减少一两个字母而已。
(1)view n. 观点
view - w → vie v. 竞争
百家争鸣(vie),观点(view)出新。
(2)her pron. 她,她的
her + d → herd n. 兽群 v. 聚集
留心观察一下,大学里各系系花(her)身后的众多追求者(herd)。
(3)defy v. 违抗,藐视
defy + i → deify v. 奉为神,崇拜
有“我”(i →I)时就崇拜(deify),无“我”(i)时就违抗(defy),岂不是阳奉阴违,当面一套,背后一套,生活中对这号人得特别小心。
(5)ear n. 耳朵
ear + l → earl n. 伯爵
p + earl → pearl n. 珍珠
在过去,贵人(如earl等)的相貌身世常常被描绘为“方面阔耳(ear)” 、“衔珠(pearl)而生”。
3 拆分字母(略,见“会意法记单词”)
4 字母调序
英语中有一类词叫“变形词”(anagram),即两个单词字母和字母数目都一样,只是字母排列的顺序不同,常见的如listen和silent 。 其实汉字中也有这种语言现象,如 “杏”、“呆”、“困”字等。
(1)coin n. 硬币
icon n. 偶像,圣像
硬币(coin)上的人物通常不就是社会公众的崇拜偶像(icon)吗?
(2)ample adj. 富足的,充足的
maple n. 枫树
想象一下,“枫叶之国”加拿大满山遍野的枫树的样子。
(3)martial adj. 尚武的,军事的
marital adj. 婚姻的
不打不相识,古今中外多少缘份都是这么得来的。背单词时,别忘了互相多考考。
(4)snake n. 蛇
sneak v. 鬼祟而行,偷窃
鬼祟而行(sneak),这不是蛇(snake)的正面特征吗?
最后需要指出的是,由于本方法是模仿汉字这种表意文字的记忆方式,通过借助于英语单词“词形”上的任何变化来进行联想记忆,没有考虑拼音文字传统的以音节、词根、词缀为记忆单元,因而有可能使一些人忽视所记英语单词的发音,这一点应当予以高度重视。所以读者最好给上文中自己不认识的生词注上音标以避免这类可能的忽视
关于英语单词的词根和前后缀
前缀 表否定的negative prefixes:a- dis- in- il- ir- im- non- un-
表否定的reversative prefixes;de- dis- un-
表贬义的pejorative prefixes;mal- mis- pseudo-
表程度大小等意义的prefixes of degree or size;arch- extra- hyper- macro- micro- mini- out- over- sub- super- sur- ul- tra- under-
还有些是anti- contra- counter- pro- extra- fore- inter- intra- tele- trans- ex- fore- post- pre- re- bi- multi- semi- tri- uni- auto- neo- pan- vice-
后缀 这里面有名词后缀 形容词后缀 满多满复杂的 自己去看看有关于词汇学的书 要简单看几个就能学会是不可能的
关于英语词缀
英语常见词根词缀表
使用说明:下表中黑体字部分为词根和前后缀及其变体;两斜杠之间的斜体字为词根词缀的
含义;其后是例词。变体和原体的含义相同,只是由于元音或辅音的发音关系,
原体发生了变化,产生了变体而已。
例如:在“a-, an- / without, lacking, not / asymmetric, apolitical, anemia”例条中,
a- 和 an- 为前缀,其中 an- 为 a- 的变体;/ without, lacking, not / 为该前缀的含
义;而asymmetric, apolitical和anemia为例词。
前缀:
a-, an- / without, lacking, not / asymmetric, apolitical, asexual, anemia, anarchy
ab-, a-, abs- / from, away from / abduct, abjure, abdication, avert, abstain
ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at- / to, forward / admit, adjure, accord, affliction,
aggregation, annexation, apparition, arraignment, assumption, attendance
ambi- / both / ambidextrous, ambivalent
amphi- / round, about / amphitheater, amphigens
an-, ana- / up; up through, back / anatomy, ****ysis, anachroni**
ante-, anti- / before / antecedent, antebellum, anticipate
anti- / counter, against / antibiotic, antibody, antisocial, antifascist
apo- / away, from / apostasy, apostle
ar-, arch- /chief, principal / archangel, archenemy, architect
be- / to make, to take from / belittle, befriend, betake, bespeak
belli- / war / belligerent, rebellious, bellicose
ben-, bon- / good, well / benefit, benediction, benign, bonus
bi- / two / bicycle, bilateral, bisect, bipolar, bivalence
biblio- / book / bibliography, bibliophile, Bible
by- / aside or apart from the common, secondary / by-product, bypass, byname
cat- / downwards, under, against / catacomb, catechise, catastrophe
circu-, circum- / around / circumnavigation, circumlocution, circumspection, circuit
com-, con-, col-, cor-, co- / together, with / combine, compassion, contract, concentric,
collaborate, correspond, cooperation
contra- / against / contradiction, contraband, contrast
de- / down from, away / decapitate, dehydrate, dehumanize, degrade
demi- / a half or a part of / demi-god, demilune, demiwolf
di-, dia- / through, across / diode, diameter, dialog, dialectics
dif-, dis- / not, the opposite, apart / different, diffuse, disagree, divert, dispel
dys- / badly, with difficulty, hard / dyscrasia, dyslexia, dyspepsia
e- / out / emigrant, egress, emit, elope, ejaculate, eject
ec-, ef-, ex- / an outcome of / effect, effulgence, ecstasy, eccentric, expire
em-, en- / to make / employ, embrace, enable, enrich
em-, en- / in, on, into / encage, enclose, embalm, emphasis, energy
epi- / on, outer, over / epidermis, epicenter, epitaph
equi- / equal / equilateral, equilibrium, equivalent
ex-, exo-, extra- / from, out of, without / export, exodus, exotic, ex-officio, extraordinary
eu- / beautiful, good / eulogize, eugenics, euphemi**
for- / not, against, away / forget, forbid, forgo, forfend
fore- / before, in front of / forehead, foretell, forefather
hemi- / a half / hemisphere, hemistich, hemicrania
hetero- / denoting dissimilarity / heterogeneous, heterodox, heterarchy
homo- / denoting similarity / homogeneous, homonym, homosexual
hydro- / water / hydraulics, hydrometer, hydropathy
hyper- / over, beyond, excessive / hypertension, hypercritical, hypersensitive
hypo- / under, beneath, down / hypothesis, hypothermia, hypocrisy
im-, in-, il-, ir- / in, into, on / imbibe, import, income, input, illustration, irrigation
im-, in-, il-, ir- / not / impossible, immature, inconsiderate, ineffectual, illegal, irresponsible
infra- / under, beneath / infrared, infra-structure, infra-costal
inter- / between / international, interpersonal, interaction, Internet
intra-, intro- / within / intramural, intravenous, Intranet, introduction, introspection
iso- / equality or similarity / isocheimal, isochomatic
kilo- /a thousand/ kilogram, kilowatt, kilometer
magna- /big, great/ magnanimous, magnitude, magnum
macro- / big / macrocomputer, macrocontrol, macroeconomy
mal- / bad, wrong / malnutrition, maltreatment, malapropi**
mega- / of great size / megaphone, megaton, megalopolis, megavolt
meta- / beyond, transcending / metaphor, metaphysics, meta-memory
micro- /**all / microcomputer, microcontrol, microeconomy
milli- /a thousand/ millennium, millimeter, millisecond
mis- / bad, wrong / mistake, misspelling, mispronounce, mislead
mono- / one, alone / monotony, monogamy, monochrome
multi- / many / multiple choice, multilateral, multimedia
neo- / new / neo-Confuciani**, neolithic, neology, neodoxy
neu- / non-partial / neutral, neutron
neuro- / nerve / neurology, neurotic, neurasthemia
non- / not, reversing the sense / nonalignment, non**oker, nonsense
ob-, oc-, of-, o-, op- / in the way of, against / object, obsolete, occasion, offend, omit, oppose
omni- / all / omnivorous, omnibus, omniscient
out- / beyond, exceeding / outbid, outbreak
over- / beyond, excessive / overwork, overawe, overcoat
paleo- / old, anscient / paleoanthropology, paleobiology, paleolithic
pan-, panta- / all, everything / pan-America, pantomime, pandemonium
para- / alike, comparison, unlike / paraphrase, paradox, parody
peri- / around / peripheral, periscope, perimeter
poly- / many / polytechnic, polymer, polyglot
post- / after / postgraduate, posthumous, postwar
pre- / before / prewar, prepare, preposition, preschool
pro-, por-, pur- / forward, forth / progress, proceed, portend, pursue
pseud- / false or spurious / pseudo-science, pseudo-membrane, pseudonym
re-, retro- / back, again / regression, review, retrospect, retrogressive
se- / aside, separating / secede, seduce, sedition, separate
semi- (hemi-) / half, partly / semiconductor, semifinal, semicircle, hemisphere
sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sus-, / under / submit, submarine, succeed, suffix, suggest, support
sustain, subsonic
super- / above, greater, better / supersonic, supermarket, superpower, superiority
syn-, sym- / with, together / sympathy, symmetry, synchronic, synonym
trans- / across / transport, transplant, translation, transcontinental
tri- / three / tricycle, triple, triangle
ultra- / beyond, excessive, extreme / ultrasonic, ultraviolet
un- / not / undecided, unimportant
under- / beneath, lower in rank or degree / underdog, underfeed, undercoat
uni- / one / unite, unification, uniform
up- / upwards / uproot, upcast, upstart
with- / opposition, privation / withdraw, withstand
后缀:
-able, -ible / adj. capable of, fit for / eatable, workable, considerable, sizable
-ac /adj. like, pertaining to / cardiac, maniac
-age, -ance, -ence, -ancy, -ency /n. signifying the state of being / coinage, acceptance,
existence, constancy, consistency
-ate / v. to make / activate, motivate, originate
-cle, -cule / adj. or n. **all, little / particle, sickle, animalcule, miniscule
-dom / n. signifying dominion, office / kingdom, officialdom
-er, -or, -eer / n. one who / worker, writer, professor, engineer
-fy / v. to make / beautify, purify, simplify
-ic, -ical / adj. relating to, having the nature of / historic, economic, biblical, mechanical
-ics /n. study / economics, physics, linguistics
-il, -ile /adj. having the property of / civil, juvenile, puerile, ductile
-i** / n. action or practice, theory or doctrine / mechani**, imperiali**, dogmati**
-ist / n. one who / physicist, communist, cyclist
-ity / n. condition, quality / activity, flexibility, identity, probability, feasibility
-ize / v. to make / modernize, revolutionize, popularize, realize
-logy / n. study, work / geology, psychology, metallurgy
-ment, -mony / n. the state of being / experiment, movement, harmony, hegemony
-ness / n. condition, quality, state of being / carelessness, sadness, illness
-oid / n. like, resembling / asteroid, mongoloid, anthropoid
-ous, -ious, -ose /adj. having the quality of / industrious, dangerous, bellicose
-ship / n. the state or quality of / sport**anship, partnership, friendship
-tion, -ation, -sion /n. condition, the act of / information, reflection, extroversion
-tude, -ty / n. signifying the property / attitude, altitude, radioactivity, tenacity
-ward(s) / signifying direction / eastward, homeward, upward
(常见的拉丁或希腊语词尾):
-us cactus, alumnus, impetus (original plural form: “i”, alumni)
-a alumna, vita, formula (original plural form: “i”, alumni, or “ae”, formulae)
-um datum, curriculum (original plural form: “a”, data, curricula)
-ia, -sis, -tis (medical terms) anoxia, anemia, dyslexia, tuberculosis, hepatitis, meningitis
词根:
-acr- / sharp / acrimonious, acerbity, acidulate
-act-, -ag- / to do / action, reaction, agent,
-aev- / age, era / primeval, coeval, medieval
-agog- / leader / demagogue, pedagogue
-agri-, -agrari- / field / agriculture, agrarian, peregrination
-ali- / another / alias, aliens, inalienable
-ann-, -en- / year / annual, anniversary, centennial, biennial
-anim- / spirit / unanimous, magnanimous, animation
-anthrop- / human / anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropist
-aqua- / water / aquatic sports, aquarium, aquanaut
-arch- / government, chief, leader / monarchy, anarchy, archbishop
-aster-, -astro-, -stellar- / star / asteroid, astronomy, constellation
-audi- / hear / auditor, auditorium, audio-visual lab
-auto- / self / autobiography, automation, automobile, auti**
-belli- / fight, war / bellicose, belligerent, rebellion
-bio- / life / biology, biography, biochemical, antibiotics
-bon-, -ben- / good / bonus, debonair, benefit, benign, benediction
-brev- / short / brief, abbreviate, brevity
-cad-, -cas- / to fall / cadence, decadent, accident
-cap-, -capt-, -cep- / to take / capture, precept, participate
-cap-, -capit- / head, chief / capital, captain, decapitation, per capita income
-carn- / flesh, body / carnivore, incarnation
-ced-, -cess- / go, move, yield / precede, recede, succeed, antecedent, secede, process
-cent- / one hundred / century, centennial, percentage, centigrade, centipede
-centr- / center / central, concentric, centrifugal, concentrate
-chrom- / color / monochrome, trichromatic chromosome
-chron- / time / chronology, anachroni**, synchronic, chronicle
-cid-, cis- / cut / incision, homicide, precision
-cit- / call / excite, incite, recite
-civi- / citizen / civil, civilian, civilization
-clam- / to cry out / clamorous, acclamation, exclaim
-claud-, -claus-, -clos-, -clud- / to close / claustrophobia, enclose, conclude
-cogno- / knowledge, knowing / cognition, recognition, incognito, acognostic
-comp- / to fill / complete, complement, comply
-cord- / heart / accord, cordial, discord
-corp- / body / corpse, corps, incorporation, corporeal
-cred- / to believe / credence, incredulous, incredible
-cur- / to care / curator, sinecure, to cure
-curr-, -curs- / course, to run / excursion, current, precursor, curriculum
-cycle- / cycle / bicycle, tricycle, recycle
-dat- / to give / data, mandate, date
-demo- / people / demography, democracy, demagogue, epidemic
-deb- / to owe / debt, indebtedness, debenture
-derm- / skin / epidermis, pachyderm, dermatology
-di-, -diurn- / daytime / diary, diurnal, journal
-dic- / say, speak / dictation, dictionary, dictator, contradiction
-doc- / to teach / docile, doctrine, document, doctor
-domin- / to rule / dominate, domain, indomitable
-duc- / lead / aqueduct, conductor, education, viaduct
-dynam- / power, strength / dynamite, dynamo, dynamics
-ego- / self / egocentric, egoti**
-erg- / to work / energy, ergatocracy, metallurgy
-err- / to wander, to deviate / error, erratic, errand
-fact-, -fect- / make, do / factory, manufacture, effect, affect
-fall-, -fals- / to deceive / fallacy, infallible, falsification
-fer- / to bring, to bear / ferry, transfer, coniferous, refer
-flect- / bend / inflexible, reflect
-gam- / marriage / monogamy, bigamy, polygamy
-gen- / produce, birth / gene, generator, eugenic, generation
-geo- / earth / geology, geothermal, geometric
-graph-, -gram- / writing / geography, biography, telegram, diagram
-greg- / group, together / gregarious, aggregate, egregious
-helio- / the sun / heliotrope, heliograph, helium
-homo- / of human / homicide, homunculus,
-hydr- / water, of hydrogen / hydraulic, dehydrate, hydrotherapy, hydrocarbon, hydroxide
-it-, -itiner- / journey, road / exit, itinerary, reiterate
-jac-, -jec- / to throw / ejaculate, project, reject
-jur- / to swear / jury, abjure, perjury, jurisdiction
-lab-, -labor- / to work / laboratory, collaborate, laborious
-leg- / law / legislature, legal, legitimate
-leg-, -lect- / to choose / election, select, legible, eligible
-lib- / book / library, libretto, libel
-locu-, -log-, -loq- / to talk / elocution, monologue, soliloquy, eloquent
-luc- / light / elucidate, lucid, translucent
-magn- / big, great / magnum, magnanimous, magnify
-man- / hand / manufacture, manuscript, manicure, emancipation
-mar-, -mer- / sea, ocean / submarine, mermaid, marinology
-mit-, -miss- / send / tran**it, emit, tran**ission, emission, permit, permission
-mon-, -monit- / to warn / admonish, premonition, monitor
-morph- / form, structure / morphology, morpheme, anthropomorphi**
-mort-, -mori- / death / mortal, mortuary, moribund
-nav- / ship / navy, navigation, naval
-onym-, -nom- / name / synonym, pseudonym, nomenclature, nomination, misnomer
-oper- / to work / operation, cooperate, opera
-pac- / peace / pacify, pacifist, Pacific Ocean
-pathy- / feeling / sympathy, antipathy, telepathy, empathy
-pel- / to drive / compel, dispel, repel, propel
-pet-, -petit- / to seek / petition, compete, appetite
-phil- / love / Anglophile, hydrophilic, philosophy, philanthropist
-phob- / hate, fear / claustrophobia, acrophobia, xenophobia
-phon- / sound / telephone, microphone, phonology
-pod-, -ped- / foot / tripod, pedestrian, centripetal
-pon-, -pos- / position / postpone, position, preposition, positive
-polis- / city / metropolis, Indianapolis
-port- / carry / porter, portable, transport, exportation
-pseudo- / false, sham / pseudonym, pseudo-science, pseudology, pseudomorph
-psych- / mind / psychology, psycho****ysis, psywar
-put-, -putat- / to trim, to calculate / amputate, compute, putative, reputation
-que-, -qui- / to ask / question, query, request, inquisitive, prerequisite
-rid-, -ris- / to laugh / ridiculous, risibility, derision
-rog- / to ask / interrogate, prerogative, derogatory
-rupt- / to break / rupture, interrupt, eruption, bankrupt
-sci- / knowledge / science, omniscient, consciousness
-scrib-, -script- / write / scribble, inscribe, description, prescription, manuscript, scripture
-sed-, -sess- / to sit / session, sedentary, president, residence
-sens-, -sent- / to think, to feel / sense, sensitive, sensation, resent, consent
-sequ-, -secut- / follow / sequence, consequence, consecutive
-sol-, -solut- / to loosen / solvent, solution, absolve, dissolute, absolute
-son- / sound / subsonic, consonant, resonant, ultrasonic
-spect- / look at / spectrum, inspection, circumspection, retrospection
-spir- / breathe / spirit, aspiration, respiration
-soph- / wise / philosophy, sophisticate, sophomore
-tang-, -tact- / to touch / tangent, tangible, contact, contingent
-tele- / far / television, telephone, telediagnosis, telex
-temp- / mood / temper, temperament, temptation, contemptuous
-tempor- / time / temporary, contemporary, extemporaneous, temporize
-ten-, -tent- / to hold / tenable, tenacity, content, tenure
-terr- / land, earth / territory, subterranean, extraterrestrial, Mediterranean, inter
-theo-, -the- / god / theology, athei**, theory, panthei**
-therm- / heat / thermos bottle, thermometer, geothermal energy
-urb- / city / urban, suburban, urbane
-urn- / day / diurnal, nocturnal, journal
-ven-, -vent- / come / intervene, prevention, convention
-ver- / true / verify, verily, verisimilar, veracious
-via- / way / viaduct, deviation, trivial
-vid-, -vis- / see / video, visualize, vision, vista
-vinc-, -van- / conquer / victory, invincible, vanquish, vanity
-voc-, -vok- / call / vocation, revoke, invoke, provoke
-volv-, -volut- / to roll, to turn / evolve, revolve, convolution
