英语，动词不定式，到底是什么“不定”

不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。

1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。

【例如】

To complete the 30storied building in one year was

quite a difficult task.

To do that implies taking responsibility.

当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到

谓语的后面。

【例如】

It is important for modern young people to master

at least two foreign languages.

It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：

a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish,

inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of **.)＋

不定式

【例如】

It is essential to reserve a table in advance of

Christmas Eve. hard to put my hopessintoswords.

It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.

It is important for us young people to learn English and

master it.

b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing,

one’s du?ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...)

＋不定式

It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.

It is a pity to have to go without her.

It is a glorious death to die for the people.

c) It takes (**.) some time (hours, months, days,

a lot of time, patience...)＋不定式

It takes me three hours to learn English each day.

It took them half the night to get home in the snow.

2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示

意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty,

job等。

【例如】

The most important thing for one’s health is to have

plenty of exercise.

My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of

the matter.

The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers

to the city and to provide them with any necessary

information.

What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.

3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：

afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,

choose,claim,consent,demand,decide,desire,determine,

expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,

neglect,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,

seek,tend,threaten,want等。

【例如】

I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in

spring.

My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels

tired.I decide to work hard and get doctor’s degree.

The room is designed to be my study,but now it has to

be used as a bedroom for the children.

She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was

worried about it.

There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry

and I think he means( )trouble. (CET-4 1997, 1)

A) making B) to make

C) to have made D)shaving**ade

mean后面一般加不定式，所以A和D可以排除。根据句意，

他看起来非常生气，他想找麻烦，不定式的动作还没有实施，

应用一般式， 因此答案为B。不定式作宾语还常用在下面

结构中；主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。

【例如】

We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.

I think it important to learn English well in college.

使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe, consider, declare, feel,

find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。

4)“wh?word＋不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what,

which, who, whom, whose)或疑问副词(where, when, how, why)，

以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句，

这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。

常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：

know, see, decide, tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,

findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,observe,

perceive,remember,think,understand,wonder等。

【例如】

I couldn’t decide which book to choose. I can tell

youswheresto get this book.They found it hard to decide

whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt

Sally in New Year.“wh?word+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，

还可以在句中作主语或者表语。

【例如】

When to start the program remains undecided.

The question is how to put the plansintospractice.

5)不定式作状语

a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后，

来强调这种目的。

【例如】

To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking

efforts.

Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.

We must develop science and technology at high speed

so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.

Insgroups to get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot of

exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.

b)不定式表示结果，特别是在so...as to, such...as to,

only to...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。

【例如】

I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to

find the train already gone.

She left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return.

No one is too old to learn.

Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?

c)不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：be able to,

be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to,

be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready

to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。

【例如】

Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.

It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.

I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are

friends.

6)不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：

ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable,

encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have,

inform, invite,let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade,

remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch,

warn, watch等。

【例如】

Because of the complexity of the modern equipments,

most offices require secretaries to have specified training.

He asked you to call him at ten o’clock.

The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do.

I’d never allow my children to behave like that.

当不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to,

feel, observe, watch, notice, perceive(感觉到)等

动词后面作宾语补语时， 不定式不带to.

【例如】

Whenever something is wrong with you,please do let me know.

I will have the students write a passage about Internet.

I saw my mother shed tears at the news that the neighbor

girl got seriously hurt in a car accident.

It seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.

7)不定式作主补带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词变为被动语态时，

原来的宾语变为主语，宾补则变为主补。加主补的动词主要有：assume,

believe, know, report, say, suppose等。

【例如】

Mr. Brown is said to have left for Italy last week.

(It is said that Mr. Brown left for Italy last week.)

Persons have been said to climb on roofs, solve

mathematical problems, compose music, walk through

windows and commit murder in their sleep.

He is reported to have won the 100?meter running race

in the Olympic games.

8)不定式作定语

a)不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。

不定式常作下列的名词定语：attempt, ability, anything,

chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure,

intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure,

right, tendency,time, way等。

【例如】

His efforts to carry out the plan were successful.I have

no intention to go to the cinema with you.

There is no need to bother him with such trifles.

There is a tendency to writer quite long sentences

in commercial correspondence.

The pressure( )causes Americans to be energetic,

but it also put them under a constant emotional strain.

(CET-4 1997,6)

A) to compete B) competing

C) to be competed D)shavingscompeted

pressure后面应接后置定语，表示竞争的压力。单个分词作

定语一般置于名词前，故B和D可以排除。C为不定式的被动式，

而竞争和压力之间没有被动关系， 因此正确答案为A。

特别注意的是在

不定式与其修饰的名词有动宾关系时，

要根据句子的需要在不定式后加适当的介词，

这个介词的选用取决于被修饰的名词或不定式本身的要求。

【例如】

She is a very nice person to work with.

This is an important issue to talk about.

b)由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词

常用不定式作定语。

【例如】

Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office

and the last man to leave.I don’t think he is the best

one to do the work.

9)不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：would

rather ...than(宁愿……也不), had better...(最好)，can’t help

but...(不得不), had rather...(宁愿)，cannot but...

(不得不，必然)，may/might as well...(不妨)，

let alone(更不用说)。

【例如】 You’d better return the books to the library

on time. Otherwise, you will be fined. I can’t help but wish

that nothing would go wrong.

They had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it.

句式结构问题

我只知道这些了，看对你有没有帮助：

S十V主谓结构

S十V十F主系表结构

S十V十O主谓宾结构

S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构

S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构

说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语

五个基本句式详细解释如下：

1.S十V句式

在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi.)。例如：

He runs quickly.

他跑得快。

They listened carefully.

他们听得很仔细。

He suffered from cold and hunger.

他挨冻受饿。

China belongs to the third world country.

中国属于第三世界国家。

The gas has given out.

煤气用完了。

My ink has run out.

我的钢笔水用完了。

2.S十V十P句式

详情可以去问老师，老师讲的更加细致~~~

责任用英语怎么说？

承担英文单词有：bear、undertake、assume、shoulder、accept

1、bear　

读音：英 [beə(r)]    美 [ber] 　 　

释义：n. 熊 v. 忍受；负荷；结果；证实；生子女

例句：I can't bear young people casting away their youth.

我无法忍受年轻人虚掷青春。

2、undertake　

读音：英 [ˌʌndə'teɪk] 　美 [ˌʌndər'teɪk] 　 　

释义：v. 承担；从事；保证；答应

例句：We could undertake the work for the time being.

我们可暂时承担这项工作。

3、assume　

读音：英 [ə'sjuːm] 　美 [ə'suːm] 　 　

释义：vt. 假定；设想；承担；(想当然的)认为；假装

例句：I am not afraid to assume the responsibility.

我不怕承担责任.

4、shoulder　

读音：英 ['ʃəʊldə(r)] 　美 ['ʃoʊldər] 　 　

释义：n. 肩膀；肩部  v. 承担；扛；肩负；(用肩)推挤

例句：The manager was ready to shoulder the blame.

经理愿意承担过失。

5、accept　

读音：英 [ək'sept] 美 [ək'sept] 　 　

释义：vt. 接受；同意；承担(责任等)  vi. 接受

例句：The company cannot accept responsibility for loss or damage.

公司不承担丢失或损坏的责任。

the more....the more 比较级结构问题

1、The more he gets, the more he wants. 他越来越贪。

many有两种属性：形容词性与名词性（不定代词）。例如：

* How many people are there in the room? 屋子里有多少人? —— many修饰people，形容词属性

* Many are called but few are chosen. 要得多, 选得少。——many作主语，名词属性

它的比较级more当然也有这两种属性。

本句中，more 是 many 的比较级，名词属性，分别是动词 gets 和 wants 的宾语。所以放在句首是由于句式 the more …the more 的要求，其实就是 He gets the more, he wants the more的倒装。.

还有一些词同时具有两种属性，如little（less，the least很少的/少许），few（fewer，the fewest很少的/很少数），much（more，the most大量的/许多），rich（richer，the richest富有的/有钱人）等，由于其形容词属性有比较级形式，因此转化成名词后也可以有这种形式。

2、The harder he worked, the more he got. 他工作越努力,得到的就越多。

具体解释见上。

本句等于He worked the harder, he got the more 的倒装，The harder 是副词，作 worked 的程度状语， the more 是不定代词，作 got 的宾语。

同理，The more she works , the more she earns 是She works the more, she earns the more. 前者是副词much的比较级，作works的程度状语；后者是形容词much转化的名词属性（= she earns the more money省略了money），作earns的宾语。

3、句式 the more…, the more … 中的两个 more 是形容词或副词比较级，具体使用时不一定要完全对应。它们所充当的语法成分要视具体情况而定，有时候作系动词后的表语或名词前的定语（形容词性），有时候是修饰动词状语（副词性），有时候是作动词的宾语（名词性）。如：

* The more you have, the richer you are. (前者是have的宾语，后者是are的表语)

* The harder you work the greater progress you can make. (前者是have的状语，后者是progress的定语)

* 你的能力越大，责任也就越大。

--The better ability you are provided with, the more responsibility you assume. (前者better 是ability的定语【better ability是介词with的宾语】，后者more 是responsibility的定语【more responsibility是动词assume的宾语】)

* 你越努力学习，你的成绩就提高越快

-- The harder you study, the rapider success you will make. (前者harder是动词study 的程度状语，后者rapider是名词success 的定语【rapider success是动词make的宾语】)

英语中宾语和补语的区别

宾语

宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式等。如：

We like English.

我们喜欢英语。

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物。指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。

He gave me some ink.

他给了我一点墨水。

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：

We make him our monitor.

我们选他当班长。

补语

用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整。如：make(使...)，ask(请)等等。

如果说：“我们使我们的祖国。”这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的（beautiful)”为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。英语句子为：We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为：形容词、副词、名词、不定式、V-ing形式、数词等。

宾补

就是宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语的。

例：I know you are student good at maths.

句中，good at maths 就是补语。

宾语补语也可以是句子，所以这个句子也可以是：

I know you are student who is good at maths.

还可以是V--ing 形式，如：

I see you crossing the street.

简单说，就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分。因此，就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语。