请问apartheid和racial separation有什么区别?

不多余哦···

apartheid was a system of racial segregation enforced through legislation by the National Party governments of South Africa between 1948 and 1994 这个是有阶段性的

racial separation is the separation of humans into racial groups in daily life.

因为南方的种族隔离在以前是政策性的，可是政策取消后就没有隔离了吗？显然不是～社会文化及生活习惯还是会让黑人受到歧视

此外，一般我们在阅读中经常会见到这样的猜词题，后边的or可以让你了解前边究竟是做什么的

希望帮到你

种族隔离的简介

种族隔离，指在日常生活中，按照不同种族将人群分割开来，使得各种族不能同时使用公共空间或者服务。历史上最著名的种族隔离发生在南非和美国。另外，澳大利亚、罗得西亚、德国、印尼等国家也均发生过种族隔离行为。斐济、马来西亚等国如今仍存在一定程度的种族隔离行为。

种族隔离制度是以1913年的“原住民土地法”作为开端。由于广泛的使用而被执政的南非国家党（National Party）予以强化。接受差别待遇的黑人有2500万人，印度人约有90万人；但是白人只有近400万人。

Apartheid是南非语引自荷兰语的词，区分隔离制度之意。这个制度对白人与非白人（包括黑人、印度人、马来人、及其他混血门族）进行分隔并在政治经济等各方面给予歧别待遇。1948年被以法律方式，直到1994年南非共和国因为长期的被国际舆论批判与贸易制裁而废止。联合国也认为“种族隔离是一种对人类的犯罪”。

南非共和国的政府说法是：“南非共和国是一个多种族国家，各民族的传统文化与习俗皆有所不同，言语也有所差别。让各民族各自发展，并不是种族隔离，而是各自发展。”但是明显的白人掌握政治经济的权力，有色人种成为廉价劳动力的来源；其中的黑人多在白人拥有的农场工作，但是只拿到白人十分之一的工资，而且工资通常无法养家；也有不少黑人失业。

原住民土地法与“家园政策”——1971年开始将居多数的黑人移居到南非共和国13%的边陲地带的十个“国”并给予自治权，目标是使其独立；移居的这些“国”的黑人会失去南非共和国的公民身份。但是这些“国”中白人仍然居有政治经济的优越地位。而且南非共和国从1976年到1981年扶植温达、希斯凯、川斯凯与波布纳等四个“国”独立，但都没有被国际所承认。

隔离设施法——公共场合的坐位与使用以白人与非白人作为差别。

集团地区法——以人种作为居住地区的限制；

混种婚姻禁止法——禁止人种不同的男女结婚；

背德法——对于恋爱行为的限制与惩罚；

其他在医疗、宗教、就职等方面都作出相当的限制。

特指南非的种族隔离（南非语：Apartheid）为1948年至1990年间在南非共和国实行的一种种族隔离制度。

apartheid 是什么意思

apartheid

英 [ə'pɑːtheɪt; ə'pɑːtaɪd] 美 [ə'pɑrtaɪt]

n. 种族隔离

例句

1.

In our freedom, we reject the colonial apartheid system that has caused genocide to our people, and to all Indigenous peoples.

以我们自由的名义, 我们拒绝这对我们人民, 和所有原住民造成种族灭绝的殖民隔离体系.

2.

He said in his lifetime he had climbed a great mountain, the mountain of challenging and then defeating racial oppression and defeating apartheid.

他说，在他的有生之年里，他攀越了一座无比陡峻的高山，一座迎战并且击败种族压迫、隔离的大山。

南非城市开普敦英语

开普敦南非第二大城市，南非立法首都，西开普省省会，开普敦都会城区的组成部分，南非国会及很多政府部门亦坐落于该市。接下来，我给大家准备了南非城市开普敦英语,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。

南非城市开普敦英语

Cape Town (South Africa)

The Victoria and Albert Waterfront Set on the waterfront(滨水地区), surrounded by spectacular (壮观的;壮丽的)mountains, Cape Town (南非西南部港市开普敦)is one of the world's prettiest cities.

Think of San Francisco and the Mediterranean rolled up into one - a place with great arts and culture, nearby wine country with gorgeous (灿烂的)old architecture and prize-winning product, sunny, active beaches, and a city center full of charm and history.

Clocktower Museum It's been called the African Eden(伊甸园，乐园)and the Mother City, the place where modern South Africa has its roots. Explorers had sailed round the Cape for many years, but it wasn't until the mid-17th century that the Dutch landed and started a settlement against the backdrop (背景)of Table Mountain.

It has grown through the years as a regional centre and remains very much the reserve(保留地)of South Africa's European descendants.

The attractions here are endless, from simple walks around the historic downtown quarters(住处), dining and drinks at the waterfront , art galleries, Cape wine tours to drives up the scenic west coast or along the Indian Ocean-side Garden Route.

Africa's racial policies kept Cape Town a travel secret for decades, but apartheid (种族隔离政策)is gone and the city wants a place on the world stage.

扩展：合同条款中常用的英文词汇

买方 buyer

卖方 seller

项目名称 Project name

地址 address

** phone

传真 fax

联系人 contact person

本合同由买卖双方签订，根据本合同条款，买方同意购买，卖方同意出售以下产品。

This contract is made by and between the buyers and sellers, whereby the buyers agree to buy and the sellers agree to sell the under-mentioned. Commodities according to the terms and conditions stipulated1 below.

1. 详细货物清单 Detail supply list

2. 合同价格 Contract value

序号 item 型号 model 尺寸 size, dimension 数量 amount, unit 单价 unit price 总价 total price 备注 remark 货物，运费 freight, transportation 合同总额(含安装费与税金) Contract amount incl. VAT2 installation

3. 付款条件 payment conditions, payment terms

4. 交货地点 delivery place

5. 发货期 delivery time

6. 安装条款 installation clause

7. 验收条款 inspection3 clause

8. 保证条款 guarantee clause

9. 不可抗拒条款 Force Majeure Clause

10. 违约条款 Breach4 clause

11. 其他条款 Miscellaneous clause

12. 买卖双方信息 buyer and seller information

此合同一式二份，由双方各持一正本。This contract is made in two originals that should be held by each party.

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英文介绍南非种族隔离制度

Apartheid in South Africa (apartheid meaning segregation in Afrikaans, cognate to English apart and -hood) was a system of legalized racial segregation enforced by the National Party (NP) South African government between 1948 and 1994. It arose from a longer history of settler rule and Dutch and British coloniali**. These colonial relations became policies of separation after South Africa gained self-governance as a dominion within the British Empire and were expanded and formalised into a system of legitimised raci** and white nationali** after 1948. Apartheid was di**antled in a series of negotiations from 1990 to 1993, culminating in elections in 1994, the first in South Africa with universal suffrage, but the legacies of apartheid still shape South African politics and society.

Apartheid legislation classified South Africa's inhabitants and visitors into racial groups (Black, White, Coloured and Indian). The system of apartheid sparked significant internal resistance.[1] The government responded to a series of popular uprisings and protests with police brutality, which in turn increased local support for the armed resistance struggle.[2] In response to popular and political resistance, the apartheid government resorted to detentions without trial, torture, censorship, and the banning of political opposition from organisations such as the African National Congress, the Black Consciousness Movement, the Azanian People's Organisation, the Pan Africanist Congress, and the United Democratic Front, which were popularly considered liberation movements. Despite suffering extreme repression and exile, these organisations maintained popular support for the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa and forged connections with the international anti-apartheid movement during this period.[3][4] White South Africa became increasingly militarised, embarking on the border war with the covert support of the USA, and later sending the South African Defence Force into black townships. The anti-apartheid organisations had strong links with other liberation struggles in Africa, and often saw their armed resistance to apartheid as part of the socialist struggle against capitali**.[5]

In South Africa, under apartheid, blacks were stripped of their citizenship, legally becoming citizens of one of ten, theoretically sovereign, bantustans (homelands). The government created the homelands out of the territory of Black Reserves founded during the British Empire period. These reserves were akin to the US Indian Reservation, Canadian First Nations reserves, or Australian aboriginal reserves. Many Black South Africans, however, never resided in these "homelands." The homeland system disenfranchised black people residing in "white South Africa"[6] by restricting their voting rights to the black homelands, the least economically-productive areas of the country. The government segregated education, medical care, and other public services with inferior standards for blacks. The black education system within "white South Africa", by design, prepared blacks for lives as a labouring class. There was a deliberate policy in "white South Africa" of making services for black people inferior to those of whites, to try to "encourage" black people to move into the black homelands, hence black people ended up with services inferior to those of whites, and, to a lesser extent, to those of Indians, and 'coloureds'.