ethical issue是什么意思

ethical issue

网络 伦理议题; 道德问题; 伦理问题;

[例句]And is this an ethical issue?

这是一个道德问题吗？

何为ethical issues in domestic and global business

楼上那位就是翻译了一下...

是这样的，他翻译的没错，但是我来帮你理解一下。

ethical isses 就是指当一个multinational company（跨国际公司？）到另外一个地区开发试产时候，他们需要了解当地的legals。例如：员工的薪水，怎么向**贷款，促销政策。

那么business 怎么 response to ethical issues呢？

When faced with an ethical issue, businesses need to consider the interests of the various stakeholders.

我学的是英文版教材，这句话不知道你能不能理解。就是说，当遇到地域冲突的时候，公司都需要考虑利益相关者的利益。利益相关者包括：shareholders（股东），suppliers（供应商），customers（顾客）。

我们指的ethical issues主要是对于跨国公司而言，domestic公司其实受到的影响不大，毕竟是在自己国家里。但是你要到另一个国家开公司，就会遇到很多local problems。

高手帮忙翻译下啊~~

题目：Network Marketing in the process of information ethics

翻译后的内容:Network Marketing involved in all stages of the information of different types of ethical issues, if ignored or do not solve these problems, network marketing will be in trouble, entered the wrong track, and ultimately affect the entire social development. Through the decomposition process of network marketing as a basis, information life cycle from the point of view, the process of ****ytic network marketing ethics at all stages of loss of status, from a technical, social and economic system in terms of mining the root cause of these problems, to explore online marketing the principles of information ethics, in view of the root causes of problems looking for the ethical norms of the information network marketing approach, to make some basic, universal right and wrong to judge the network marketing standards, in order to purify the entire network environment, the efforts of the market economy environment.

问题补充：Declined machine translation!

有关英语问题－克隆人与克隆羊

Use of Cloning Technology to Clone a Human Being

As a consequence of scientific and biotechnological progress during the past decades, new biological therapies involving somatic cells and genetic material are being investigated. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) described existing legal authorities governing a new class of human somatic cell therapy products and gene therapy products in an October 14, 1993 Federal Register Notice.

On February 23, 1997, the public learned that Ian Wilmut, a Scottish scientist, and his colleagues at the Roslin Institute successfully used a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to create a clone of a sheep; the cloned sheep was named Dolly. SCNT involves transferring the nucleus of an ***** sheep somatic cell, into a sheep egg from which the nucleus had been removed. After nearly 300 attempts, the cloned sheep known as Dolly was born to a surrogate sheep mother.

SCNT is not reproduction since a sperm cannot be used with the technique, but rather it is an extension of technology used not only in research but also used to produce medically relevant cellular products such as cartilage cells for knees, as well as gene therapy products. On February 28, 1997, FDA announced a comprehensive plan for the regulation of cell and tissue based therapies that incorporated the legal authorities described in FDA's 1993 guidance Proposed Approach to Regulation of Cellular and Tissue-Based Products

On March 7, 1997 then President Clinton issued a memorandum that stated: "Recent accounts of advances in cloning technology, including the first successful cloning of an ***** sheep, raise important questions. They potentially represent enormous scientific breakthroughs that could offer benefits in such areas as medicine and agriculture. But the new technology also raises profound ethical issues, particularly with respect to its possible use to clone humans." (Prohibitions on Federal Funding for Cloning of Human Beings)

The memorandum explicitly prohibited Federal Funding for cloning of a human being, and also directed the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) to thoroughly review the legal and ethical issues associated with the use of cloning technology to create a human being.

"NBAC found that concerns relating to the potential psychological harms to children and effects on the moral, religious, and cultural values of society merited further reflection and deliberation." The report, Ethical Issues in Human Stem Cell Research, September 1999, describes 5 recommendations.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer holds great potential to someday create medically useful therapeutic products. FDA believes, however, that there are major unresolved questions pertaining to the use of cloning technology to clone a human being which must be seriously considered and resolved before the Agency would permit such investigation to proceed. The Agency sent a "Dear Colleague" letter which stated that creating a human being using cloning technology is subject to FDA regulation under the Public Health Service Act and the Food Drug and Co**etic Act. This letter notified researchers that clinical research using SCNT to create a human being could precede only when an investigational new drug application (IND) is in effect. Sponsors are required to submit to FDA

Recently, FDA sent letters to remind the research community that FDA jurisdiction over clinical research using cloning technology to create a human being, and to advise that FDA regulatory process is required in order to initial these investigations. (March 2001 letter - PDF, Text)

On March 28, 2001, Dr. Kathryn C. Zoon, Director, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research gave testimony before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations Committee on Energy and Commerce, United States House of Representatives. Her statement described FDA's role in regulating the use of cloning technology to clone a human being and further described current significant scientific concerns in this area.

参考

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Clone (genetics)

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In genetics, a clone is a replica of all or part of a macromolecule (eg. DNA). Cloning a gene means to extract a gene from one organi** (for example by PCR) and insert it into a second organi** (usually via a vector), where it can be used and studied.

Cloning a gene sometimes can refer to success in identifying a gene associated with some phenotype. For example, when biologists say that the gene for disease X has been cloned, they mean that the gene's location and DNA sequence has been identified, although the ability to specifically copy the physical DNA is a side-effect of its identification. A related technique called subcloning refers to transferring a gene from one pla**id into another for further study.

英语高手帮忙翻译一下论文摘要关键词

仅供参考..

摘要

Abstract:

中国传统文化博大精深，其中的“德”文化经过数千年的不断发展，不断融合，形成了独立的文化体系。中国古代儒家归纳了“仁义礼智信”五个最基本的伦理道德范畴。随着社会的不断进步，公共事业处在一个蓬勃发展的阶段。在公共事业管理中存在一些道德缺失问题，一是我国公共组织的制度伦理尚未建立，个人伦理尚未规范；二是全社会的道德失范。

The extensive and profound traditional Chinese culture, including the "moral" culture after several thousand years of continuous development and integration, the formation of an independent cultural system. Ancient Chinese Confuciani** into the "Renyilizhi letter" five basic areas of ethics. As society progresses, public utilities are in a stage of vigorous development. In the management of public utilities, there are some moral issues missing, China's first public organization system has not yet been established ethics, personal ethics have not been standardized; Second, the whole society's moral loss.

针对我国现代公共事业管理中存在的道德问题，运用传统“德”文化的深刻内涵来解决我国公共事业管理当中的道德问题。加强法制和制度建设；加强对公共事业管理人员正确的伦理道德教育；发挥媒体作用，调动舆论的监督力量这些是解决现代公共事业管理中道德缺失问题的根本手段和方法。在现代公共事业管理中要注重以人为本及人性关怀；做到公平正义、坚守原则、恭敬尊重、礼仪文明；坚持崇尚知识、追求真理、忠于职责、诚实守信。这是由“仁义礼智信” 这五个最基本的伦理道德范畴中所得到的深刻启示。

In view of the modern management of public utilities in the ethical issues, the use of traditional "moral" culture to address the profound meaning of China's management of public utilities which the moral issues. Strengthening the rule of law and institution building, strengthening the management of public utilities the right ethical and moral education; play the role of the media to mobilize public opinion supervision is to resolve these forces of modern management of public utilities in the fundamental moral question of lack of means and methods. In the modern management of public utilities to focus on people-oriented and humane care; achieve fairness and justice, adhere to the principle of respect for the respectful, civilized etiquette; uphold respect knowledge, the pursuit of truth, loyalty to duty, honesty and trustworthiness. This is from "Renyilizhi letter," the five most basic ethical received in the areas of profound enlightenment.

“德”文化

"Moral" culture

现代公共事业管理

Modern management of public utilities

道德缺失

Moral deficiencies

“仁义礼智信”要分开翻译

仁义benevolence and righteousness

礼etiquette

智wisdom

信credit