intermediaryassetpricing的简单介绍
什么是book rate of return阿？
账面报酬率。
以下是常用的财务管理中英对照：
sole propsietorship 独资企业
partnership 合伙企业
corporate finance 公司财务
corporate 公司
closely held 私下公司
public company 公众公司
Goldman Sachs 高盛**
pension fund 养老基金
insurance company 保险公司
board of director 董事会
separation of ownership and management 所有权与管理权的分离
limited liability 有限责任
articles of incorporation 公司章程
real asset 实物资产
financial asset 金融资产
security 证券
financial market 金融市场
capital market 资本市场
money market 货币市场
investment decision 投资决策
capital budgeting decision 资本预算决策
financing decision 融资决策
financial manager 财务经理
treasurer 司库
controller 总会计师
CFO 首席财务官
principal-agent problem 委托代理问题
principal 委托人
agent 代理人
agency cost 代理成本
information asymmetry 信息不对称
signal 信号
efficient markets hypothesis 有效市场假说
present value 现值
discount factor 贴现因子
rate of return 收益率
discount rate 贴现率
hurdle rate 门坎比率
opportunity cost of capital 资本机会成本
net present value 净现值
cash outflow 现金支出
net present value rule 净现值法则
rate-of-return rule 收益率法则
profit maximization 利润最大化
doing well 经营盈利
doing good 经营造益
collateral 抵押品
warrant 认股权证
convertible bond 可转换债券
primary issue 一级发行
prinary market 一级市场
secondary tansaction 二级交易
secondary market 二级市场
over-the-counter (OTC) 场外交易
financial intermediary 金融中介
zero-stage 启动阶段
business plan 创业计划书
first-stage financing 第一阶段融资
after-the-money valuation 注资后的价值
paper gain 账面利润
mezzanine financing 引渡融资
angel investor 天使投资者
venture capital fund 创业投资基金
limited private partnership 有限合伙企业
general partner 普通合伙人
limited partner 有限合伙人
**all-business investment companies （SBIC） 小企业投资公司
initial public offering (IPO) 首次公开发行
primary offering 首次发行
secondary offering 二次发行
underwriter 承销商
syndicate of underwriter 承销辛迪加
registration statement 注册说明书
prospectus 招股说明书
road show 路演
greenshoe option 绿鞋期权
spread 差价
offering price 发售价格
underpricing 抑价
winner’s curse 成功者灾难
bookbuilding 标书登记
fixed price offer 定价发售
auction 拍卖
discrimination auction 差价拍卖
uniform-price auction 一价拍卖
general cash offer 一般现款发行
right issue 附权发行
shelf registration 上架注册
prior approval 事前许可
bought deal 买方交易
seasoned issue 新增发行
knowledgeable invertor 成熟的投资者
qualified institutional buyer 有资格的机构买者
record date 登记日
with dividend 附有红利
cum dividend 附息
ex dividend 除息
legal capital 法定资本
regular cash dividend 正常现金红利
extra 额外的
special dividend 特别红利
stock dividend 股票红利
automatic dividend reinvestment plans (DRIP) 红利自动转投计划
transfer of value 价值转移
capital structure 资本结构
MM’s proposition MM定理
weighted-average cost of capital (WACC) 加权平均资本成本
margin debt 保证金借款
floating-rate note 浮动利率票据
money-market fund 货币市场基金
interest-rate ceiling 利率上限
trade-off theory 权衡理论
right to default 违约权
leverage buy-out (LBO) 杠杆收购
asymmetric information 信息不对称
financial slack 银根宽松
cost of debt 负债成本
cost of equity 权益成本
terminal value 清算价值
cash flow to equity 权益现金流
rebalancing 重整
project financing 项目融资
adjusted cost of capital 调整资本成本
equivalent loan 等值贷款
offsetting transaction 反向交易
depreciable basis 折旧基数
adjusted present value (APV) 调整现值
call option 看涨期权
exercise price 执行价格
strike price 敲定价格
exercise date 到期日
European call 欧式看涨期权
American call 美式看涨期权
position diagram 头寸图
put option 看跌期权
Salomon Brothers 所罗门兄弟公司
term stucture of interest rate 利率期限结构
annuity 年金
perpetuity 永久年金
annuity factor 年金因子
annuity due 即期年金
future value 终值
conmpound interest 复利
simple interest 单利
continuously compounded rate 连续复利率
Consumer Price Index (CPI) 消费物价指数
current dollar 当期货币
nominal dollar 名义货币
constant dollar 不变货币
real dollar 实际货币
real rate of return 实际收益率
inflation rate 通货膨胀率
principal 本金
deflation 滞胀
yield to maturity 到期收益率
market capitalization rate 市场资本化率
dividend yield 红利收益率
cost of equity capital 权益资本成本
payout ratio 红利发放率
earnings per share (EPS) 每股收益
return on equity (ROE) 权益收益率
discount cash flow 贴现现金流
growth stock 成长股
income stock 绩优股
present value of growth opportunity (PVGO) 成长机会的现值
price-earnings ratio (P/E) 市盈率
free cash flow (FCF) 自由现金流量
book rate of return 账面收益率
capital investment 资本投资
operating expense 经营费用
payback period 回收期
discounted-payback rule 贴现回收期法则
discounted-cash-flow rate of return 贴现现金流量的收益率
internal rate of return (IRR) 内部收益率
lending 贷出
borrowing 借入
profitability measure 盈利指标
standard of pfofitability 赢利标准
modified internal rate of return 修正内部收益率
mutually exclusive projects 互相排斥的项目
capital rationing 资本约束
profitability index 盈利指标
soft rationing 软约束
hard rationing 硬约束
incremental payoff 增量收入
net working capital 净营运资本
sunk cost 沉没成本
sunk-cost fallacy 沉没成本悖论
overhead cost 间接费用
salvage value 残值
straight-line depreciation 直线法折旧
Internal Revenue Service 国内税收署
tax shield 税盾
accelerated cost recovery system 加速成本回收折旧法
alternative minimum tax 另类最低税
tax preference 税收优惠
accelerated depreciation 加速折旧
project ****ysis 项目分析
equivalent annual cash flow 等价年度现金流
marginal investment 边际投资
default risk 违约风险
risk premium 风险溢酬
standard error 标准误差
standard deviation 标准差
market portfolio 市场组合
market returm (rm) 市场收益率
variance 方差
the loss of a dgree of freedom 自由度损失
Delphic 德尔菲
unique risk 独特风险
unsystematic risk 非系统风险
residual risk 剩余风险
specific risk 特定风险
diversifiable risk 可分散风险
market risk 市场风险
systematic risk 系统风险
undiversifiable risk 不可分散风险
convariance 协方差
well-diversified 有效分散
value additivity 价值可加性
efficient portfolio 有效投资组合
quadratic programming 二次规划
best efficient portfolio 最佳有效投资组合
capital asset pricing model (CAPM) 资本资产定价模型
separation theorem 分离定理
security market line 证券市场线
market capitalization 市场资本总额
**all-cap stocks 小盘股
book-to-market ration 账面-市值比
data mining 数据挖掘
data snooping 数据侦察
consumption beta 消费贝塔
consumption CAPM 消费型资本资产定价模型
risk aversion 风险厌恶
arbitrage pricing theory 套利定价理论
sensitivity of each stock to these factors 每种股票对这些因素的敏感度
three-factor model 三因素模型
company cost of capital 公司资本成本
industry beta 行业贝塔
firm value 公司价值
debt value 负债价值
asset value 资产价值
blue-chip firm 蓝筹股
financial leverage 财务杠杆
gearing 举债经营
financial risk 财务风险
unlever 消除杠杆
relative market values of debt (E/V) 负债的相对市场价值
taxable income 应税利润
after-tax cost 税后成本
marginal corporate tax rate 公司边际税率
after-tax weighted-average cost of capital 税后加权平均资本成本
cyclicality 周期性
cyclical firms 周期性公司
operating leverage 经营杠杆
revenue 收入
fixed costs 固定成本
variable costs 可变成本
rate of output 产出率
certainty equivalent 确定性等价值
certainty-equivalent cash flow 确定性等价现金流
risk-adjusted discount rate 风险相应贴现率
underlying variables 基础变量
sample 抽样
real option 实物期权
decision tree 决策树
timing qption 安排期权
production option 生产性期权
option to bail out 清算选择权
economic rent 经济租金
future market 期货市场
capital budget 资本预算
strategic planning 战略规划
appropriation request 拨款申请
postaudit 事后审计
stock options 股票期权
private benefit 私下利益
perks 特权享受
perquisite 特权享受
overinvestment 过度投资
generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP) 公认会计原则
qualified doption 保留意见
delegated 委托
economic value added (EVA) 经济附加值
trade loading 贸易超载
economic depreciation 经济折旧
national income and product accounts 国民收入与产出账户
cap 上限合约
strip 本息剥离债券
swap 互换
bookrunner 股份登记员
efficient capital market 有效资本市场
random walk 随机游走
positive drift 正漂移
autocorelation coefficient 自相关系数
weak form of efficiency 弱有效性
semistrong form of efficiency 半强有效性
strong form of efficiency 强有效性
market model 市场模型
acquiring firm 兼并公司
acquired firm 被兼并公司
superior profit 超常利润
overreaction 反应过度
underreaction 反应不足
index arbitrageur 指数套利者
portfolio insurance scheme 证券组合保险策略
superior rates of return 超常收益
exchange-rate policy 汇率政策
application date 申购日
long-term asset 长期资产
retained earnings 留存收益
financial deficit 资金缺口
internal fund 内部资金
debt policy 负债政策
dividend policy 红利政策
long-term financing 长期融资
total capitalization 资本总额
reserve 准备金
issued and outsanding 已发行流通股份
issued but not outsanding 已发行未流通股份
authorized share capital 法定股本总额
financial institution 金融机构
cash-flow right 现金流要求权
control right 控制劝
dominant stockholder 控股股东
majority voting system 多数投票制
cumulative voting 累计投票制
supermajority 绝对多数制
proxy contest 投票代理权角逐
minority stockholder 小股东
reverse stock split 逆股票拆细
master limited partnership 业主有限责任合伙企业
real estate investment trust (REIT) 房地产信托投资基金
preferred stock 优先股
cumulative preferred stock 红利累积优先股
line of credit 授信额度
fixed-rate 固定利率
floating-rate 浮动利率
coupon 息票
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) 伦敦**间拆借利率
eurobond 欧洲债券
eurocurrency 欧洲货币
euro 欧元
senior 优级
junior 次级
subordinated 从属
secured 有担保的
collateral 抵押品
warrant 认股权证
convertible bond 可转换债券
primary issue 一级发行
prinary market 一级市场
secondary tansaction 二级交易
secondary market 二级市场
over-the-counter (OTC) 场外交易
financial intermediary 金融中介
zero-stage 启动阶段
business plan 创业计划书
first-stage financing 第一阶段融资
after-the-money valuation 注资后的价值
paper gain 账面利润
mezzanine financing 引渡融资
angel investor 天使投资者
venture capital fund 创业投资基金
limited private partnership 有限合伙企业
general partner 普通合伙人
limited partner 有限合伙人
**all-business investment companies （SBIC） 小企业投资公司
initial public offering (IPO) 首次公开发行
primary offering 首次发行
secondary offering 二次发行
underwriter 承销商
syndicate of underwriter 承销辛迪加
registration statement 注册说明书
prospectus 招股说明书
road show 路演
greenshoe option 绿鞋期权
spread 差价
offering price 发售价格
underpricing 抑价
winner’s curse 成功者灾难
bookbuilding 标书登记
fixed price offer 定价发售
auction 拍卖
discrimination auction 差价拍卖
uniform-price auction 一价拍卖
general cash offer 一般现款发行
right issue 附权发行
shelf registration 上架注册
prior approval 事前许可
bought deal 买方交易
seasoned issue 新增发行
knowledgeable invertor 成熟的投资者
qualified institutional buyer 有资格的机构买者
record date 登记日
with dividend 附有红利
cum dividend 附息
ex dividend 除息
legal capital 法定资本
regular cash dividend 正常现金红利
extra 额外的
special dividend 特别红利
stock dividend 股票红利
automatic dividend reinvestment plans (DRIP) 红利自动转投计划
transfer of value 价值转移
capital structure 资本结构
MM’s proposition MM定理
weighted-average cost of capital (WACC) 加权平均资本成本
margin debt 保证金借款
floating-rate note 浮动利率票据
money-market fund 货币市场基金
interest-rate ceiling 利率上限
trade-off theory 权衡理论
right to default 违约权
leverage buy-out (LBO) 杠杆收购
asymmetric information 信息不对称
financial slack 银根宽松
cost of debt 负债成本
cost of equity 权益成本
terminal value 清算价值
cash flow to equity 权益现金流
rebalancing 重整
project financing 项目融资
adjusted cost of capital 调整资本成本
equivalent loan 等值贷款
offsetting transaction 反向交易
depreciable basis 折旧基数
adjusted present value (APV) 调整现值
call option 看涨期权
exercise price 执行价格
strike price 敲定价格
exercise date 到期日
European call 欧式看涨期权
American call 美式看涨期权
position diagram 头寸图
put option 看跌期权
求财金英语专业术语，英汉都要有的
acquiring company 收购公司
bad loan 呆帐
chart of cash flow 现金流量表
clearly-established ownership 产权清晰
debt to equity 债转股
diversity of equities 股权多元化
economy of scale 规模经济
emerging economies 新兴经济
exchange-rate regime 汇率机制
fund and financing 筹资融资
global financial architecture 全球金融体系
global integration, globality 全球一体化，全球化
go public 上市
growth spurt （经济的）急剧增长
have one's "two commas" 百万富翁
hedge against 套期保值
housing mortgage 住房按揭
holdings 控股，所持股份
holding company 控股公司
initial offerings 原始股
initial public offerings 首次公募
innovative business 创新企业
intellectual capital 智力资本
inter-bank lending 拆借
internet customer 网上客户
investment payoff period 投资回收期
joint-stock 参股
mall rat 爱逛商店的年轻人
means of production 生产要素
(the)medical cost social pool for major diseases
大病医疗费用社会统筹
mergers and acquisitions 并购
mobile-phone banking 移动****业
moods 人气
net potato 网虫
non-store seling 直销
offering 新股
online-banking 网上**业
online-finance 在线金融
online client （**的）网上客户
paper profit 帐面收益
physical assets 有形资产
project fund system 项目资本金制度
pyramid sale 传销
recapitalize 资产重组
regional corrency blocks 地区货币集团
regulate 调控
sell off 变现
share(stock) option 期权，股票认购权
**art card 智能卡
slash prices 杀价
spare capacity 闲置的生产能力
strong growth 强劲的增长势头
switch trade 转手贸易
take…public 上市
tap the idle assets 盘活存量资产
transaction （**的） 交易
transfer payment from the exchequer
财政转移支付
venture-capital 风险资本
virtual bank 虚拟**
wire transfer 电子转帐
经济金融术语汉英对照表 D
D
打白条 issue IOU
大额存单 certificate of deposit（CD）
大额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts
大面积滑坡 wide-spread decline
大一统的**体制 （all-in-one）mono-bank system
呆账（请见“坏账”） bad loans
呆账准备金 loan loss reserves（provisions）
呆滞贷款 idle loans
贷款沉淀 non-performing loans
贷款分类 loan classification
贷款限额管理 credit control;to impose credit ceiling
贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechani**
代理国库 to act as fiscal agent
代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions
戴帽贷款 ear-marked loans
倒逼机制 reversed tran**ission of the pressure for easing monetary condition
道德风险 moral hazard
地区差别 regional disparity
第一产业 the primary industry
第二产业 the secondary industry
第三产业 the service industry;the tertiary industry
递延资产 deferrable assets
订货不足 insufficient orders
定期存款 time deposits
定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources
东道国（请见“母国”） host country
独立核算 independent accounting
短期国债 treasury bills
对冲操作 sterilization operation;hedging
对非金融部门债权 claims on non-financial sector
多种所有制形式 diversified ownership
经济金融术语汉英对照表 E-F
E
恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation
二级市场 secondary market
F
发行货币 to issue currency
发行总股本 total stock issue
法定准备金 required reserves;reserve requirement
法人股 institutional shares
法人股东 institutional shareholders
法治 rule of law
房地产投资 real estate investment
放松银根 to ease monetary policy
非现场稽核 off-site surveillance（or monitoring）
非**金融机构 non-bank financial institutions
非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations
分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system
分业经营 segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions
风险暴露（风险敞口） risk exposure
风险管理 risk management
风险意识 risk awareness
风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios
风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard
服务事业收入 public service charges;user's charges
扶贫 poverty alleviation
负增长 negative growth
复式预算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary account
经济金融术语汉英对照表 G
G
改革试点 reform experimentation
杠杆率 leverage ratio
杠杆收购 leveraged buyout
高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest
个人股 non-institutional shares
根本扭转 fundamental turnaround（or reversal）
公开市场操作 open market operations
公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts
公用事业 public utilities
公有经济 the state-owned sector;the public sector
公有制 public ownership
工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio
工业增加值 industrial value added
供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply
鼓励措施 incentives
股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises
股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises
股份制** joint-equity banks
固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans
关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption
关税减让 tariff concessions
关税优惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment
规范行为 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior
规模效益 economies of scale
国计民生 national interest and people's livelihood
国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals
国家风险 country risk
国际分工 international division of labor
国际收支 balance of payments
国有独资商业** wholly state-owned commercial banks
国有经济（部门） the state-owned（or public）sector
国有企业 state-owned enterprises（SOEs）
国有制 state-ownership
国有资产流失 erosion of state assets
国债回购 government securities repurchase
国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities
过度竞争 excessive competition
过度膨胀 excessive expansion
过热迹象 signs of overheating
经济金融术语汉英对照表 H
H
合理预期 rational expectation
核心资本 core capital
合资企业 joint-venture enterprises
红利 dividend
宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance
宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals
宏观调控 macroeconomic management（or adjustment）
宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives（or targets）
坏账 bad debt
还本付息 debt service
换汇成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings
汇兑在途 funds in float
汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank
汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates
活期存款 demand deposits
汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment
混合所有制 diversified（mixed）ownership
货币政策态势 monetary policy stance
货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers
经济金融术语汉英对照表 J
J
基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure
基本经济要素 economic fundamentals
基本适度 broadly appropriate
基准利率 benchmark interest rate
机关团体存款 deposits of non-profit institutions
机会成本 opportunity cost
激励机制 incentive mechani**
积压严重 heavy stockpile;excessive inventory
挤提存款 run on banks
挤占挪用 unwarranted diversion of（financial）resources（from designated uses）
技改投资 investment in technological upgrading
技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product
计划单列市 municipalities with independent planning status
计划经济 planned economy
集体经济 the collective sector
加大结构调整力度 to intensify structural adjustment
加工贸易 processing trade
加快态势 accelerating trend
加强税收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration
加权价 weighted average price
价格放开 price liberalization
价格形成机制 pricing mechani**
减亏 to reduce losses
简化手续 to cut red tape;to simplify（streamline）procedures
交投活跃 brisk trading
缴存准备金 to deposit required reserves
结构扭曲 structural distortion
结构失调 structural imbalance
结构性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance
结构优化 structural improvement（optimization）
结汇、售汇 sale and purchase of foreign exchange
金融脆弱 financial fragility
金融动荡 financial turbulence
金融风波 financial disturbance
金融恐慌 financial panic
金融危机 financial crisis
金融压抑 financial repression
金融衍生物 financial derivatives
金融诈骗 financial fraud
紧缩银根 to tighten monetary policy
紧缩政策 austerity policies;tight financial policies
经常账户可兑换 current account convertibility
经济特区 special economic zones（SEZs）
经济体制改革 economic reform
经济增长方式的转变 change in the main source of economic growth（from investment expansion to efficiency gains）
经济增长减速 economic slowdown;moderation in economic growth
经济制裁 economic sanction
经营自** autonomy in management
景气回升 recovery in business activity
境外投资 overseas investment
竞争加剧 intensifying competition
局部性金融风波 localized（isolated）financial disturbance
经济金融术语汉英对照表 K-L
K
开办人民币业务 to engage in RMB business
可维持（可持续）经济增长 sustainable economic growth
可变成本 variable cost
可自由兑换货币 freely convertible currency
控制现金投放 control currency issuance
扣除物价因素 in real terms;on inflation-adjusted basis
库存产品 inventory
跨国**业务 cross-border banking
跨年度采购 cross-year procurement
会计准则 accounting standard
L
来料加工 processing of imported materials for export
离岸**业务 off-shore banking（business）
理顺外贸体制 to rationalize foreign trade regime
利率杠杆的调节作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation
利润驱动 profit-driven
利息回收率 interest collection ratio
联行清算 inter-bank settlement
连锁企业 franchise（businesses）;chain businesses
良性循环 virtuous cycle
两极分化 growing income disparity;polarization in income distribution
零售物价指数 retail price index（RPI）
流动性比例 liquidity ratio
流动资产周转率/流通速度 velocity of liquid assets
流动资金贷款 working capital loans
流通体制 distribution system
流通网络 distribution network
留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物） hire purchase
垄断行业 monopolized industry（sector）
乱集资 irregular（illegal）fund raising
乱收费 irregular（illegal）charges
乱摊派 unjustified（arbitrary）levies
经济金融术语汉英对照表 M-P
M
买方市场 buyer's market
卖方市场 seller's market
卖出回购证券 matched sale of repo
贸易差额 trade balance
民间信用 non-institutionalized credit
免二减三 exemption of income tax for the first two years ofmaking profit and 50% tax reduction for thefollowing three years
明补 explicit subsidy
明亏 explicit loss
名牌产品 brand products
母国（请见“东道国”） home country
N
内部控制 internal control
内部审计 internal audit
内地与香港 the mainland and Hong Kong
内债 domestic debt
扭亏为盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one
扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources
农副产品采购支出 outlays for agricultural procurement
农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives（RCCs）
P
泡沫效应 bubble effect
泡沫经济 bubble economy
培育新的经济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth
片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth
平衡发展 balanced development
瓶颈制约 bottleneck（constraints）
平稳回升 steady recovery
铺底流动资金 initial（start-up）working capital
普遍回升 broad-based recovery
配套改革 concomitant（supporting）reforms
配套人民币资金 local currency funding of…
经济金融术语汉英对照表 Q-R
Q
企业办社会 enterprises burdened with social responsibilities
企业集团战略 corporate group strategy
企业兼并重组 company merger and restructuring
企业领导班子 enterprise management
企业所得税 enterprise（corporate）income tax
企业效益 corporate profitability
企业资金违规流入股市 irregular flow of enterprise funds into the stock market
欠税 tax arrears
欠息 overdue interest
强化税收征管 to strengthen tax administration
强制措施 enforcement action
翘尾因素 carryover effect
切一刀 partial application
清理收回贷款 clean up and recover loans
（破产）清算 liquidation
倾斜政策 preferential policy
区别对待 differential treatment
趋势加强 intensifying trend
全球化 globalization
权益回报率 returns on equity（ROE）
缺乏后劲 unsustainable momentum
R
绕规模贷款 to circumvent credit ceiling
人均国内生产总值 per capita GDP
人均收入 per capita income
人民币升值压力 upward pressure on the Renminbi（exchange rate）
认缴资本 subscribed capital
软贷款 soft loans
软预算约束 soft budget constraint
软着陆 soft landing
经济金融术语汉英对照表 W-X
W
外部审计 external audit
外国直接投资 foreign direct investment （FDI）
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves
外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap
外汇占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings
外向型经济 export-oriented economy
外债 external debt
外资企业 foreign-funded enterprises
完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system
完税凭证 tax payment documentation
违法经营 illegal business
委托存款 entrusted deposits
稳步增长 steady growth
稳健的**系统 a sound banking system
稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability
无纸交易 book-entry（or paperless/scriptless）transaction
物价监测 price monitoring
X
吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity
稀缺经济 scarcity economy
洗钱 money laundering
系统内调度 fund allocation within a bank
系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis
下岗工人 laid-off employees
下游企业 down-stream enterprises
现场稽核 on-site examination
现金滞留（居民手中） cash held outside the banking system
乡镇企业 township and village enterprises（TVEs）
消费物价指数 consumer price index（CPI）
消费税 excise（consumption）tax
消灭财政赤字 to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit
销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system
销售平淡 lackluster sales
协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment
新经济增长点 new sources of economic growth
新开工项目 new projects;newly started projects
新增贷款 incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion
新增就业位置 new jobs;new job opportunities
信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings
信号失真 distorted signals
信托投资公司 trust and investment companies
信息不对称 information asymmetry
信息反馈 feedback（information）
信息共享系统 information sharing system
信息披露 information disclosure
信用扩张 credir expansion
信用评级 credit rating
姓“资”还是姓“社” pertaining to sociali** or capitali**;socialist orcaptialist
行政措施 administrative measures
需求膨胀 demand expansion; excessive demand
虚伪存款 window-dressing deposits
削减冗员 to shed excess labor force
寻租 rent seeking
迅速反弹 quick rebound
经济金融术语汉英对照表 Y-Z
Y
养老基金 pension fund
一刀切 universal application;non-discretionary implementation
一级市场 primary market
应收未收利息 overdue interest
**网点 banking outlets
赢利能力 profitability
营业税 business tax
硬贷款（商业贷款） commercial loans
用地审批 to grant land use right
有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate
证券投资 portfolio investment
游资（热钱） hot money
有市场的产品 marketable products
有效供给 effective supply
诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion
逾期贷款 overdue loans;past-due loans
与国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted
与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market
预算外支出（收入） off-budget （extra-budgetary） expenditure（revenue）
预调 pre-emptive adjustment
月环比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basis
Z
再贷款 central bank lending
在国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions
在人行存款 deposits at （with） the central bank
在途资金 fund in float
增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture
增势减缓 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum
增收节支措施 revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures
增长平稳 steady growth
增值税 value-added tax（VAT）
涨幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth
账外账 concealed accounts
折旧 depreciation
整顿 retrenchment;consolidation
政策工具 policy instrument
政策性业务 policy-related operations
政策性** policy banks
政策组合 policy mix
政府干预 government intervention
证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions
证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase
支付困难 payment difficulty
支付能力 payment capacity
直接调控方式向 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments
间接调控方式转变职能转换 transformation of functions
职业道德 professional ethics
指令性措施 mandatory measures
指令性计划 mandatory plan;administered plan
制定和实施货币政策 to conduct monetary policy;to formulate and implement monetary policy
滞后影响 lagged effect
中介机构 intermediaries
中央与地方财政 delineation of fiscal responsibilities
分灶吃饭重点建设 key construction projects;key investment project
周期谷底 bottom（trough）of business cycle
周转速度 velocity
主办** main bank
**风险 sovereign risk
注册资本 registered capital
逐步到位 to phase in;phased implementation
逐步取消 to phase out
抓大放小 to seize the big and free the **all（to maintain close oversight on the large state-ownedenterprises and subject **aller ones to market competition）
专款专用 use of funds as ear-marked
转贷 on-lending
转轨经济 transition economy
转机 turnaround
转折关头 turning point
准财政赤字 quasi-fiscal deficit
准货币 quasi-money
资本不足 under-capitalized
资本充足率 capital adequacy ratio
资本利润率 return on capital
资本账户可兑换 capital account convertibility
资不抵债 insolvent;insolvency
资产负债表 balance sheet
资产负债率 liability/asset ratio;ratio of liabilities to assets
资产集中 asset concentration
资产贡献率 asset contribution factor
资产利润率 return on assets （ROA）
资产质量 asset quality
资产组合 asset portfolio
资金成本 cost of funding;cost of capital;financing cost
资金到位 fully funded （project）
资金宽裕 to have sufficient funds
资金利用率 fund utilization rate
资金缺口 financing gap
资金体外循环 financial disintermediation
资金占压 funds tied up
自筹投资项目 self-financed projects
自有资金 equity fund
综合国力 overall national strength（often measured by GDP）
综合效益指标 overall efficiency indicator
综合治理 comprehensive adjustment（retrenchment）;over-haul
总成交额 total contract value
总交易量 total amount of transactions
总成本 total cost
最后贷款人 lender of last resort
asset pricing专业就业方向
1、会计与金融学accountingandfinance：满足学生在会计和金融领域工作发展的要求，企业培养会计与财务管理的专门人才。
2、金融学finance程会比较注重理论，属于比较传统的科目，所学的金融理论知识层次会更深入对于想要攻读博士的学生会有更多帮助。
3、金融投资学financeandinvestment金融投资主要包括的几个方向是：股票、基金、期货、保险、外汇、**。
4、金融**学financeandbanking属于金融学宏观方向，课程内容主要集中在研究**、保险机构、贷款公司及相关企业的各类客户服务。
5、财务管理学financialmanagement财务管理课程是会计学课程的延伸和发展，财务管理学研究企业对资金的筹集、计划、使用和分配财务管理。
毕业论文 英语翻译
Fourth, related party transactions of listed companies standardize recommendations
China's listed companies on disclosure of related party transactions, and would only require disclosure of related party transactions, related party transactions of the content, quantity, the amount of the transaction, as well as the impact of the company, but the lack of a basis for pricing of related party transactions. The lack of an independent third party (independent director or financial advisor) for the transaction is fair and reasonable opinions. China's related party transactions of the imperfect system of information disclosure, non-normative transactions that can be boring legal loopholes.
First, to improve the disclosure of related party transactions of the accounting standards. China's "Accounting Standard for Business Enterprises?? Related parties and its easy to disclosure" provisions of the disclosure of related party transactions should be guided by the principle of importance, but because of the importance of the application of the principle, and more to rely on professional judgments, only the contents of the disclosure guidance, so that there are some companies for some of the more sensitive the disclosure of related party transactions not disclosed. Disclosure standards in determining when the amount of transaction is often used as the basis, rather than related party transactions of an enterprise's financial situation and operating results to determine the extent of the impact that these issues need to be refined system. Associated pricing policy is a key issue, the guidelines only suggest that the pricing policy should be disclosed, but what it does not spell out the pricing policy, some listed companies in the purchase and sale prices are usually linked to disclose "price in accordance with the price of the implementation of the agreement," but the price What is the number of investors still do not know. Therefore, the transaction should continue to improve the relevance of accounting standards, so that rule-based information disclosure.
Second, the norms of market intermediaries, intermediary organizations to play a supervisory role. Related party transactions in the most critical factor is the price of related party transactions, capital occupation fee, asset-price factors, such as asses**ent of prices. And the information disclosed by the end of Certified Public Accountants and other social auditing agency. However, many accounting firms do not regulate the operation, accounting firms from auditing listed companies, often to meet the unreasonable demands of listed companies, listed companies with collusion and reduces audit quality, in order to make use of related party transactions of listed companies transfer profits to open the door. Should further standardize the accounting firms and assets asses**ent of the operation of firms, to do a good job auditing, assets evaluation of the work of the social intermediary clearance, to ensure the authenticity of information disclosure, the legitimacy and integrity.
Third, strengthen law enforcement. Did not comply with the guidelines on disclosure should be punished, on the actual damage has resulted in severe punishment in particular. Controlling shareholder of the corresponding sanctions in the absence of constraints, the use of control over the manipulation of related party transactions, will be more inclined against the interests of the company, causing damage to the interests of **all shareholders. To this end, the accounting law: When the company's shareholders forced the company acts contrary to normal business conditions, loss of interest to a third party, the act should bear the responsibility of the consequences. Can learn from international practice, formulate corresponding shareholder derivative litigation system and the controlling shareholder compensation system to protect the interests of **all and medium investors.
Fourth, the normative relationship between related enterprises. As a result of the development of China's securities market is one of the purposes of service of state-owned enterprise reform, many enterprises listed subsidiary of Holdings listed on the use of such "spin-off market" and associated enterprises do not regulate their own behavior, so that large listed companies with controlling shareholders or a major shareholder of related party transactions between the high frequency. In order to avoid the use of related party transactions of listed companies to manipulate profits, listed in the enterprise restructuring process, should regulate the relationship between related enterprises, the enterprises listed before the change, reorganization of assets should be the supply, production and sales with the integrity of the composition of the system and force the listed companies have a direct market-oriented ability to operate independently. This will significantly reduce the emergence of related party transactions, in order to put an end to improper related party transactions and lay a solid foundation.
Fifth, strengthen self-regulatory mechani**. There is no doubt that the economic activities of listed companies are subject to the supervision of the relevant government departments to standardize the operation, but the Government's regulatory role is always after the fact, and the self-regulatory mechani** in a certain extent can be preventive. To be adopted to improve the management of listed companies, especially the quality of senior management so that it not only has a higher management level, but also has a wealth of accounting knowledge; and at the same time it recognizes that related party transactions of listed companies, the State, investors with more negative effects and enhance the awareness of information disclosure; in order to ensure its own compliance with national provisions on information disclosure, so that the disclosure of related party transactions of information more comprehensive, standardized.
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)是什么意思啊？
同学你好，很高兴为您解答！
CapitalAssetPricingModel(CAPM)资本资产计价模型用以说明风险与预期回报之间关系的模型，可用作为有风险证券定价。资本资产定价模型的理论为证券或投资组合的预期回报相等于无风险证券的回报率+风险溢价。若预期回报不能达到或超越要求回报，则不应进行这项投资计算方法。
希望我的回答能帮助您解决问题，如您满意，请采纳为最佳答案哟。
再次感谢您的提问，更多财会问题欢迎提交给高顿企业知道。
高顿祝您生活愉快！
