我需要一些不规则的名词复数

英语不规则名词复数表

一、 分类

1. 以f或fe结尾：大多数以f或fe结尾的名词的复数形式时将其转为ves，但个别直接加s：

* roof → roofs 屋顶

* gulf → gulfs 海湾

* grief → griefs 悲伤, 悲痛, 担心

* cliff → cliffs 悬崖, 峭壁

* beef → beefs 牛肉

* chief → chiefs 首长, 首领

* proof → proofs 证明

* staff → staffs 全体职员

2. 元音：有些名称的复数形式是改变它们的元音声：

* -man → -men 男……

* -woman → -women 女……

* fireman → firemen 消防员

* foot → feet 脚

* goose → geese 鹅

* tooth → teeth 牙齿

* mouse → mice 老鼠

* louse → lice 虱子

3. 古代英语：有些是沿用古代英语：

* child → children 小孩, 儿童

* ox → oxen 牛, 阉牛

4. 以o结尾：

 有的以o结尾的单词加“s”：

* auto → autos [美口] 汽车

* kangaroo → kangaroos 袋鼠

* kilo → kilos 千克, 公斤

* memo → memos [口] 备忘录

* photo → photos 照片

* piano → pianos 钢琴

* pimento → pimentos 多香果

* pro → pros 赞成意见

* con → cons 反对意见

* solo → solos, soli 独唱, 独奏

* soprano → sopranos 女高音

* studio → studios 工作室

* tattoo → tattoos 文身

* video → videos 视频

* zoo → zoos 动物园

* bamboo → bamboos 竹子

 有的则加“es”：

* echo → echoes 回声, 反响

* embargo → embargoes 禁运, 禁运令

* hero → heroes 英雄

* potato → potatoes 土豆

* tomato → tomatoes 番茄

* torpedo → torpedoes 鱼雷, 水雷

* veto → vetoes 否决, 否决权

* negro → negroes 黑人

 有的两种都可以：

* buffalo → buffalos / buffaloes / buffalo 水牛

* cargo → cargos / cargoes (船/飞机的)货物

* halo → halos / haloes 光环

* mosquito → mosquitos / mosquitoes 蚊子

* motto → mottos / mottoes 箴言, 格言

* no → nos / noes 没有

* tornado → tornados / tornadoes 龙卷风

* volcano → volcanos / volcanoes 火山

* zero → zeros / zeroes 零

* commando → commands / commandoes突击员

5. 不变：有的则不变：

* cod → cod 鳕鱼

* deer → deer 鹿

* fish → fish 鱼, 鱼类

* offspring → offspring 子孙, 后裔, 幼崽

* perch → perch 鲈鱼

* sheep → sheep 绵羊

* trout → trou 鲑鱼

* bison → bison 野牛

* moose → moose 驼鹿

* aircraft → aircraft 飞机, 飞行器

下面这些都是固有复数，即使单数也是像复数形式：

* barracks → barracks 兵营

* crossroads → crossroads 十字路口

* dice → dice 骰子

* gallows → gallows 绞刑架

* headquarters → headquarters 总部

* means → means 方法, 手段, 途径

* series → series 系列

* species → species 物种

6. 借用单词：英语中有些单词是借用其他语言的。部分借用单词的复数跟随外语形式，下面每行的第二个单词都是外语形式，第三个为现时英语使用：

 以“a”结尾的转为“ae”：

* alga → algae 水藻

* amoeba → amoebae, amoebas变形虫

* antenna → antennae, antennas 触角,天线

* formula → formulae, formulas 公式

* larva → larvae (昆虫的)幼虫

* nebula → nebulae, nebulas 星云

* vertebra → vertebrae, vertebras 脊椎骨

* alumna → alumnae 女校友

 以“u”结尾的转为“ux”：

* beau → beaux, beaus 情郎, 纨绔子弟

* bureau → bureaux, bureaus 局, 机构

* tableau → tableaux, tableaus 舞台造型, 场景

* plateau → plateaux, plateaus 高原, 平顶

 以“us”结尾的转为“-ora”、“-era”（适用于专业术语）：

* corpus → corpora 资料, 文集, 文献

* genus → genera (动植物的)属, 类

 以“us”结尾的转为“i”：

* alumnus → alumni 校友

* bacillus → bacilli 杆菌

* cactus → cacti, cactuses 仙人球,仙人掌

* focus → foci 焦点

* fungus → fungi, funguses 真菌

* nucleus → nuclei 核心, 原子核

* octopus → octopi, octopuses 章鱼

* radius → radii, radiuses 半径

* stimulus → stimuli **物, 促进因素

* syllabus → syllabi, syllabuses 大纲, 提纲

* terminus → termini 终点, 目标, 界碑

* hippopotamus→ hippopotami 河马

* genius → genii, geniuses 天才

* abacus → abaci, abacuses 算盘

 以“um”结尾的转为“a”：

* addendum → addenda 附录, 补遗

* bacterium → bacteria 细菌

* curriculum → curricula, curriculums 总课程

* datum → data 数据

* erratum → errata 写错, 排错, 勘误

* medium → media 媒体

* memorandum → memoranda, memorandums 备忘

* ovum → ova 卵子, 卵细胞

* stratum → strata, stratums 岩层, 地层, 阶层

* symposium → symposia, symposiums座谈会

* agendum → agenda 议程

* vacuum → vacua, vacuums 真空, 空虚, 空白

* gymnasium → gymnasia 健身房, 体育馆

* stadium → stadia, stadiums 体育场

* forum → for a, forums 论坛

* minimum → minima 最小量

* ultimatum → ultimata, ultimatums 最后通牒

 以“ex”或“ix”结尾的转为“ices”：

* apex → apices, apexes 顶点

* appendix → appendices, appendixes 附录

* cervix → cervices, cervixes 宫颈

* index → indices, indexes 目录, 索引

* matrix → matrices, matrixes 模型, 矩阵

* vortex → vortices, vortexes 漩涡

 以“is”结尾的转为“es”：

* ****ysis → ****yses 分析, 解析, 纲领

* axis → axes 轴线, 中心线

* basis → bases 基础, 底座, 基点

* crisis → crises 危机, 危机时刻

* diagnosis → diagnoses 诊断法, 诊断结论

* emphasis → emphases 强调, 重点

* hypothesis → hypotheses 假设, 猜想

* neurosis → neuroses 神经机能病/官能症

* oasis → oases 绿洲, 乐土

* parenthesis → parentheses 插入语, 圆括号

* synopsis → synopses 摘要, 大纲

* thesis → theses 论文, 论题, 论点

* ellipsis → ellipses [语]省略

* synthesis → syntheses 综合, 合成

 以“on”结尾的转为“a”：

* criterion → criteria (批评/判断的)标准

* phenomenon → phenomena 现象, 征兆

* automaton → automata 机器人, 机械手

 英语中沿用其他语言的规则：

 意大利语：“o”转为“i”

* libretto → libretti (歌剧等的)剧本

* tempo → tempi 拍子, 节奏, 速度

* virtuoso → virtuosi, virtuosos 艺术家

* concerto → concerti 协奏曲

 希伯来语：加“im”

* cherub → cherubim 小天使

* seraph → seraphim 六翼天使

 希腊语：加“ta”

* schema → schemata 概要, 计划, 图表

* stigma → stigmata 耻辱的标记, 瑕疵

二、 不规则名词复数列表（前面提到的除外）

A * abacus → abaci, abacuses 算盘

* addendum → addenda 附录, 补遗

* agendum → agenda 议程

* aircraft → aircraft 飞机, 飞行器

* alga → algae 水藻

* alumna → alumnae [美]女校友

* alumnus → alumni 校友

* ****ysis → ****yses 分析, 解析, 纲领

* antenna → antennas, antennae 天线, 触角

* apex → apices, apexes 顶点

* appendix → appendices, appendixes 附录

* automaton → automata 机器人, 机械手

* axis → axes 轴线, 中心线

B * bacillus → bacilli 杆菌

* bacterium → bacteria 细菌

* basis → bases 基础, 底座, 基点

* beau → beaux, beaus 情郎, 纨绔子弟

* beef → beefs 牛肉

* bison → bison 野牛

* brace → brace 支架, 背带, 花括号

* sister-in-law → sisters-in-law 大小姨子, 大小姑子

* buffalo → buffalos, buffaloes, buffalo 水牛

* bureau → bureaux, bureaus 局, 机构

* bus → busses, buses 公共汽车

C * cactus → cactuses, cacti 仙人球, 仙人掌

* calf → calves 牛犊

* cargo → cargos / cargoes (船/飞机的)货物

* cervix → cervices, cervixes 宫颈

* cherub → cherubim 小天使

* chief → chiefs 首长, 首领

* child → children 儿童, 小孩

* Chinese → Chinese 中国

* cliff → cliffs 悬崖, 峭壁

* cod → cod * 鳕鱼

* corps → corps 军队, 特种部队

* corpus → corpora, corpuses 资料,文集,文献

* crisis → crises 危机, 危机时刻

* criterion → criteria (批评/判断的)标准

* curriculum → curricula, curriculums 总课程

D * datum → data 数据

* deer → deer 鹿

* dice → dice 骰子

* dwarf → dwarfs, dwarves 小矮人

* diagnosis → diagnoses 诊断法, 诊断结论

E * echo → echoes 回声, 反响

* elf → elves 小精灵

* ellipsis → ellipses [语]省略

* embargo → embargoes 禁运, 禁运令

* emphasis → emphases 强调, 重点

* erratum → errata 写错, 排错, 勘误

F * fireman → firemen 消防员

* fish → fish, fishes 鱼, 鱼类

* focus → focuses 焦点

* foot → feet 脚

* formula → formulae, formulas 公式, 方程式

* forum → for a, forums 论坛

* fungus → fungi, funguses 真菌

G * genus → genera (动植物的)属, 类

* goose → geese 鹅

* gallows → gallows 绞刑架

* genius → genii, geniuses 天才

* goosefoot → goosefoots 藜

* grief → griefs 悲伤, 悲痛, 担心

* gulf → gulfs 海湾

* gymnasium → gymnasia 健身房, 体育馆

H * half → halves 一半

* halo → halos, haloes 光环

* headquarters → headquarters 总部

* hero → heroes 英雄

* hippopotamus→hippopotami, hippopotamuses 河马

* hoof → hoofs, hooves 蹄

* hypothesis → hypotheses 假说, 猜想

I * index → indices, indexes 目录, 索引

K * knife → knives 小刀

L * larva → larvae (昆虫的)幼虫

* leaf → leaves 树叶

* libretto → libretti (歌剧等的)剧本

* life → lives 生命

* loaf → loaves 一块, 一条(面包等)

* louse → lice 虱子

* looker-on → lookers-on 围观者

M * -man → -men 男人

* man doctor → men doctors 男医生

* manservant → menservants 男仆

* man-time → men-times 人次

* man-day → man-days 人日

* matrix → matrices, matrixes 模型, 矩阵

* means → means 方法, 手段, 途径

* medium → media 媒质, 媒介

* memorandum → memoranda, memorandums 备忘

* millennium → millenniums, milennia

* moose → moose 驼鹿

* mosquito → mosquitoes, mosquitos 蚊子

* mouse → mice 老鼠

N * nebula → nebulae, nebulas 星云

* neurosis → neuroses 神经机能病/官能症

* no → nos / noes 没有

* nucleus → nuclei 核心, 原子核

O * oasis → oases 绿洲, 乐土

* octopus → octopi, octopuses 章鱼

* offspring → offspring 子孙, 后裔, 幼崽

* optimum → optima 有利条件

* ovum → ova 卵子, 卵细胞

* ox → oxen 牛, 阉牛

P * paralysis → paralyses 麻痹, 瘫痪, 中风

* parenthesis → parentheses 插入语, 圆括号

* penny → pence 便士

* perch → perch * 鲈鱼

* person → people 人

* phenomenon → phenomena 现象, 征兆

R * radius → radii, radiuses 半径

S * scarf → scarfs, scarves 围巾, 披肩

* schema → schemata 概要, 计划, 图表

* seed → seed, seeds 种子

* self → selves 自己

* seraph → seraphim 六翼天使

* series → series 系列

* sheaf sheaves [量] 捆, 束, 扎

* sheep → sheep 绵羊

* shelf → shelves 架子, 搁板

* shrimp → shrimp 虾, 小虾

* scissors → scissors 剪刀

* species → species 物种

* stadium → stadia, stadiums 体育场

* still life → still lifes 静物画

* stimulus → stimuli **物, 促进因素

* stratum → strata, stratums 岩层, 地层, 阶层

* Swiss → Swiss 瑞士人

* syllabus → syllabi, syllabuses 大纲, 提纲

* symposium → symposia, symposiums 座谈会

* synthesis → syntheses 综合, 合成

* synopsis → synopses 摘要, 大纲

T * tableau → tableaux, tableaus 舞台造型, 场景

* tempo → tempi 拍子, 节奏, 速度

* terminus → termini 终点, 目标, 界碑

* that → those 那个

* thesis → theses 论文, 论题, 论点

* thief → thieves 贼, 小偷

* this → these 这个

* tooth → teeth 牙齿

* tornado tornados, tornadoes 龙卷风

* torpedo → torpedoes 鱼雷, 水雷

* trout → trout * 鲑鱼

* trousers → trousers 裤子

V * vacuum → vacua, vacuums 真空, 空虚, 空白

* vertebra → vertebrae, vertebras 脊椎骨

* veto → vetoes 否决, 否决权

* virtuoso → virtuosi, virtuosos 艺术家

* vita → vitae 个人简历, 生活

* volcano → volcanos / volcanoes 火山

* vortex → vortices, vortexes 漩涡

reach a plateau是什么意思

reach

a

plateau

达到一个高原

plateau

英[ˈplætəʊ]

美[plæˈtoʊ]

n.

高原;

平稳时期，稳定水平;

停滞期;

v.

进入停滞期;

达到平稳状态;

[例句]A

broad

valley

opened

up

leading

to

a

high,

flat

plateau

of

cultivated

land.

一条宽阔的山谷展现在眼前，通往一处平整的开垦地高原。

[其他]

第三人称单数：plateaus

复数：plateaux

现在分词：plateauing

过去式：plateaued

牦牛的英文简介

The wild yak has a dense undercoat of soft, close-matted hair which is covered by generally dark brown to black outer hair. Its long, shaggy coat reaches almost to the ground. The wild yak can weigh up to 1000 kg (2200 lb) with a shoulder height of over 2 m (6.5'). It occurs in treeless uplands, including plains, hills, and mountains, from as low as 3200 m (10,500') up to the limit of vegetation at about 5400 m (18,000'). It stays in high areas with permanent snow during the warmer months of August and September, and spends the rest of the year at lower elevations. The wild yak grazes on grasses, herbs and lichens. Ordinarily it gathers in groups of 10 - 30 or more, but it may occasionally be observed in large groups of 100 - 200.

The wild yak was once numerous and widespread on the entire Tibetan plateau north of the Himalayas. Currently it is found in remote areas of the Tibetan plateau and adjacent highlands, including Gansu Province, China, with a few having been observed in the Chang Chenmo Valley of Ladakh (eastern Kashmir, India). Wild yak distribution is highly clumped, with most animals in widely scattered herds, concentrated in the areas with little disturbance by humans. A survey conducted in 2003 found increasing populations of wild yak compared to previous surveys taken 10 years earlier.

Uncontrolled hunting by natives and military personnel is the main reason for the wild yak's decline. Its range has been reduced by more than half during this century. Poaching remains the main current threat. The wild yak has lost most of the best alpine meadow and steppe habitat to pastoralists. Problems are also caused by habitat disturbance, hybridization and competition with domestic yaks, and disease tran**itted by domestic yaks.