如何翻译“运用市场化和法治化手段，严格环保标准。”（英语语法，英语翻译？

原句：运用市场化和法治化手段，严格环保标准。

翻译：Using market-oriented and rule of law methods to strictly enforce environmental protection standards.

法律顾问的职责英文介绍

1． 法律服务范围

The Attorney will act as the legal council of Party A in P.R. China, within the service period, from January 1, 2010 to December 30, 2010. The legal services shall include:

律师将在约定的服务期限内：即2010年1月1日至2010年12月30日，担任甲方在中国的法律顾问。其法律服务的范围包括：

 Legal consultation for Party A’s business operation, include internal management and business with a third party, via telephone, email or face-to-face talk. 通过电子邮件、**或面谈，为甲方的经营(包括内部管理和对外经济事务)提供法律咨询

 Legalization on labor contract, company’s labor management rules(e.g. staff handbook), Salary structure design. 规范劳动合同和公司劳动管理制度（例如员工手册），薪酬结构设计

 Drafting contract according to Party A’s requirement or Amendment on the contract Party A provided (for example, a contract drafted by a business partner of Party A or by Party A itself). 根据甲方的要求起草合同或者修改甲方提供的合同（例如甲方生意伙伴起草的，或者甲方起草的）

 Reviewing other legal documents provided by Party A(e.g. Notice, statement, letter, etc.)审查甲方提供的其他法律文书（例如通知、声明、信函等）

 Preparing lawyer’s letters when Party A’s requests. 如甲方要求，出具律师函。

 Participation in Party A’s labor dispute or economic dispute, in non-contentious phase, (e.g. personal talk, correspondence, negotiation, etc). 参与甲方劳动争议、经济**的非诉讼处理，例如个人谈话、沟通、谈判等。

如何辩论 legalize prostitution

Introduction

With the invention of males and females came the constant need for negotiation, as history indicates. Some civilizations were based on male dominance and rewarded those who possessed strength, innate tactical intelligence and traits generally present in males. This explains why many civilizations have not been kind to women. A **all number of civilizations did honor women, but women have never been able to achieve equal status with men.

Women have not always been able to escape the role of housewife or gain a political voice. Only in recent human history have women been able to obtain relative equality. They have been able to make great gains through a considerable amount of achievements, no need to list here. Yet to this day, men and women have specialized roles within societies, differing only slightly in some countries and greatly in other countries.

Cultural Differences

Each culture deals differently with heterosexuality. Most cultures encourage monogamy, while countries like Saudi Arabia have adopted polygyny. Even within societies that safeguard or promote monogamous relations, there are allowances for citizens to have many types of sexual relations. People can remain monogamous to one person at time or date multiple partners simultaneously. People can have open marriages (a.k.a. swinging) or exist within monogamous relationships and be covertly promiscuous (Hughs, 1990). There are also people who frequent prostitutes regardless of the law.

When we examine sex as a trade, the combination of philosophy, cultural precedence, religious influence and politics made each country select how to handle it in its own way. In Singapore, sex for money is open and commonplace. Denmark women can be legal prostitutes so long as it is not their sole means of income. Canada, France and Mexico allow it. Prostitutes must be contained within brothels in the Netherlands, unlike within England and Wales where prostitution is limited to individual providers. Israel, the historical stage for the Bible, allows it, too. Meanwhile, the United States has made prostitution illegal (misdemeanor) in all states, except certain counties of Nevada (Decriminalize Prostitution Now Coalition, 2000).

Even though it is quite natural on a biological level for males and females to host desires and have intimate relations with many partners (Hughs, 1990), it would probably be a very unproductive line of reasoning when considering the legalization of prostitution. Humankind no longer succumbs to animal behavior and has built infrastructures that depend on us expunging primitive manneri**s. Unlike the animal kingdom, we deal with sexuality without force. Nevertheless, there is still room for prostitution within civilized societies, since sex can be considered to be a service traded for goods, services, relationships, and money.

Sex Within Monogamous Societies

Sex sometimes becomes a bartered service even within the sanctity of marriage. One provides sex for love, while another provides love for sex. Someone else finds warmth and attention within the act of sex. Like ants who send chemical messages to each other to convey both intricate and basic messages, sex becomes part of that type of communication even within civilized relationships (Pines, n.d. Malick, n.d.). It is also a healthy outlet, too. We may not be animals who forage in forests but our desire for sex, or at least the actions, thoughts and feelings that come with it, are deeply part of whom we are.

A primal desire must not be ignored or suppressed, but instead managed. Within the sanctity of marriage, balancing acts must be performed to ensure each member of the team is getting what he or she needs. From cleaning the house, buying new furniture, displaying one's affection and releasing stress, sex gets caught up in the mix and can sometimes become a bargaining chip. It is as normal as doing a favor or performing an act of kindness, when one is not in the mood. Much like when a chore must be done, one may choose or not choose to do it, depending on extenuating circumstances or immediate pressing demands.

Sex, like everything else, is up on the table for 'sale' within marriage and other relationships. It is not a foreign concept to anyone who has ever been in a sexual relationship over an extended period of time. Usually there is no direct exchange of money, but natural exchanges in a give-and-take situation do occur when things are normal and healthy. So long as there are no heavy demands and freedom of choice exists, sex is a commodity of sorts.

The Effects of Prohibition

The United States is rooted on freedom of speech, religion and trade. The first two are specifically mentioned early on within The Constitution. Those inalienable rights are not given to us by The Constitution, but are instead protected by it. So why violate the premise by prohibiting relations between consenting *****s?

Some people believe that governments can make better choices for us, but it wasn't a vision the Founding Fathers had when they created The Constitution. The U.S. government is designed mainly to be run by the people, which is in direct opposition to modern liberali** that insists it control people. Yet, morally conservative groups that adopted this liberal view of government passed the Eighteenth Amendment to prohibit the distribution and sale of alcohol.

Recall prohibition from 1920 to 1933 and remember the affects it had on alcohol consumption. Home producers created whiskey and bathtub gin. The price of alcohol skyrocketed in black market sales due to heavy demand and the greedy public officials who secretly monitored it, so it was believed. Bootlegging became an underground industry (Nixon, 2001). As a result prohibition did literally nothing to actually prevent alcohol from being consumed by the public.

The government, and ultimately the public, suffered huge losses from prohibition. The government lost considerable amounts of tax dollars from bootlegged alcohol and it became impossible to regulate the quality, i.e. safety, of the product. In attempts to prohibit alcohol consumption through the Volstead Act, spending by the Bureau of Prohibition went from $4.4 million to $13.4 million annually. Spending by the Coast Guard was an average $13 million per year in the 1920s for prohibition alone (Thornton, 1991). In fact when per capita costs are ****yzed, spending more to curb behavior did literally nothing against consumption, making a total mockery of law enforcement efforts.

Social irresponsibility of this magnitude during the depression was horrific when considering how these monies could have been spent to do good for society. Programs could have been developed to help the unemployed. Healthcare could have been expanded to include social programs to drive down high ******* rates.

It was thought prohibition would put an end to many social problems but it actually created many more. Increasing the number of laws runs a risk of creating more criminals, and that is exactly what had happened. Jails became filled. Government spending to pay for the housing and maintenance of these criminals went up (Thornton, 1991). Compounded by the lack of intake from alcohol tax, it placed huge dents on public coffers.

Prohibition caused many problems related to criminal activity. There was a causal link between prohibition and an increase in homicides. During prohibition, homicide rates increased over 66%. After prohibition was repealed on Dec. 5, 1933, the homicide rate immediately dropped and eventually reached pre-prohibition levels in the mid-1940s (Thornton, 1991).

The philosophy of prohibition came from many 'dry groups,' but the Anti-Saloon League working closely with the Woman's Christian Temperance Union were the driving forces in establishing prohibition (Ohio State University, 1997). Politics, which is really about solving the problems society faces, became victimized by morally conservative lobbyists. They held a belief that a desire for spirits could be repressed instead of managed. We will see over the course of human history that the philosophy of repression and abolition bears no merit.

英文翻译

原文： For legalization by foreign consul in Japan,

this is to certify that the Seal affixed hereto

is genuine.

OSAKA JUN. 10,2010

Official

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

(Consular Service Division)

翻译：

通过对日本外交领事合法化,

这是为了保证密封贴

是真品。

大阪,2010年6月10日

官方

外交部

(领事服务处)。