allegory,fable,parable,fairy tale它们之间有什么区别？

allegory,fable,parable,fairy tale的区别为：指代不同、用法不同、侧重点不同

一、指代不同

1、allegory：寓言。

2、fable：谎言。

3、parable：寓言故事。

4、fairy tale：童话(故事)。

二、用法不同

1、allegory：a short moral story (often with animal characters)一个简短的道德故事（通常有动物角色）。

2、fable：fable指短小而寓有教育意义的虚构故事，故事的主人公多为拟人化的动物或非动物之类，也作传说解。

3、parable：(New Testament) any of the stories told by Jesus to convey his religious message（新约）耶稣为了传达他的宗教信息而讲的故事。

4、fairy tale：tale常可与story换用，指以事实为中心作叙述的故事，也指古代流传下来的传说故事或神话故事。

三、侧重点不同

1、allegory：侧重于假借过去的事来讽刺现实。

2、fable：侧重于虚拟的事情来体现道理。

3、parable：侧重于神学领域的寓言故事。

4、fairy tale：侧重于体现美好的童话故事。

英语高手进...问两组词的区别...

《美国传统词典》对anthropomorphi**的解释是：Attribution of human motivation, characteristics, or behavior to inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena.

(拟人论，拟人观：赋予无生命的物体，动物或自然现象以人的动机，特征或行动)

对personification的解释是：A figure of speech in which inanimate objects or abstractions are endowed with human qualities or are represented as possessing human form.(拟人，人格化：给无生命的东西或者抽象的东西赋予人的个性或绘以人的形象)

很抱歉我也不知道它们在用法上的区别。

《美国传统词典》对fable的解释是：A usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like human beings.(寓言：一种通常短小的故事，用来表示启发或谨慎的观点，常利用说话或有人的行为的动物为角色)

对allegory的解释是：A literary, dramatic, or pictorial device in which characters and events stand for abstract ideas, principles, or forces, so that the literal sense has or suggests a parallel, deeper symbolic sense.(讽喻：一种文学、戏剧或绘画的艺术手法，其中人物和事件代表抽象的观点、原则或支配力，从而使表面含义含有或表达一种对等的，但更深刻的象征意义)

“寓言”是文学体裁，“讽喻”是修辞手法。

allegory是什么意思

allegory

[英][ˈæləgəri][美][ˈæləgɔ:ri]

n.寓言;

The new york observer called it a "brilliant allegory of new york city living."

《纽约观察家报》（The New York Observer）称它是“对纽约都市生活最精彩的隐喻”。

急：Allegory寓言和symboli**象征主义的区别

Symbol 象征

sth. that represents sth. else

a person, object, or event that suggests more that its literal meaning

not hidden

cannot be restricted to a single meaning

suggestive rather than definitive

literary symbols

traditional, conventional, or public meanings,

may be established internally by the total context of the work in which it appears

can be a setting,character,action,object,name,or anything else in a work that maintains its literal significance while suggesting other meanings

Conventional symbols: symbols that are widely recognized by a society or culture. They're used to reinforce meanings by writers.

How to do with symbols?

Keeping track of the total context of the story → decide whether the reading is reasonable and consistent with the other facts

be sensitive to the meanings that the author associates with people,places,objects actions → a close reading of the story will allow us to see how why the author constructs the symbolic meaning that way.

Allegory 寓言

a character, object, or incident which indicates a single, fixed meaning

the primary focus is on the abstract idea called forth by the concrete object

definitive rather than suggestive

Most modern writers prefer the exploratory nature of symbols to the reductive nature of pure allegory.

英语修辞allegory（暗讽）的含义

Allegory 讽喻,比方

英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书

这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.

例如:

1.Make the hay while the sun shines.

表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草

真正意味：趁热打铁

2.It's time to turn plough into sword.

附：【英语】修辞方法

1.Simile 明喻

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.

标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.

例如:

1.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.

2.I wandered lonely as c cloud.

3.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻

隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.

例如:

1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

2.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.

I.以容器代替内容,例如:

1.The kettle boils. 水开了.

2.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.

II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:

Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.

III.以作者代替作品,例如:

a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集

VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.

我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.

4.Synecdoche 提喻

提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.

例如:

1.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.

他的厂里约有100名工人.

2.He is the Newton of this century.

他是本世纪的牛顿.

3.The fox goes very well with your cap.

这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.

5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉

这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.

例如:

1.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.

鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.

2.Taste the music of Mozart.

品尝Mozart的音乐.

6.Personification 拟人

拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.

例如:

1.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.

2.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.

7.Hyperbole 夸张

夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..

例如:

1.I beg a thousand pardons.

2.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.

3.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.

8.Paralleli** 排比, 平行

这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.

例如:

1.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.

2.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.

9.Euphemi** 委婉,婉辞法

婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.

例如:

1.He is out visiting the necessary.

他出去方便一下.

2.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate.

他与妻子关系不融洽.

3.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997.

10.Allegory 讽喻,比方

这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.

例如:

1.Make the hay while the sun shines.

2.It's time to turn plough into sword.

11.Irony 反语

反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.

例如:

1.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.

2"Of course, you only carry large notes, no **all change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.

12.Pun 双关

双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的

幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.

例如:

1.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.

2.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.

3.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.

13.Parody 仿拟

这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.

例如:

1.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.

2.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.

3.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.

14.Rhetorical question 修辞疑问

它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.

例如:

1.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?

2.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?

15.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶

这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.

例如:

1.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.

2.You are staying; I am going.

3.Give me liberty, or give me death.

16.Paradox 隽语

这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法,是一种矛盾修辞法..

例如:

1.More haste, less speed.

2.The child is the father to the man.

17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻

这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.

例如:

1.No light, but rather darkness visible.

2.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.

18.Climax 渐进法,层进法

这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.

例如:

1.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.

2.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.

19.Anticlimax 渐降法

与climax相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.

例如:

1.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.

2.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.

20.Transferred Epithet 移位修饰

通过这个定义我们不难看出：Transferred epithet是一种特殊的语言现象，它的特点是：把本应该用来描述甲事物性质状态的定语去形容乙事物，而乙事物却根本不具备这种性质或功能。从逻辑上来分析，是不合情理的，但在具体语言环境中却恰到好处，而且还有很强的艺术魅力。其作用在于引起读者的联想，还有出人意外，引人入胜之妙。