单边主义英语

以下是关于“单边主义”的英语相关介绍，仅供参考：

英文 unilaterali**

2.以下是关于单边主义一些例句和用法

A comment on the unilateral diplomacy of the bush ' s government

评布什政府的单边主义外交

The unilateral diplomatic policy of u . s . a and the north korea nuclear crisis

美国单边主义外交政策在朝核危机中的映射

On the unilateralist of trade policies carried out by usa in 1990s of 20 century

论20世纪90年代美国贸易政策中的单边主义

Like america , china can still display a penchant for unilaterali** that undermines all its careful diplomacy

与美国一样，中国仍可以表现出足以破坏其所有谨慎外交的单边主义倾向。

什么是单边主义和多边主义？

什么是单边主义

什么是单边主义（非协商主义）？显然，单边主义就是具有“非协商”属性真理的统称。比如“美国优先”政策就属于“非协商”属性的真理，比如“美国退出‘伊核协议’”的真理就属于非协商属性的真理。

什么是多边主义

百度百科：所谓单边主义是指举足轻重的特定大国，不考虑大多数国家和民众的愿望，单独或带头退出或挑战已制订或商议好了的维护国际性、地区性、集体性和平、发展、进步的规则和制度，并对全局或局部的和平、发展、进步有破坏性的影响和后果的行为与倾向。

小编认为，“单边主义”就是与“多边主义”相对应的、一意孤行的、不与其他国家协商解决国际间问题的——（国际）非协商主义。

什么是真理？子一哲学认为，真理就是在一定时间一定范围和一定条件下能决定人们行为的意识。法律是什么？法律其实就是国家的意志，就是国家规定人们行为的政府意识。

什么是主义？子一哲学认为，主义就是具有某种属性真理的统称。比如，自由主义就是有关“自由”属性真理的统称，爱国主义就是具有“爱国”属性真理的统称，左倾主义就是具有“左倾”属性真理的统称，右倾主义就是具有“右倾”属性真理的统称。

什么是多边主义（协商主义）？

显然，多边主义就是具有“协商”属性真理的统称。比如“少数服从多数”真理就是属于“经协商、大家都认可”的协商属性真理，比如“议会具有协商、制定法律的权利”就是具有协商属性的真理。

单边主义和多边主义究竟哪个好

子一哲学认为，任何真理都是有对错或好坏之分的。也就是说，任何真理在一定时间一定范围和一定条件下可以是正确的、或好的真理，但是在其他“一定时间一定范围和一定条件下”，这个真理则可以是错误的、或坏的真理。多边主义（协商主义）真理和单边主义（非协商主义）真理也是如此。

急求有关中国历史经济，文化，社会发展的英语四级英语词汇？

中国经济

总需求 aggregate demand 总供给 aggregate supply 企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司 cross-national corporation

创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济 holiday economy 人力资本human capital

航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业 electronic industry 汽车制造工业 car industry 娱乐业 entertainment industry 信息产业 information industry

知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry

国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业 light industry 博彩业 lottery industry II

制造业 manufacturing industry 垄断行业 monopoly industries 市场多元化 market diversification 市场经济 market economy 市场监管 market supervision 购买力 purchasing power 熊市 bear market 牛市 bull market 城镇化 urbanization 房地产 real estate 首付 down-payment 业主 home owner

个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 经济全球化 economic globalization 经济特区 special economic zones (SEZ) 经济增长 economic growth

泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff 纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy

货币投放量 the size of money supply 流动性过剩excess liquidity 经济过热 overheated economy 通货膨胀inflation

抑制通货膨胀curb inflation 注入流动性 to inject liquidity 贴现率 discount rate

存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio (RRR) 公开市场业务 open market operation (OMO) 逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo

引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level

稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy 微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy 硬着陆 hard landing 软着陆 soft landing

二十国集团 Group of Twenty (G2O) 财政部长 Finance Minister

全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year 经济活力 economic vitality

大规模经济**计划 a massive economic stimulus package 结构改革 structural reform 硬资产 hard assets 软资产 soft assets 有形资产 tangible assets 经济走廊 economic corridor

整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order 反垄断 antitrust; anti-monopoly 定价浮动 price fluctuations IV

谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit 债务审计audit of debt 地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability

公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system 债务管理 debt management 信用支持 credit support

中国社会

多元文化论 cultural plurali** 文化适应 acculturation 社会保障 social security 班车 shuttle bus

相定迁户 a relocated unit or household 大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age 独生子女 the only child in a family 单亲 single parent 福利彩票 welfare lotteries

家政服务 household management service 民工 migrant laborers 名人 celebrity 农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers 青春期 puberty

全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign 全国人口普查 nationwide census 社会保险 social insurance

暂住证 temporary residence permit/card 青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency 性骚扰 sexual haras**ent 走私 **uggling

*性另歧视 gender/sexual discrimination 年龄歧视 age discrimination 工作歧视 job discrimination 享乐主义hedoni** 文盲 illiteracy

贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor 盗版 pirated/illegal copies 一国两制 One Country, Two Systems 三个代表 the Three Represents Theory 两会(人大、政协)Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC) 南南合作 South-South Cooperation 南北对话 North-South Dialog

人大常委会 People’s Congress Standing Committee 法制观念 awareness of law

法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system 改革开放 reform and opening-up 公务员 civil servants

****作风 the bureaucratic style of work

和谐并存 harmonious coexistence 计划生育 family planning

计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning 4青才申文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization 居委会 neighborhood committee

科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education 可持续发展 sustainable development 廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency 两岸关系 cross-straits relations 两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations 领 土完整 territorial integrity 民族精神 national spirit 普选制 general election system

求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences 人大代表NPC member

物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization 小康社会 a well-off society 小康水平 a well-off standard

一个中国原则 the one-China principle 与时俱进 keep pace with the times 综合国力 overall national strength 共同愿望common desire “走出去”(战略)going global 不结盟 non-alignment VII

单边主义 unilaterali** 多边政策 multilaterali** 多极世界 multipolar world 人 口 老龄化 aging of population 人口出生率birth rate 社区月服务 community service 道德法庭 court of ethics 盗用公款embezzlement

成人夜校 night school for *****s 在职进修班 on-job training courses

政治思想教育 political and ideological education 毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate 充电 update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学城 college town 大学社区 college community 高等教

育 higher education

高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts

理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范学院 teachers’ college; normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities VII

单边主义 unilaterali** 多边政策 multilaterali** 多极世界 multipolar world 人 口 老龄化 aging of population 人口出生率birth rate 社区月服务 community service 道德法庭 court of ethics 盗用公款embezzlement

成人夜校 night school for *****s 在职进修班 on-job training courses

政治思想教育 political and ideological education 毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate 充电 update one’s knowledge 初等教育 elementary education 大学城 college town 大学社区 college community 高等教育 higher education

高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education 高等学府 institution of higher education 综合性大学 comprehensive university 文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts

理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering 师范学院 teachers’ college; normal college 高分低能 high scores and low abilities

京剧 Peking opera 秦腔 Qin opera 功夫Kungfo 太极Tai Chi 口 技 ventriloqui** 木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏 shadowplay 折子戏 opera highlights 杂技 acrobatics

相声 witty dialogue comedy 刺绣 embroidery 苏绣 Suzhou embroidery 泥人 clay figure 书法 calligraphy

中国画 traditional Chinese painting 水墨画 Chinese brush painting 中国结 Chinese knot 中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China 火药 gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术 paper-making X

指南针 the compass 青铜器 bronze ware 瓷器 porcelain; china

唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰蓝cloisonne 秋千swing 武术 martial arts 儒家思想Confuciani** 儒家文化 Confucian culture 道教 Taoi** 墨家Mohi** 法家 Legali** 佛教 Buddhi** 孔子 Confucius 孟子 Mencius 老子 Lao Tzu 庄子 Chuang Tzu 墨子 Mo Tzu 孙子Sun Tzu 象形文字 pictographic characters

文房四宝(笔墨纸观)the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone) 《大学》The Great Learning 《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

《论语》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius 《孙子兵法》The Art of War 《三国演义》Three Kingdoms 《西游爷己》Journey to the West 《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions 《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes

《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror 《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史记》Historical Records 《诗经》The Book of Songs 《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes 《礼记》The Book of Rites 《三字经》Three-character Scriptures 八股文 eight-part essay

五言绝句 five-character quatrain 七言律诗 seven-character octave 旗袍 cheongsam

中山装 Chinese tunic suit 唐装 Tang suit

风水 Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历 Solar calendar 阴历 Lunar calendar 闰年 leap year 十二生肖zodiac

春节 the Spring Festival 元宵节 the Lantern Festival 清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节 the Double-ninth Day 七夕节 the Double-seventh Day 春联 spring couplets 庙会 temple fair 爆竹 firecracker 年画(traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱 New Year gift-money 舞龙dragon dance

元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯 festival lantern 灯谜 lantern riddle 舞狮 lion dance 踩高跷 stilt walking 赛龙舟 dragon boat race 胡同hutong 山东菜 Shandong cuisine 川菜 Sichuan cuisine

粤菜 Canton cuisine 扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine 月饼 moon cake 年糕 rice cake 油条 deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆 soybean milk 馒头 steamed buns

花卷 steamed twisted rolls 包子 steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck 拉面 hand-stretched noodles 馄饨 wonton (dumplings in soup) 豆腐 tofu? bean curd 麻花 fried dough twist 烧饼 clay oven rolls

皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg 蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg 糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks 火锅hot pot

长城 the Great Wall of China 烽火台 beacon tower 秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses 大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda

丝绸之路the Silk Road 敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes 华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs 五台山"Wutai Mountain 九华山 Jiuhua Mountain 蛾眉山Mount Emei 泰山 Mount Tai

黄山 Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain 故宫 the Imperial Palace 天坛 the Temple of Heaven 午门 Meridian Gate 大运河 Grand C**** 护城河the Moat 回音壁Echo Wall 居庸关 Juyongguan Pass 九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall

黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 十三陵 the Ming Tombs 苏州园林 Suzhou gardens 西湖 West Lake

九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley 日月潭 Sun Moon Lake 布达拉宫Potala Palace 鼓楼 drum tower 四合院 quadrangle; courtyard complex 孔庙 Confucius Temple 乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha

十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 喇嘛Lama

单向的英文

one-way,unidirectional:

adj ,单向的,允许朝或只能朝单方向运动的。

例句：a one-way street.单行道Providing for travel in one direction only,单程的,单程旅行的,例句：a one-way ticket , 单程票。

单向的造句:

1、他们透过单向镜子监视犯人。

They observed the prisoners through a one-way mirror.

2、我们在观察室透过单向玻璃注视着特德和他的治疗师。

From the observation booth, we watched Ted and his therapist through the one-way glass.

3、通过一面单向透明玻璃镜对他们进行暗中监视。

They were spied on via a two-way mirror.

4、过去10年的经验表明，忠诚对于欧盟怀疑论者而言是单向的，他们仅会索取不会给予。

The experience of the last 10 years has shown that, for the Eurosceptics, loyalty is a one-way street; something you demand but do not give.

5、爱是单向的，大多数时候都是如此。

Love is one sided, most of the time.

6、申请单向竞买的市场主体可向其他市场主体购买碳排放配额，竞买信息由交易机构发布。

Market entities applying for one-way bidding can purchase emission allowances from counterparts, with the bidding information released by the exchange.

7.安全单向的嵌入式USB通信设备分析与设计。

Analysis and design of safe and one-way embedded USB communication equipment.

8、基于超混沌Chen系统和密钥流构造单向散列函数的方法。

One-way hash function construction based on Chen-type hyper-chaotic system and key-stream.

9、基于单向约束TIN的层状地质体三维建模。

3D Modeling of Bedded Geologic Body based on Unilaterali** TIN.

10、一种支持单向链路的QoS路由协议。

A QoS Routing Protocol in MANETs with Unidirectional Links.

11、基于交叉耦合映象格子的单向Hash函数构造。

One-way Hash function construction based on crossing coupled map lattice.

12、它们中的大多数只提供同步和单向的服务调用b，而这只是服务交互风格的子集。

The majority of them provide only synchronous and one-way service invocation ,which are only a subset of the service interaction styles.

13、此类通讯是单向的，源（source）应用程序无法知道目标（destination）应用程序将如何处理消息。

This sort of communication is one-way, the source application has no way of knowing how the destination is going to handle the message.

14、如果在需要代码签名的exchange命令行管理程序环境中运行此脚本，则会为脚本文件生成一个新的单向哈希值。

When this script is run in an exchange management shell environment where code signing is required, a new one-way hash of the script file is produced.

15、基于单向哈希链的无线传感器网络安全LEACH路由协议。

Secure LEACH routing protocol based on Hash chain in wireless sensor networks.

16、基于单向陷门函数的TMN协议的改进。

An Improvement of the TMN Protocol Based on Trapdoor Oneway Functions.

17、与有线电视或者卫星电视这些传统的单向多点传送网络相比，IPTV有很大的不同。

IPTV works quite differently from traditional unidirectional multicast networks such as cable or satellite television.

什么是单边主义及其实质?

所谓单边主义(unilaterali**)是指举足轻重的特定大国，不考虑大多数国家和民众的愿望，单独或带头退出或挑战已制订或商议好了的维护国际性、地区性、集体性和平、发展、进步的规则和制度，并对全局或局部的和平、发展、进步有破坏性的影响和后果的行为与倾向。单边主义的本质是无视甚至破坏现有的集体性的规则和制度，单边主义的核心是逆潮流而动。

专家们从各自理解的角度对这个问题提出了自己的看法。

有人说单边主义是小布什上台之后，美国政府依仗它的经济实力和综合国力在国际事务中为了谋求美国的私利，我行我素的行为。

又有人说所谓单边主义即独自处理外交政策与事务的倾向。具体表现为美国在所有事务上都要以美国利益为重，而不能让美国受到其他国家、国际组织或者一些条约和联盟的制约。

也有人说单边主义就是从美国的实力地位与国家利益出发来决定美国的政策走向，而不是通过同国际社会保持密切的合作来实现美国的利益。具体来说，美国要根据自己的利益和判断，而不是根据国际社会的需求和意见来做有关全人类利益与安全的政策决定。在国际社会中我行我素，不理会其他国家的合理利益考虑及国际舆论的批评与谴责。

还有人把它归结为：单边主义是美国保守主义举行的一种对外政策，当前人们使用 “单边主义”这个词是特指美国作为世界上唯一一个超级大国在国际关系中所表现的一种行为方式。它在处理国际事务中：仅仅是从自己的判断和自身国家利益出发，从来都不同其他国家进行磋商，这是美国追求世界霸权的一种表现。

很明显这三个概念共同特点是将单边主义狭隘定义为美国的外交政策，显然不合适。难道除了美国之外其它国家就不存在单边主义？显然不是。正如北京大学国际关系学院副院长贾庆国教授指出“从某种意义上讲，所有国家在处理对外关系时都或多或少地采取单边主义的做法，美国也不例外。”

中国现代国际关系研究院美国所所长傅梦孜先生认为：“单边主义本来是国际体系中‘主导力量’的国家，特别是像美国这样的‘惟一超级大国’惯有的心理与行为偏好方式”

根据他们的观点，单边主义是国际体系中大国一贯的作法。

what is "the commonwealth"," the strategy of preemption ""Unilaterali**‘？需要用英文回答

学过的毫无压力啊

1、The Commonwealth of Nations, normally referred to as the Commonwealth and formerly

known as the British Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation

of 54 independent member states.

All members except Mozambique and Rwanda were part of the British

Empire, out of which the Commonwealth developed.

The member states cooperate within a framework of common values and goals, as

outlined in the Singapore Declaration. These include the

promotion of democracy, human rights, good governance, the rule of law,individual liberty, egalitariani**, free trade, multilaterali** and world peace.

The Commonwealth is an intergovernmental organisation in which countries with

diverse social, political and economic backgrounds are regarded as equal in

status, not a political union.

Activities of the Commonwealth are carried out through the permanent Commonwealth Secretariat, headed by the Secretary-General, and biennial meetings of Commonwealth Heads of Government.

The symbol of their free association is the Head of the Commonwealth, which is a

ceremonial position currently held by Queen Elizabeth II.

Elizabeth II is also monarch, separately and independently, of 16 Commonwealth

members, which are known as the "Commonwealth realms".

The Commonwealth is a forum for a number of non-governmental organisations,

collectively known as the Commonwealth Family, which are fostered through

the intergovernmental Commonwealth Foundation. The Commonwealth Games, the Commonwealth's most visible activity, are a product of one of these organisations. These

organisations strengthen the shared culture of the Commonwealth, which extends

through common sports, literary heritage, and political and legal practices. Due

to this, Commonwealth countries are not considered to be "foreign" to

one another. Reflecting this, diplomatic missions between Commonwealth

countries are designated as High Commissions rather than embassies.

2、President Bush put forward the strategy of preemption. By preemption, when it determined

that a country which is repressive and hostile to the US has acquired or

produced weapons of mass destruction or has the potential to have such weapons,

the US should use force to remove this threat to US security and should not

wait till the danger becomes imminent or until the US is attacked. This has

come to be known as the Bush doctrine.

3、Unilaterali** is any doctrine or agenda that supports one-sided action. Such action may be in disregard for other parties, or as an expression of a commitment toward a

direction which other parties may find agreeable. Unilaterali** is a neologi**,

(though already in common use) coined to be an antonym for multilaterali** — the doctrine which asserts the benefits of participation from as many parties as possible.

The two terms together can refer to differences in foreign policy approached to international problems. When agreement by multiple parties is absolutely required —for example in the context of international trade policies—bilateral agreements (involving two participants at a time) are usually preferred by proponents of unilaterali**.

Unilaterali** may be preferred in those instances when it's assumed to be the most efficient,

i.e., in issues that can be solved without cooperation. However, a government

may also have a principal preference for unilaterali** or multilaterali**, and,

for instance, strive to avoid policies that cannot be realized unilaterally or

alternatively to champion multilateral solutions to problems that could well

have been solved unilaterally.

Typically, governments may argue that their ultimate or middle-term goals are served by a

strengthening of multilateral schemes and institutions, as was many times the case during the period of the Concert of Europe.

In the UK, the term "unilaterali**" is often used in the specific sense of support for unilateral nuclear disarmament.