homogeneous和heterogenoeous在化学术语上的区别

这两个区别很大啊

homogeneous=同一的 例如homogeneous catalysis就是均相催化

heterogeneous则相反 词根hetero=不同的，例如heterocyclic就是杂环的意思

英文翻译~~请高手帮忙~~杜绝没有职业道德的人来P分

介绍在最后十年, 一个棒的努力已经被集中撤换无机酸在同种的有机酯化反力由于多相催化使用非常的酸催化剂 [1-6]. 对于在无机酸之前被执行的那些上的多相催化的优点可能被指出在:

(i)不像均相催化，它不含毒性，腐蚀, 分离混合物和再可用性的困难。

(ii) 腐蚀的环境将会是极小。

(iii) 催化剂能容易地被过滤滑落和生产品将会是高度地纯粹的侧反应的实在除外责任条款被期望的地方。

催化剂原理是什么？

催化的本质就是：在不同的催化剂上化学反应的速率不同。催化剂可以促进反应进行，也可以抑制反应进行。催化剂的三大性质：（1）催化活性（2）特定反应选择性（3）本身稳定性。【如果你想讨论任何一个催化剂，这三大性质都是跑不掉的。全部讨论清楚了才算一个比较系统的工作】。电子可以作为“反应物”，但这是电荷转移反应的内容了。具体理论可以看Marcus Theory。Oh, By the way，很多催化剂在经过几次“催化”之后就变得面目全非了（我们现在课题组正在研究这样的一种材料，希望搞清楚里面究竟发生了什么事情）。所以催化剂并不是“压根不变”的。而且如果反应中有一些毒化物种（例如CO等），那么它就会毒化催化剂的表面。在纳米粒子催化剂以及电催化剂当中，表面的重构屡见不鲜的。（不过在高中阶段，以课本为主）

催化剂研究方面比较好的导师？

Catalysis Research of Relevance to Carbon Management: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

Hironori Arakawa, Michele Aresta,....Tobin J. Marks

Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 953-996此篇作者基本汇集了世界上一半的著名催化科学家，必读！

Organic Reactions at Well-Defined Oxide Surfaces

Mark A. Barteau特拉华大学的催化牛人

Chem. Rev. 1996, 96, 1413-1430

ACID-BASE REACTIONS ON SOLID SURFACES: THE REACTIONS OF HCOOH, HO, AND HCOOCH3 WITH OXYGEN ON Ag (110)

M.A. BARTEAU, M. BOWKER and R.J. MADIX三位牛人的固体表面酸碱反应

Surface Science 94 (1980) 303-322

Chemical Structures and Performance of Perovskite Oxides

M. A. Pen and J. L. G. Fierro关于钙钛矿氧化物的牛人综述

Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 1981-2017

The Binary Rare Earth Oxides二元稀土氧化物

Gin-ya Adachi* and Nobuhito Imanaka

Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 1479-1514

Oxygen vacancies in transition metal and rare earth oxides: Current state of understanding and remaining challenges过渡金属和稀土氧化物的氧空穴，很著名的综述

M. Veronica Ganduglia-Pirovano, Alexander Hofmann, Joachim Sauer

Surface Science Reports 62 (2007) 219–270 **的一句名言“中东有石油，中国有稀土。”

Classical kinetics of catalytic reactions

Gérald Djéga-Mariadassou and Michel Boudart

Journal of Catalysis 216 (2003) 89–97经典的机理与催化反应，必读！

Role of the Crystal-Field Theory in Determining the Structures of Spinels

Jeremy K. Burdett 伯德特金属固体物理

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 92-95

Hideshi Hattori服部英教授的多相碱催化3篇综述，填补田部教授的固体酸催化

Heterogeneous Basic Catalysis多相碱催化唯一Chem Rev综述

Chem. Rev. 1995, 95. 537-550

CATALYSIS BY BASIC METAL OXIDES金属氧化物的碱性催化

Materials Chemistry and Physics, 18 (1988) 533-552

Solid base catalysts: generation of basic sites and application to organic synthesis

Applied Catalysis A: General 222 (2001) 247–259固体碱催化剂

Solid base catalysts for the synthesis of fine chemicals

Yoshio Ono

Journal of Catalysis 216 (2003) 406–415 前面讲过Robert J. Davis的一篇在J Catal上的分子筛碱催化综述

“Intelligent” reforming catalysts: Trace noble metal-doped Ni/Mg(Al)O derived from hydrotalcites

Katsuomi Takehira 必将风靡的智能重整催化剂

Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 18(2009) 237–259

SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION AND CATALYSIS

G. A. Somorjai

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chern. 1994.45: 721-51表面重建与催化

High technology catalysts towards 100% selectivity Fabrication, characterization and reaction studies

G.A. Somorjai*, R.M. Rioux

Catalysis Today 100 (2005) 201–215高选择性的研究

POTENTIAL ENERGY SURFACES FOR CHEMICAL REACTIONS AT SOLID SURFACES

Barbara J. Garrison and Deepak Srivastava在固体表面化学反应的势能面

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chern. 1995.46: 373-94

Elementary Processes at Gas/Metal Interfaces

By Gerhard Ertl

Angew Chem IE (1976)金属界面

Monitoring in situ catalytically active states of Ru catalysts for different methanol oxidation pathways

R. Blume…R. Schlogl…and M. Kiskinova*弗里茨哈珀所的钌基催化

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2007, 9, 3648–3657

Mechani** of HCl oxidation (Deacon process) over RuO2

Núria López...Javier Pérez-Ramírez 牛人JPR教授在制氯的综述

Journal of Catalysis 255 (2008) 29–39

Substitutional alloy of Ce and Al

Qiao-Shi Zeng…铈铝结晶石，浙大去年很有影响力的一篇

PNAS February 24, 2009 vol. 106 no. 8 2515–2518

Deactivation of metal catalysts in liquid phase organic reactions

Michèle Besson, Pierre Gallezot 液相有机反应中金属催化剂的失活

Catalysis Today 81 (2003) 547

Process options for converting renewable feedstocks to bioproducts

Pierre Gallezot 可再生的原料

Green Chem., 2007, 9, 295–302

Catalytic Conversion of Biomass: Challenges and Issues

Pierre Gallezot 生物质催化转化

ChemSusChem 2008, 1, 734 – 737

New possibilities and opportunities for basic and applied research on selective oxidation by solid catalysts: an overview

G. Centia,*, M. Misonob 固体催化剂的选择性氧化综述

Catalysis Today 41 (1998) 287

The Desorption of Alcohols from Metal Oxides.

D. J. WHEELER…醇在金属氧化物表面的脱附

J Catal, 1960

Research Perspectives during 40 Years of the Journal of Catalysis

Frank S. Stone 催化学报40年历史的总结

Journal of Catalysis 216 (2003) 2–11

Environmental catalysis

François Garin 环境催化综述

Catalysis Today 89 (2004) 255–268

Catalytic conversion of methane to more useful chemicals and fuels: a challenge for the 21st century

Jack H. Lunsford 甲烷的催化转化展望

Catalysis Today 63 (2000) 165–174

Natural gas chemical transformations: The path to refining in the future

Eduardo Falabell, Sousa-Aguiar…天然气的未来

Catalysis Today 101 (2005) 3–7

Characterization of zeolite basicity using probe molecules by means of infrared and solid state NMR spectroscopies固体核磁表征分子筛的碱性

Manuel Sanchez-Sanchez, Teresa Blasco *

Catalysis Today 143 (2009) 293–301

Transition metal phosphide hydroprocessing catalysts: A review

S. Ted Oyama…加氢催化综述

Catalysis Today 143 (2009) 94–107

Concepts in Theoretical Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactivity

Rutger A. Van Santen; Matthew Neurock大牛的多相催化转化的理论概念

Catalysis Reviews, 37: 4, 557

Hydrotalcite-like anionic clays in catalytic organic reactions

Bert F. Sels; Dirk E. De Vos; Pierre A. Jacobs

Catalysis Reviews, 43: 4, 443 水滑石类阴离子粘土的有机催化

Methane Oxyforming for Synthesis Gas Production

Andrew P. E. York; Tian-cun Xiao; Malcolm L. H. Green…

Catalysis Reviews, 49:4, 511 – 560 牛津甲烷的利用

Precious Metal Catalysts Supported on Ceramic and Metal Monolithic Structures for the Hydrogen Economy

Robert J. Farrauto…氢能领域的负载型贵金属催化剂

Catalysis Reviews, 49:2, 141 - 196

Catalytic Production of Liquid Fuels from Biomass-Derived Oxygenated Hydrocarbons: Catalytic Coupling at Multiple Length Scales 生物质能

Dante A. Simonetti; James A. Dumesic

Catalysis Reviews, 51: 3, 441

Gas Conversion to Liquid Fuels and Chemicals: The Methanol Route-Catalysis and Processes Development

Touhami Mokrani; Mike Scurrell 甲醇经济，气转液

Catalysis Reviews, 51: 1, 1

Recent Advances in the Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Metal Nanostructures with Controlled Shape and Size for Catalysis 液相中形貌尺寸可控合成纳米金属

Natalia Semagina; Lioubov Kiwi-Minsker

Catalysis Reviews, 51: 2, 147

Selective Catalysis of Lactic Acid to Produce Commodity Chemicals

Yongxian Fan; Chunhui Zhou; Xiaohong Zhu 浙工大去年很著名的乳酸催化转化综述

Catalysis Reviews, 51: 3, 293

Water Gas Shift Catalysis

Chandra Ratnasamy; Jon P. Wagner 水汽转换反应

Catalysis Reviews, 51: 3, 325

Aromatic Hydrogenation Catalysis: A Review

Antonymuthu Stanislaus; Barry H. Cooper 芳烃的加氢催化

Catalysis Reviews, 36: 1, 75

Enhanced ethanol production inside carbon-nanotube reactors containing catalytic particles

XIULIAN PAN…AND XINHE BAO* 包院士的碳纳米管催化综述

nature materials

石墨烯的化学研究进展

傅强, 包信和 科学通报2009 年第 54 卷第 18 期: 2657 ~ 2666

Chem Rev上关于多相催化著名的一期专刊

Special Issue of ‘‘Introduction: Heterogeneous Catalysis’’

Volume 95, Number 3 May 1995

Methods for Preparation of Catalytic Materials 催化材料的制备，必读！

James A. Schwarz, Cristian Contescu and Adriana Contescu

Oscillatory Kinetics in Heterogeneous Catalysis

Ronald lmbihl and Gerhard Ertl*

Turnover Rates in Heterogeneous Catalysis 最近被狂顶的TOF综述，殊不知该期篇篇经典

M. Boudart

Supported Metal Clusters: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalysis 牛人的催化材料综述

B. C. Gates

Spillover in Heterogeneous Catalysis 多相催化的溢流

W. Curtis Conner, Jr., J and John L. Falconer

Modeling the Kinetics of Heterogeneous Catalysis 模拟和机理

H. Chuan Kang*, W. H. Weinberg*

推荐几期其他杂志多相催化相关的专刊：

Special Issue of ‘‘IB metals’’ Copper, Silver and Gold in Catalysis

Catalysis Today 36 (1997)

Special Issue of ‘‘Recent advances in catalytic production of hydrogen from renewable sources’’

Catalysis Today 129 (2007) 263–264

Special Issue of ‘‘Chemistry and physics of metal oxide nanostructures’’

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2009, 11, 3607

Special Issue of ‘‘Catalytic Synthesis and Utilization of Alcohols’’

Catalysis Today 147 (2009) 61

德国马普-哈伯研究所的Hans-Joachim Freund教授，有实力N/S但据说号称绝不发表N/S的牛人

Surface chemistry of carbon dioxide 最早拜读Freund教授的文章

Surface Science Reports 25 (1996) 225-273

Molecular beam experiments on model catalysts

Surface Science Reports 57 (2005) 157–298

Photochemistry on Metal Nanoparticles

Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 4301-4320

Gold Supported on Thin Oxide Films: From Single Atoms to Nanoparticles

Vol. 41, No. 8 August 2008 949-956 ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH

Oxide ultra-thin films on metals: new materials for the design of supported metal catalysts

Chem. Soc. Rev., 2008, 37, 2224–2242

美国德州AM大学化学系的D. Wayne Goodman教授，表面化学及催化牛人

Model Catalytic Studies over Metal Single Crystals

Acc. Chem. Res. 1984, 17, 194-200

Catalysis: New Perspectives from Surface Science 科学的展望

SCIENCE, VOL. 236

Model Studies in Catalysis Using Surface Science Probes 又是那一期著名的文章之一

Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 523-536

Metal Oxide Surfaces and Their Interactions with Aqueous Solutions and Microbial Organi**s

Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 77-174

High-pressure catalytic reactions over single-crystal metal surfaces 表面催化必读经典

Surface Science Reports 14 (1991) 1-107

Chemical and Electronic Properties of Bimetallic Surfaces 双金属表面

Acc. Chem. Res., Vol. 28, No. 12, 1995

Catalytically Active Gold: From Nanoparticles to Ultrathin Films

Acc. Chem. Res. 2006, 39, 739-746 Precious little catalyst 前面介绍过的NATURE, 2008

UCR的Francisco Zaera教授

Infrared and molecular beam studies of chemical reactions on solid surfaces

International Reviews in Physical Chemistry, 21: 3, 433

Regio-, Stereo-, and Enantioselectivity in Hydrocarbon Conversion on Metal Surfaces

Acc. Chem. Res. 1152-1160 August 2009 Vol. 42, No. 8 碳水化合物

Kinetics of Chemical Reactions on Solid Surfaces: Deviations from Conventional Theory

Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35, 129-136 固体表面的催化

Organic chemistry on solid surfaces马博士的文章

Surface Science Reports 61 (2006) 229–281

瑞士苏黎世联邦理工的Alfons Baiker教授

Aerogels in Catalysis

Catalysis Reviews, 37: 4, 515 — 556

Supercritical Fluids in Heterogeneous Catalysis

Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 453-473

Utilization of carbon dioxide in heterogeneous catalytic synthesis²

Appl. Organometal. Chem. 14, 751–762 (2000)

Heterogeneous Enantioselective Hydrogenation over Cinchona Alkaloid Modified Platinum: Mechanistic Insights into a Complex Reaction

Acc. Chem. Res. 2004, 37, 909-917

Oxidation of Alcohols with Molecular Oxygen on Solid Catalysts

Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 3037-3058

Catalytic Oxidations in Dense Carbon Dioxide

Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 2409–2454 拜科教授的综述值得一读

NOx Storage-Reduction Catalysis: From Mechani** and Materials Properties to Storage-Reduction Performance

Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 4054–4091

请问一下吸附和解吸还有吸收的化学意义

简单地说：吸附就是物质被一种吸附剂进行吸附。比如活性炭是近年来发展很快的吸附剂。它的吸附率很高，而且具有选择吸附的能力，比如用来吸附金最高达98%，而对铜的吸附就很低。解吸就是把吸附剂吸附的物质通过另一种物质分离出来，比如活性炭吸附的金就可以用有机溶液解吸出来。

吸收的化学意义太多了 不知道问那方面的

原子吸收 红外吸收 等等

反正就是 光在照射过程中，光强一定的，但是在光运动过程中发生了衰减，肯定被某种物质吸收走了一部分光能量。这就是我所知道的！