英语修辞中metonym 和synecdoche的区别

Metonymy 转喻

A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of “ Washington” for “the United States government” or of “the sword” for “military power”.

The kettle is boiling. (water in the kettle)

He took to the bottle.他爱上了喝酒。 (wine in the bottle)

I’m reading Lu Xun. ( Lu Xun’s works)

He’s listening to Beethoven. (Beethoven’s works)

He is booked out for the whole season.他这个季演出的票全订出去了 。 (the tickets for his concerts)

When she entered high school, she would wear a wardrobe that no one else would be able to match.当她上中学时，她所穿的衣服任何一个人都没法比。

They will resort to the sword if the negotiation does no work.

She is the first violin in the band.她是乐队中的第一小提琴手。

Synecdoche 提喻

A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole, the whole for a part, the specific for the general, the general for the specific, or the material for the thing from which it is made.

Young people should have more respect for gray hairs.

He saw some new faces in the classroom.

A fleet of ten sails \ To earn one’s bread \ To count heads

Many hands provide great strength.

The poor man had twelve mouths to feed.

Lend me your ears. ( give me your attention.)

Both are figures of speech used in rhetoric. They’re not the same thing, though metonymy is often interpreted so widely that synecdoche can be regarded as a special case of it.

As for Synecdoche, You use this when you speak of a part of something but mean the whole thing. When Patrick O’Brian has Captain Jack Aubrey tell his first lieutenant（陆军中尉） to “let the hands go to dinner” he’s employing synecdoche, because he’s using a part (the hand) for the whole man. You can also reverse the whole and the part, so using a word for something when you only mean part of it. This often comes up in sport: a commentator might say that “The West Indies has lost to England” when he means that the West Indian team has lost to the English one. America is often used as synecdoche in this second sense, as the word refers to the whole continent but is frequently applied to a part of it, the USA.

Metonymy is similar, but uses something more generally or loosely associated with a concept to stand in for it. When Americans speak of the Oval Office（美国总统办公室）, for example, they are really referring to the activity within it, the position or function of the President. It’s a linked term, and so a metonym. British writers refer similarly to the Crown（王冠）, when they’re really discussing the powers, authority and responsibilities of the monarchy（君主政体）, which is symbolized by the crown. The difference between synecdoche and metonymy is that in metonymy the word you employ is linked to the concept you are really talking about, but isn’t actually a part of it. Another example is the turf（草皮） for horse racing. But the distinction isn’t always obvious and often can’t be rigorously applied, and many people use metonymy to mean both.

英语中借喻、借代、提喻的区别

借喻（Metonymy)即为借代，所以借喻、借代、提喻的区别即借代、提喻的区别：

一、内涵不同

metonymy(借喻)：借联想把一种事物的名称用来代替另一事物的名称，或由一种概念来代替另一种概念。

Synecdoche(提喻) ：以“部分代替全体” , “全体代替部分” ,“类概念代替种概念” 或“种概念代替类概念” 。

借喻强调两个事物密切相关，而提喻不但强调两事物相关，而且侧重整体和部分，类概念和种概念的互代。

eg1.He numbered the sails in the harbour. --风帆是船的一部分,代替整个船只。（借喻）

eg2.I don' t have to worry about the fuel and rice. --柴米来代替日用品的全体。（提喻）

二、表现形式及使用效果不同

1、借喻中本体和喻体联系紧密，但表面并不相似，有如下种类：

（1）以事物的明显标志代替事物本身

eg.To be afeard to tell greybeards the truth?

Greybeards 是老年人的特征，以此特征代替老年人。

（2）以工具代替动作或行为者

eg. The pen is mightier than the sw ord.

the pen 指 writing 或使用 pen 的人；the sword 指 military power 或使用 sword 的人。

（3）以人体的器官代替其功能

eg. Give every man thine ear and few thy voice.

上句中的 ear 代替 sense or power of hearing(听觉，听能)。

（4）以表示抽象的精神或性质的名词代替体现该 精神或性质的具体动作或事物

eg.And all the pavement streamed w ith massacre. --地面流遍了屠杀的鲜血。

上句中，用 massacre(屠杀)代替屠杀的结果(鲜血)。

（5）以有密切关系的一物代替另一物

eg.The whole school rushed noisily into the playground.

句中的 whole school 指代 all the students of the school。

2、提喻的表示形式主要有4种：

（1）以部分代替全体

eg.He discovered a bread-and-butter field in the agricultural w eeklies and trade journals.

bread and butter 原意为“涂黄油的面包” , 代替 “生计、生活资料、生活来源、赖以生存的东西。

（2）以全体代替部分。

eg. All the world-her world and his world-would think it better that they should part.

上句中的(all) the world 表示(所有)相识的人。

（3）类概念代替种概念

eg. I had begun to exploit my fellow -creatures. --我开始剥削我的伙计。

上句中的类概念creature(生物)代替种概念 man (人) 。

（4）种概念代替类概念

eg. Alas, that Spring should vanish with the Rose! --呀，可春天要同玫瑰一起消灭。

上句中，rose代替flow ersin general。

扩展资料

借代、提喻与相关修辞的差异

英语中的 metonymy 包括汉语中的借代和借喻。 synecdoche 也含有汉语中的借代，所以汉语中的借代 修辞格既存在于英语的 metonymy 中，也包含在 synecdoche之中。

英语中的 metonymy 和 synecdoche 不同于英语中的 simile(明喻)和 metaphor(隐喻)。前两种辞格强调两事物的相关，后两种辞格强调两事物在某一点上相似。

eg. ①You can' t force an ox to bend its head to drink.

多用来作隐喻，意思是强逼人家不愿作的事。

eg.②……, and there seems to be no time in her life w hen she can fold her hands and gaze about her from the privileged harbour of her old age.

《The lsle of Achill 》句中的 harbour 是“避风港”的意思，这里把一 个妇女的老年比喻成 harbour，指一个老年妇女应该享受优惠。

参考资料来源：CNKI学问--英语中借代与提喻比较研究

Synecdoche的英文定义

synecdoche

[si'nekdəki]

n.

提喻法（一种修辞方法，以局部代表全部和以全部指部分）

substituting

a

more

inclusive

term

for

a

less

inclusive

one

or

vice

versa

metonymy

[mi'tɔnimi,

mə-]

n.

[语言学]转喻.

substituting

the

name

of

an

attribute

or

feature

for

the

name

of

the

thing

itself

(as

in

`they

counted

heads')

什么是提喻法

提喻(Synecdoche)，并不是中文词汇。 但相当于就是借代，指代。

提喻是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。提喻又称举偶法。提喻与换喻（借代）不同，换喻主要借助于密切的关系与联想，而提喻则是借助于部分相似。

提喻（借代，指代）大致归纳为四种情况：a.部分和全体互代；b.以材料代替事物；c.抽象和具体互代；d.以个体代替整个类。

例如：

1.Outside,(there is) a sea of faces.外面街上，是人的海洋。（以人体的局部代全体，即以faces 表示people）

2.Have you any coppers?你有钱吗？（以材料代事物，即以copper铜喻指coin money铜币）

3.They share the same roof.他们住在一起。（以部分代全体，即用roof屋顶，表示house屋子、住宅）

4.He is the Newton of this century.他是本世纪的牛顿。（以个体代整个类，用Newton表示scientist科学家）

5. Ye see/ The steel ye tempered glance on ye.看，你们铸的剑在把你们看管！（以材料代事物，用steel钢，喻指sword剑)

6. It was reported that China won the volleyball match.椐报载：在这次排球赛中，中国队赢了。（以国家名称China代该国球队the Chinese Volleyball Team）

7.Life was a wearing to him.生活令他感到厌倦。（以抽象代具体，即用wearing喻指a wearing thing令人厌倦的事情)

metonymy 和synecdoche的区别

1、含义不用

Metonymy在中文中译作“换喻”。

例句：In chapter one, we review the previous studies and understandings about metonymy.

本文第一章回顾了以往对转喻的研究。

Synecdoche在中文中译作“提喻”。

例句：A part of the fireplace taken as a symbol ( synecdoche) for home.

壁炉的一部分（被看成是家的代名词，这里用的提喻手法）。

2、读音不同

metonymy 英 [məˈtɒnəmi]   美 [məˈtɑ:nəmi]

n.转喻；代语失当；选语失当

synecdoche 英 [sɪˈnekdəki]   美 [sɪˈnɛkdəki]

n.提喻法

3、用法不同

Metonymy 借与某事物密切相关的东西来表示该事物，因此亦称之为“借代”。

例句：n chapter five, the relation between metonymy and syntax is discussed.

第五章讨论了转喻同句法的关系。

Synecdoche 以某事物的局部表示整体，或反过来以整体表示局部。

例句：Synecdoche and Stephen Owen's Research on Classical Chinese Literature.

举隅法与宇文所安的中国古典文学研究。

扩展资料：

1、referential metonymy

转喻指称

salience and the restrictions of nouns in referential metonymy.

显著度与名词转喻指称的限制。

2、conceptual metonymy

概念转喻

转喻与隐喻都是概念性的，与概念隐喻一样，概念转喻 ( Conceptual Metonymy)也具有生成性、系统性和概括性等特点。

3、grammatical metonymy

语法转喻

the impact of grammatical metonymy on linguistic structure.

论语法转喻对语言结构的影响。

synecdoche

换喻主要借助于密切的关系与联想，而提喻则是借助于部分相似。提喻通常是用局部来代替整体，间或也有整体来代替局部，局部与整体之间总有相似之处。

如：White House （美国总统）

From the cradle to grave（从生到死）

是换喻

而It was a close contest. In the end, China won. （整体代替局部，用China代表中国队）

Many hands make light work. (局部代替整体，用 hand表示干活的人)

是提喻