raxml构建进化树为什么要partition

1下载和安装

RAxML 可以在 Linux, MacOS, DOS 下运行，下载网址为自己百度

也可以使用phylobench.vital-it.ch/raxml-bb/ 在线运行。 对于 Linux 和 Mac 用户下载 RAxML-7.0.4.tar.gz 用 gcc 编译即可, make –f Makefile.gcc。Windows 用户可以下载编译好的 exe 文件，而无需安装。

2 数据的输入

RAxML 的数据位 PHYLIP 格式，但是其名字可以增加至 256 个字符。“RAxML 对

PHYLIP 文件中的 tabs，inset 不敏感”。输入的树的格式为 Newick

RAxML 的查错功能

序列的名称有重复，即不同的碱基却拥有一致的名称。

序列的内容重复，即两条不同名称的序列，碱基完全一致。

某个位点完全由序列完全由未知符号组成，如氨基酸序列完全由 X,?,*,-组成，DNA 序列完全由 N,O,X,?,-组成。

序列完全由未知符号组成，如氨基酸序列完全由 X,?,*,-组成，DNA 序列完全由 N,O,X,?,-组成。

序列名称中禁用的字符 如包括空格、制表符、换行符、:,(),[]等

3 RAxMLHPC 下的选项参数以及用法

-s sequenceFileName 要处理的 phy 文件

-n outputFileName 输出的文件

-m substitutionModel 模型设定 方括号中的为可选项：

[-a weightFileName] 设定每个位点的权重，必须在同一文件夹中给出相应位点的权重

[-b bootstrapRandomNumberSeed] 设定 bootstrap 起始随机数

[-c numberOfCategories] 设定位点变化率的等级

[-d] -d 完全随机的搜索进化树，而不是从 maximum parsimony tree 开始。在 100 至 200 个分类单元间，该选可能会生成拓扑结构完全不同的局部最大似然树。

[-e likelihoodEpsilon]默认值为 0.1

[-E excludeFileName] 排除的位点文件名

[-f a|b|c|d|e|g|h|i|j|m|n|o|p|s|t|w|x] 算法

-f a rapid Bootstrap

-f b draw the bipartitions using a bunch of topologies

-f c checks if RAxML can read the alignment.

-f d rapid hill-climbing algorithm

-f e optimize the model parameters

-f g compute the per–site log Likelihoods for one ore more trees passed via -z.

-f h compute a log likelihood test (SH-test [21]) between a best tree passed via -t and a bunch of other trees passed via -z.

-f i performs a really thorough standard bootstrap

[-g groupingFileName] 预先分组的名称

[-h] program options

[-i initialRearrangementSetting] speccify an innitial rearrangement setting for the ininital phase of the search algorithm.

[-j]

[-k] optimize branchlength and model parameters on bootstrapped trees

[-l sequenceSimilarityThreshold] Specify a threshold for sequence similarity clustering. [-L sequenceSimilarityThreshold]

[-M] 模型设定

-m GTRCAT: GTR approximation

-m GTRMIX: Search a good topology under GTRCAT

-m GTRGAMMA: General Time Reversible model of nucleotide subistution with the gamma model of rate heterogeneity.

-m GTRCAT_GAMMA: Inference of the tree with site-specific evolutionary rates. 4 discrete GAMMA rates,

-m GTRGAMMAI: Same as GTRGAMMA, but with estimate of proportion of invariable sites

-m GTRMIXI: Same as GTRMIX, but with estimate of proportion of invariable sites.

-m GTRCAT GAMMAI: Same as GTRCAT_GAMMA, but with estimate of proportion of invariable sites.

-n outputFileName 输出文件名

-o outgroupName(s) 设定外类群 如果有两个以上外类群，两者之间不能用空格，而应该用英文的"," DNA, gen1=1-500 DNA, gen2=501-1000

[-p parsimonyRandomSeed] [-P proteinModel]

[-q multipleModelFileName]

-q multiple modelfile name

如将以下信息拷贝到另存为文件 genenames

DNA, rbcLa = 1-526

DNA, matK = 527-1472

调用方法 -q genenames

-m GTRGAMMA

[-r binaryConstraintTree]

-s sequenceFileName 待分析的 phy 文件

[-t userStartingTree] 用户指定的进化树拓扑结构

[-T numberOfThreads]

[-u multiBootstrapSearches] Specify the number of multiple BS searches per replicate to obtain betterML trees for each replicate. [-v] 版本信息

[-w workingDirectory] 将文件写入的工作目录

[-x rapidBootstrapRandomNumberSeed] invoke rapidBootstrap

[-y] -y 只输出简约树拓扑结构，之后推出，该树也可以用于 GARLI 等软件

[-z multipleTreesFile]

[-#|-N numberOfRuns]

生成的文件

RAxML log.exampleRun: 运行时间、似然值/ number of checkpoint file

RAxML result.exampleRun: 树文件

RAxML info.exampleRun: -m GTRGAMMA or -m GTRMIX contains information about the model and algorithm used

RAxML parsimonyTree.exampleRun: -t.

RAxML randomTree.exampleRun: -d.

RAxML checkpoint.exampleRun.checkpointNumber: -j

RAxML bootstrap.exampleRun: -# and -b or -x

RAxML bipartitions.exampleRun: -f b

RAxML reducedList.exampleRun: -l or -L

RAxML bipartitionFrequencies.exampleRun: -t , -z , -f m

RAxML perSiteLLs.exampleRun: -f g

RAxML bestTree.exampleRun: -x 12345 -f a

RAxML distances.exampleRun: -f x

生物是如何分类的？

按目前的分类阶元,生物划分为:界、门、纲、目、科、属、种。 先说界。生物学家将200多万种生物分在5个界中：原生生物界、原核生物界、真菌界、植物界和动物界。处于同一个界中的生物亲缘关系就近，共同点就多。如灵芝和蘑菇、青霉菌都属于真菌界；人和猩猩、狼、蜘蛛等都属于动物界。 可是，每一个界中，生物种数很多，仍然不方便我们认识生物。如植物界中有植物约50万。于是，生物学家再把每一个界分成不同的“门”。如，植物界有苔藓植物门、蕨类植物门、种子植物门等；动物界再分成腔肠动物门、节肢动物门、脊索动物门等等。其他的界依次类推。毫无疑问，属于同一个门中的生物亲缘关系要比处在同界但不同门的要近。 至于纲，则是在每个门里再分成几个纲。如，脊索动物门里，有哺乳纲、鸟纲、爬行纲、两栖纲和鱼纲等。现在你可以看到，处在同纲的生物，亲缘又进了，共同点又多了。如人跟猩猩同属哺乳纲，蛇属于爬行纲，这三者的亲缘关系你一看就知。 每个纲中再分目。哺乳纲可分成灵长目、食肉目等。每个“目”中分“科”，每个“科”再分成几个“属”，每个“属”最后分成几个“种”。每一个“种”中生物只有一种，如人种，只有人一种，不存在其他生物。当然，种下面还可以分亚种（植物的，叫品种），如人种中的棕、黑、白、黄四种肤色的人，就是相当于4个亚种。但，只要是同一个“种”的生物，相互间就可交配产生有繁殖力的后代。比如，斑点狗和西施狗虽属同种不同亚种，所以他们可以产生有繁殖力的后代。而马和驴，属不同种，虽然人类强迫他们交配了，但产生的骡子是没有生育能力的。 类系统是阶元系统，通常包括七个主要级别：种、属、科、目、纲、门、界。种(物种)是基本单元，近缘的种归合为属，近缘的属归合为科，科隶于目，目隶于纲，纲隶于门，门隶于界。 随着研究的进展，分类层次不断增加，单元上下可以附加次生单元，如总纲(超纲)、亚纲、次纲、总目(超目)、亚目、次日、总科(超科)、亚科等等。此外，还可增设新的单元，如股、群、族、组等等，其中最常设的是族，介于亚科和属之间。 列入阶元系统中的各级单元都有一个科学名称。分类工作的基本程序就是把研究对象归入一定的系统和级别，成为物类单元。所以分类和命名是分不开的

再给你个网站

也可以看八下生物书第22章

请英文高手帮我翻译一下我的论文摘要 小弟跪谢 ........

The horse streptococci(the Streptococcus equi) belong to the 兰 surname germ for cent of the Cs streptococci, include the horse streptococci MA3 YA3 ZHONG3 (Streptococcus. equi subsp. Equi),the horse streptococci monster epidemic disease second kind(S. equi subsp. Zooepidemicus)with horse streptococci MA3 YA3 ZHONG3 (S. equi subsp. equisi milis).That germ can pass external injury,surgical operation,or cure etc. the path infect various animals, causing diseases, such as septicemia Sepsis,meningitis Encephalitis and mastitis(Mastitis)...etc..Its particular gene expression outcome is pathogenic(Pathogenicity) to germ to have special meaning.

Study gene, be in order to understand its function and expression and adjust to control a way.The information of make use of the living creature's learn(Bioinformatics) can adjust to control to carry on the estimate and ****ysis to the function and expression of the gene, the province goes to a trivial experiment to investigate, providing the instruction direction for the experiment verification.The function and sequence of the gene are closely-related, when the likeness that is a sequence exceeds certain scope, they carry out same function probably, pass will don't know the function sequence with have already known the contrast of the function sequence, if their likeness is higher and then can predict a sequence to correspond function.

The purpose of this topic research is to be learn with the living creature information Be the theories foundation usage tool software with according to WEB on-line service to some a do not know the horse streptococci gene carry on a series of ****ysis, the result integrate, predicting the function of this gene expression outcome thus.

The horse streptococci P50 gene sequence length is a 100 BPs, the whole gene has a to open all of the reading frame(ORF)s to grow a 90 BPs, coding 100 amino acids 残基s.

The horse streptococci P50 the gene sequence entered the BLAST service net industry that the NCBI provide first, handle stuffs with the form and list of the net industry up, the choice correspond of the parameter hand over to the data server to go forward to act like the source index(the homology Search).Many living creature information centers all have the BLAST server of the specialized movement.Here applied http:www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov?b last?(Circulate BLASTR2.0, the United States, the maintenance GenBank)

Then the result detection of the basis BLAST index(Search) and the protein of the horse streptococci P50 gene sequence expression together the source is the tallest of 3 kinds of protein one by one in order is 123

The secondly applied DNASTAR software translates the horse streptococci P50 gene sequence into the amino acids sequence, the result manifestation P50 gene sequence translates 20 amino acidses totally.

Will and the horse streptococci P50 amino acids sequence together source the high sequence inputs to the tool software respectively, carrying on evolving a tree(the Phylogenetic Tree) to draw.

Hand over the horse streptococci P50 amino acidses(the Amino Acids) sequence(Sequence) to the professional website in, can immediately predict the second class structure of that amino acids sequence.Then make use of a software ****ysis P50 gene protein physics and chemistry property.

The Darwinian Theory of Evolution(the Evolutionary theory) gave comparison the gene set to learn to provide the theories basis.The relative relation(kinship) is more near, its gene sequence is a source(homology) together more high.Two sequences together the source is more high, may express the function of the outcome(the Expression Product) very much so more alike.Through the sorting to the result.Analytical, according to discover the horse streptococci P50 genes express of may be the fat egg white(the Substrate binding Lipoprotein) that a kind of bottom thing combine, participate the metals transport system(the Transport System) to constitute directly, the kind's transport system has in the germ from process acquire nourishment inside the host(HOST) body to close an important function.This kind of egg white is the fat egg white(the Substrate binding Lipoprotein) that a conveyance,such as the bottom thing of the metals ions, such as iron,manganese and zinc...etc., combine, we can call it as the streptococci metals to combine the fat egg white.(the Metal binding lipoproteins, MBLS)This kind of egg white is a kind of poisonous dint factor(the virulent factor) of the horse streptococci(the Streptococcus equi) is a germ with the result that the foundation of the disease to the horse streptococci physiology bio-chemical characteristic and pathogenic have very important influence and the meaning.

回答者：6392541196 - 同进士出身 六级 3-9 20:52

The horse streptococci(Streptococcus equi) belongs to an orchid surname the Cs of the germ a streptococci for cent and include the horse streptococci Ma3 Ya3 's kind(Streptococcus. equi subsp. Equi), the horse streptococci monster epidemic disease second kind(S. equi subsp. Zooepidemicus)with the horse Lian4 Qiu2 Jun4 Lei4 Ma3 Ya3 's kind(S. equi subsp. equisi milis).That germ can pass external injury, surgical operation, or cure etc. the path infect various animals and cause diseases, such as septicemia Sepsis, meningitis Encephalitis and mastitis(Mastitis)...etc..It particular gene expression the outcome be pathogenic(Pathogenicity) to germ to have special meaning.

Study gene, be in order to understand its function and expression and adjust to control a way.The information of make use of the living creature learn(Bioinformatics) and can adjust to control to carry on an estimate and ****yze to function and expression of gene, saved to go to a trivial experiment to investigate, for test a verification to provide an instruction direction.Function and sequence of gene are closely-related, the likeness which is a sequence exceed certain scope, they probably carry out same function and pass will don't know a function sequence and have already known the contrast of function sequence, if their likeness is higher and then can predict a correspond of sequence function.

The purpose of this topic research be is learn with living creature information Be the usage tool of the theories foundation software with according to WEB of on-line service to some a have never known a horse streptococci the gene carries on a series of ****ysis and the result integrate and thus predict that this gene expresses the function of outcome.

The gene sequence of the horse streptococci P50 length is a 100 BPs and the whole gene has 1 to open all of the reading frame(ORF)s to grow a 90 BPs and code 100 amino acids remnants Ji.

The gene sequence of the horse streptococci P50 got into the BLAST service net industry that the NCBI provide first, once handle stuffs with the form and list on the net industry up, the choice correspond of the parameter hand over a data server to go forward to act like a source an index(homology Search).The many living creature information center all has the BLAST server of specialized movement.Here applied http:www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov?b last?(Circulate BLASTR2.0, the United States, support GenBank)

Then the protein of the search result detection of the basis BLAST and the gene sequence of the horse streptococci P50 expression together the source be the tallest of 3 kinds of proteins one by one in order is 123

The secondly applied DNASTAR software translates the gene sequence of the horse streptococci P50 into an amino acids sequence and the gene sequence of the result manifestation P50 totally translates 20 amino acidses.

Will with the amino acids sequence of the horse streptococci P50 together source the sequence of the Gao inputs tool software respectively and carry on evolving a draw of tree(Phylogenetic Tree).

Hand over the amino acidses(Amino Acids) sequence(Sequence) of the horse streptococci P50 to the professional website in, then predict the second class structure of that amino acids sequence.Then make use of the physics and chemistry property of the gene protein of the software ****ysis P50.

The Darwinian Theory of Evolution(Evolutionary theory) give comparison gene the set learn to provide a theories basis.The relative relation(kinship) is more near, its gene sequence together source(homology) more high.Two sequences together the source be more high, so and very may express the function of outcome(Expression Product) more alike.The process i

英语作文 急

英语自我介绍常用十句话

1. I have been for over five years in teh employ of an exporting company.

本人曾经前后五年被受雇于出口贸易公司。

2. I have been in the business for the last ten years, and worked as the superintendent in the personnel department.

本人在过去十年在商界担任人事部主任迄今。

3. I have had five years' experience with a company as a sale**an.

本人曾在某一公司担任推销员，前后有五年之久。

4. For the past three years, I have been in the office of the Brothers Trading Co., where I have been ad still am an accountant.

本人曾经在兄弟贸易公司服务三年，担任会计工作，现仍在职中。

5. I am twenty years of age, and have been employed for the last two years by the Green Trees Co., in teh general clerical work of the office.

我今年20岁，曾于绿林公司服务两年，担任一般文员工作。

6. I am 25 years of age, and have had two years' experience in my present post, which I am leaving to better myself.

我今年25岁，已在目前的职位工作两年，兹为寻找更上一层楼，准备离开此职位。

7. I am nineteen years of age, female and have had two years' experience in a company's delivery office.

我今年19岁，女性。曾在某家公司担任收发工作两年。

8. I am just leaving school, and am eighteen years of age.

本人18岁，不久即可毕业。

9. I am twenty years of age, and am anxious to settle down to office work.

本人20岁，希望能找到一个公司，以便安定下来。

10. Since my graduation from the school two years ago, I have been employed in teh Green Hotel as a cashier.

两年前，自从离校后，在格兰酒店担任出纳员。

自我介绍用语大全之问候类

1.Good morning everyone.

大家早上好。

2.Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.

先生们，女士们下午好。

3.Good evening, teachers and fellow students.

老师们，同学们晚上好。

4.It’s my great honor to introduce myself to you here.

很荣幸在这儿向大家作自我介绍。

5.It’s my pleasure to introduce myself to you here.

我很高兴在这儿向大家作自我介绍。

6.I’m very happy to introduce myself to you here.

我很高兴在这儿向大家作自我介绍。

7.I’m very glad to introduce myself to you here.

我很高兴在这儿向大家作自我介绍。

8.I feel very honored to introduce myself to you here.

我感到很荣幸在这儿向大家作自我介绍。

9.It is a great pleasure for me to introduce myself to you here.

我是如此的高兴在这儿向大家作自我介绍。

10.It is a privilege to be speaking to you today.

今天能跟你谈话真是我三生有幸。

11. I am very proud to be addressing you this evening.

今晚能在此应邀讲话我深感荣幸。

范文:

考研英语复试之英语自我介绍

pesonel statement(introduction)

good morning,my dear teachers,my dear professors.i am very glad to be here for your interview.my name is song yonghao,i am 22 years old .i come from luoyang,a very beautiful aicent city.my undergratuade period will be accomplished in chang'an university in july ,2004;and now,i am trying my best for obtaining a key to tongji university.

generally speaking ,i am a hard working student especially do the thing i am interested in. i will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is. when i was sophomore, i found web design very interesting, so i learned it very hard . to weaver a homepage for myself, i stayed with my pesonel computer for half a month.,and i am the first one in my class who own his homepage. forthermore,i am a person with great perserverence. during the days preparing for the first examination,i insist on running every day, no matter what the weather was like.and just owning to this,i could concentrate on my study and succeeded in the end.

well ,in my spare time ,i like basketball, tennis and chinese chess. also english is my favorate.i often go to english corner to practise my oral english on every thursday,and write compositions to improve my witten ability .but i know my english is not good enough ,i will continue studying.

ok, that is all,thank you for your attention.

my hometown------luoyang

i am from luoyang,a beautiful city in henan province. it is famous as the "capital of nine dynasties " and enjoy yhe honer that luoyang peony is the best in the world.

luoyang played a very important role in chinese history. so it has a profound cultural background and many great heritagesites have been well reverved. such as longmen grotto, one of the three grottoes in china ang white horse temple, being regarded as the cradle of chnese buddhi**.

luoyang peony is world-famous. every year, many tourists travel to luoyang to see the beauty of peony .the people in my hometown are friendly, they welcome the travellers from all over the world.

i like my hometown very much.

考研面试英语口语自我介绍

good morning, my name is jack, it is really a great honor to have this opportunity for a interview, i would like to answer whatever you may raise, and i hope i can make a good performance today, eventually enroll in this prestigious university in september. now i will introduce myself briefly,i am 21 years old,born in heilongjiang province ,northeast of china,and i am curruently a senior student at beijing XX uni.my major is packaging engineering.and i will receive my bachelor degree after my graduation in june.in the past 4 years,i spend most of my time on study,i have passed CET4/6 with a ease. and i have acquired basic knowledge of packaging and publishing both in theory and in practice. besides, i have attend

several packaging exhibition hold in Beijing, this is our advantage study here, i have taken a tour to some big factory and company. through these i have a deeply understanding of domestic packaging industry. compared to developed countries such

as us, unfortunately, although we have made extraordinary progress since 1978,our packaging industry are still underdeveloped, mess, unstable, the situation of employees in this field are awkard. but i have full confidence in a bright future

if only our economy can keep the growth pace still. i guess you maybe interested in the reason itch to law, and what is my plan during graduate study life, i would like to tell you that pursue law is one of my lifelong goal,i like my major packaging and i won't give up,if i can pursue my master degree here i will combine law with my former education. i will work hard in thesefields ,patent ,trademark, copyright, on the base of my years study in department of pp, my character? i cannot describe it well, but i know i am optimistic and confident. sometimes i prefer to stay alone, reading, listening to music, but i am not lonely, i like to chat with my clas**ates, almost talk everything ,my favorite

pastime is valleyball,playing cards or surf online. through college life,i learn how to balance between study and entertainment. by the way, i was a actor of our amazing drama club. i had a few glorious memory on stage. that is my pride

英文自我介绍三

General Introduction*

I am a third year master major in automation at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P. R. China. With tremendous interest in Industrial Engineering, I am writing to apply for acceptance into your Ph.D. graduate program.

Education backgroundIn 1995, I entered the Nanjing University of Science Technology (NUST) -- widely considered one of the China’s best engineering schools. During the following undergraduate study, my academic records kept distinguished among the whole department. I was granted First Class Prize every semester, and my overall GPA(89.5/100) ranked No.1 among 113 students. In 1999, I got the privilege to enter the graduate program waived of the admission test. I selected the Shanghai Jiao Tong University to continue my study for its best reputation on Combinatorial Optimization and Network Sche****ng where my research interest lies.

At the period of my graduate study, my overall GPA(3.77/4.0) ranked top 5% in the department. In the second semester, I became teacher assistant that is given to talented and matured students only. This year, I won the Acer Scholarship as the one and only candidate in my department, which is the ultimate accolade for distinguished students endowed by my university. Presently, I am preparing my graduation thesis and trying for the honor of Excellent Graduation Thesis.

Research experience and academic activity

When a sophomore, I joined the Association of AI Enthusiast and began to narrow down my interest for my future research. In 1997, I participated in simulation tool development for the sche****ng system in Prof. Wang’s lab. With the tool of OpenGL and Matlab, I designed a simulation program for transportation sche****ng system. It is now widely used by different research groups in NUST. In 1998, I assumed and fulfilled a sewage ****ysis dispose project for Nanjing sewage treatment plant. This was my first practice to convert a laboratory idea to a commercial product.

In 1999, I joined the distinguished Professor Yu-Geng Xi's research group aiming at Network flow problem solving and Heuristic algorithm research. Soon I was engaged in the FuDan Gene Database Design. My duty was to pick up the useful information among different kinds of gene matching format. Through the comparison and ****ysis for many heuristic algorithms, I introduced an improved evolutionary algorithm -- Multi-population Genetic Algorithm. By dividing a whole population into several sub-populations, this improved algorithm can effectively prevent GA from local convergence and promote various evolutionary orientations. It proved more efficiently than SGA in experiments, too. In the second semester, I joined the workshop-sche****ng research in Shanghai Heavy Duty Tyre plant. The sche****ng was designed for the rubber-making process that covered not only discrete but also continuous circumstances. To make a balance point between optimization quality and time cost, I proposed a Dynamic Layered Sche****ng method based on hybrid Petri Nets. The practical application showed that the average makespan was shortened by a large scale. I also publicized two papers in core journals with this idea. Recently, I am doing research in the Composite Predict of the Electrical Power system assisted with the technology of Data Mining for Bao Steel. I try to combine the Decision Tree with Receding Optimization to provide a new solution for the Composite Predictive Problem. This project is now under construction.

Besides, In July 2000, I got the opportunity to give a lecture in English in Asia Control Conference (ASCC) which is one of the top-level conferences among the world in the area of control and automation. In my senior year, I met Prof. Xiao-Song Lin, a visiting professor of mathematics from University of California-Riverside, I learned graph theory from him for my network research. These experiences all rapidly expanded my knowledge of English and the understanding of western culture.

I hope to study in depth

In retrospect, I find myself standing on a solid basis in both theory and experience, which has prepared me for the Ph.D. program. My future research interests include: Network Sche****ng Problem, Heuristic Algorithm research (especially in GA and Neural network), Supply chain network research, Hybrid system performance ****ysis with Petri nets and Data Mining.

Please give my application materials a serious consideration. Thank you very much.

面试范文

Introducing Yourself at an Interview (应征面谈)

Good monring. It\'s a pleasure for me to be here in front of you to present myself. My name is Philip Wong, and I am a candidate for the position of Overseas Sales Representative.

My background and work experience are tailor-made for this position. I studied marketing as an undergrad here in Taiwan, and in 1985, I received my MBA from the University of Texas School of Business. For five years now, I have utilized my skills and knowledge as the Assistant Director of Exports for magic kitchen Supplies.

Action Appliances is a forward-looking company. I am aware that you are expanding into new markets, particularly in the U.S. Thus you are going to need aggressive, take-charge sales representatives. At magic Kitchen, during my five years there, we expanded our U.S market share by 25%. This is just one example of my ability to go out there and sell products.

A position with your company would be both a learning experience and a great opportunity. I look forward to becoming part of the Action team. Thank you.

Philip在应征面试时，是这样介绍自己的：

早安，很高兴能在这儿跟各位介绍自己；我是Philip Wong，来此应征海外业务代表。

我的背景和工作经验使我足以胜任这份业务代表的工作，我在台湾念大学，主修行销，1985年，再从美国德州大学的商学院得到工商管理硕士的学位。过去五年来，我以这些专业知识及技巧担任神奇厨具用品公司的外销部副主任。

Action电器公司是个高瞻远瞩的公司，我知道你们正在开拓市场，尤其要在美国闯下一片天地；正因为如此，你们需要一位积极，肯负责的业务代表。在神奇厨具用品公司，我们将产品在美国的市场占有率提高了25%，这正足以证明我有能力在当地推销产品。

如果能够进入贵公司工作，对我来说将是个大好机会，又可以好好继续学习。我希望能成为Action电器公司的一员，谢谢。

个人简历中如何用英语自我赞美

Mature，dynamic and honest．思想成熟、精明能干、为人诚实。

Excellent ability of systematical management．有极强的系统管理能力。

Ability to work independent1y，mature and resourcefu1．能够独立工作、思想成熟、应变能力强。

A person with ability plus flexibility should app1y.需要有能力及适应力强的人。

A stable personality and high sense of responsibility are desirable.个性稳重、具高度责任感。

Work well with a multi-cultural and diverse work force.能够在不同文化和工作人员的背景下出色地工作。

Bright，aggressive applicants.反应快、有进取心的应聘者。

Ambitious attitude essential．有雄心壮志。

Initiative，independent and good communication skill．积极主动、独立工作能力强，并有良好的交际技能。

Willing to work under pressure with leardership quality．愿意在压力下工作，并具领导素质。

Willing to assume responsibilities.应聘者须勇于挑重担。

Mature，self-motivated and strong interpersonal skills.思想成熟、上进心强，并具极丰富的人际关系技巧。

Energetic，fashion-minded person.精力旺盛、思想新潮。

With a pleasant mature attitude.开朗成熟。

Strong determination to succeed．有获得成功的坚定决心。

Strong leadership skills．有极强的领导艺术。

Ability to work well with others.能够同他人一道很好地工作。

Highly-motivated and reliable person with excellent health and pleasant personality.上进心强又可靠者，并且身体健康、性格开朗。

The ability to initiate and operate independently.有创业能力，并能独立地从业。

Strong leadership skill while possessing a great team spirit.有很高的领导艺术和很强的集体精神。

Be highly organized and effecient．工作很有条理，办事效率高。

Willing to learn and progress．肯学习进取。

Good presentation skills.有良好的表达能力。

Positive active mind essential．有积极、灵活的头脑。

Ability to deal with personnel at all levels effectively。善于同各种人员打交道。

Have positive work attitude and be willing and able to work diligently without supervision。有积极的工作态度，愿意和能够在没有监督的情况下勤奋地工作。

Young，bright，energetic with strong career-ambition.年轻、聪明、精力充沛，并有很强的事业心。

Good people management and communication skills. Team player.有良好的人员管理和交际能力。能在集体中发挥带头作用。

Able to work under high pressure and time limitation.能够在高压力下和时间限制下进行工作。

Be elegant and with nice personality.举止优雅、个人性格好。

With good managerial skills and organizational capabilities.有良好的管理艺术和组织能力。

The main qualities required are preparedness to work hard, ability to learn, ambition and good health.主要必备素质是吃苦耐劳精神好、学习能力优、事业心强和身体棒。

Having good and extensive social connections.具有良好而广泛的社会关系。

Being active, creative and innonative is a plus.思想活跃、有首创和革新精神尤佳。

With good ****ytical capability.有较强的分析能力。

建细菌进化树的策略

Extensive Unexplored Human Microbiome Diversity Revealed by Over 150,000 Genomes from Metagenomes Spanning Age, Geography, and Lifestyle

杂志：CELL

时间：2019

PhyloPhlAn软件

400 universal PhyloPhlAn markers构建phylogeny

phylophlan参数：--diversity high --accurate --min_num_markers 80

Internal steps:

diamond：

blastx --quiet --threads 1 --outfmt 6 --more-sensitive --id 50 --max-hsps 35 -k 0

diamond:

blastp --quiet --threads 1 --outfmt 6 --more-sensitive --id 50 --max-hsps 35 -k 0

mafft --anysymbol 对齐

trimal -gappyout 修剪

RAxML -m PROTCATLG -p 1989 建树

PhyloPhlAn软件

400 PhyloPhlAn markers reconstruct phylogeny

phylophlan参数：--diversity high --fast --min_num_markers 80

Internal steps:

diamond：

blastx --quiet --threads 1 --outfmt 6 --more-sensitive --id 50 --max-hsps 35 -k 0

diamond:

blastp --quiet --threads 1 --outfmt 6 --more-sensitive --id 50 --max-hsps 35 -k 0

mafft --anysymbol 对齐

trimal -gappyout 修剪

RAxML -m PROTCATLG -p 1989 建树

IQ-TREE -nt AUTO -m LG 建树

Roary identified set of cores genes at 95%

PhyloPhlAn --diversity low --fast

--min_num_markers 50% of the number of core genes identified

--min_num_entries 90% of the number of input genomes

blastn -outfmt 6 -max_target_seqs 1000000

mafft --anysymbol --auto 对齐

trimal -gappyout 修剪

FastTree -mlacc 2 -slownni -spr 4 -fastest -mlnni 4 -no2nd -gtr -nt 建树

RAxML -p 1989 -m GTRCAT

-t phylogenetic tree computed by FastTree

The non-metric multidimensional scaling plots were computed on pairwise genetic distances between core gene alignments produced by Roary using the nmds function in the ecodist R package

The phylogenetic trees were generated using GraPhlAn and the phylogenies were generated using FigTree

文章： Insights on the Evolutionary Genomics of the Blautia Genus: Potential New Species and Genetic Content Among Lineages

杂志：Frontiers in Microbiology

时间：2021

OrthoFinder 获取conserved gene families (Orthogroups)

perl retrieve protein sequence

MAFFT (L-INS-i mode)对齐Orthogroups

ModelTest-NG :

Akaike information criterion (AIC)

IQ-TREE 2 :

1000 replicates of ultrafast bootstrap

UFBOOT trees by NNI (–bnni)

SH-like approximate likelihood ratio test (–alrt)

panX core genome to construct single nucleotide polymorphi** (SNP)-based tree

cophylo 比较phylogenomic aminoacid and the SNP-based trees

TypeMat from the Microbial Genomes Atlas (MiGA) 进行细菌分类剔除anomalous classification