贫困代际传递理论是谁先提出来的呀？

贫困代际传递理论提出：

1、从国家层面对贫困代际传递研究做出重大贡献的是美国哥伦比亚大学教授拉格纳•纳克斯。他在1953年出版的《不发达国家的资本形成问题》一书中，考察了发展中国家长期贫困的根源，提出了“贫困的恶性循环”理论。

2、从文化角度讨论贫困代际传递问题的是美国著名人类学家奥斯卡•刘易斯。1959年，他在《五个家庭：关于贫困文化的墨西哥人实例研究》一书中，首先提出了“贫困文化”的概念，并从社会、社区、家庭、个人等层面对其作了系统研究。

扩展资料：

社会学家借用代际流动的理论和研究范式，将贫困在代际间传递这一社会现象归纳为“贫困人口代际传递”，即贫困以及导致贫困的相关因素在贫困人口家庭内部由父辈传递给子辈，即出现贫困沿袭。

贫困人口代际传递产生的原因较为复杂,如社会学家刘易斯•科塞认为，“贫困文化”是贫困人口代际传递的内生原因,即长期的贫困生活使穷人形成独特的行为规范、价值观念和文化体系，并通过“圈内”交往等方式被强化和制度化,从而对后代贫困产生影响。

除此，相关研究也发现，家庭收入、教育投入因素与贫困人口代际传递之间存在显著关联。

我国在反贫困方面取得了世界公认的成就。

2011—2014年,我国农村贫困人口发生率下降5.5%;可以说,全球深度贫困人口的减少主要体现在我国深度贫困人口的减少上。

但由于我国不同区域之间、城乡之间发展格局的失衡,社会保障制度缓解低收入人群贫困的造血、输血功能不足,以致贫困人口代际传递问题在相当范围和程度上仍然存在。

贫困人口代际传递有着比贫困本身更大的危害，其使贫困人口失去向上流动的物质基础和精神动力，导致社会阶层固化,从而加剧社会不公。

这是值得高度重视的贫困现象，也是迫切需要采取有效行动来加以解决的问题。

在我国现行标准下贫困人口全部脱贫是实现2020年全面建成小康社会这一“百年目标”的基本要求，因此,进一步完善相关政策体系，对于缓解贫困人口代际传递具有重要意义。

参考资料来源：中国社会科学网-完善政策体系 缓解贫困代际传递

2010.12 英语六级答案

2010年12月大学英语六级****

快速阅读答案：

1-10ABDADBB take risks have families military service

Part Ⅱ

Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）

1．A not be sustained in the long term

解析：关键字1994对应第一段第三行，题干中unsustainable即选项A中sustained的反义表达方式。选择A。

2．B Intergenerational conflicts will intensify.

解析：从书名定位到原文第二段，heading for the rock, the cleaner, 都暗示了两代人之间的问题，最后的warfare则一目了然地指出了该矛盾。

3．D politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election

解析：首先需要理解题目意图，即为何养老机制改革迟迟不能进行，然后定位到文章第四段，其实只要从段落中politician这一关键字就能选定D选项。

4．A allow people to work longer

解析：从题干中the most effective method找到第五段第三句原话，直接选择A选项。

5．D younger workers are readily available

解析：题目中employer为关键字，找到第六段，该段看似没有直接提到为什么雇主不愿意雇佣old workers，但从其不断分析新涌现出来的劳动力替代者，可以总结的出D选项，即年轻劳动力的供给已足以满足企业需求。

6．B large numbers of immigrants from overseas

解析：这道题间接考察了学生变换思维的能力，Japan在文中一时难以找到，但其所代表的发达国家群体developed countries却出现在了第七段，而该段恰恰揭示了发达国家靠**劳动力寻求养老机制危机一时的缓解的举措。

7．B They find it hard to balance career and family.

解析：compromise关键字找到第九段，关键字出现的句子前一句就是B选项。

8．take risks

解析：题目中old societies关键字对应到倒数第六段第三行，题目中的less inclined正好与原文中的more strongly disinclined形成对照，所以答案只需摘录之后的原文即可，即take risks

9．have families

解析：题目中关键字intergenerational warfare对应到原文倒数第五段。第二句直接对第一句做出了解释，摘录即可。

10．military service

解析：要理解题目中less willing to 的含义，即不情愿，这样定位到倒数第三段第一句的reluctant， commit sth. to sth. ，空格内需要填写名词，参照原文，即military service.

Part Ⅲ

Listening Comprehension

Section A

11. What can we infer from the conversation?

【答案】D The man is the manager of the apartment building

【解析】从对话中看出男士在找apartment building，不是女士。因此选D。

12. What is the woman eager to know?

【答案】B How the pictures will turn out.

【解析】女士想知道的是if the shots I took are as good as I thought. 照片是不是和她想的异样好。这里shots指照片。turn out指照片拍出来的效果。因此选B。

13. What does the man mean?

【答案】C The suitcase can be fixed in time.

【解析】男士说到find a handle后面提到 but that shouldn’t take too long说明不是没有handle可以匹配。因此排除A,B。

14. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

【答案】B He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather.

【解析】男士说到truck需要operate for long periods of time in very cold temperatures，因此选择选项B。very cold temperatures对应harsh weather.

15. What do we learn about the woman?

【答案】A She has made up her mind to resign.

【解析】从文中女士强硬的口气I could no longer live with…可以看出她下定决心。因此选择A。

16. What does the women want to do？

【答案】D Replace the shirt with one of some other material.

【解析】女士首先提到exchange the shirt，后面又解释了原因allergic to wool，从男士的回答也可以看出换成别的材质。因此选择D。

17. Where does this conversation most probably take place?

【答案】D At a “Lost and Found”

【解析】男士首先问Did anyone happen to turn in a new handbag?，女士又问了他handbag的详细信息，可见是在失物招领处，选D。

18. What does the man plan to do with his old house?

【答案】C Convert in into a hotel

【解析】but后面是真正意图: turning it into a guest house。guest house 意为宾馆，因此选C。

19. What is the key to write a good classical detective story according to the man?

【答案】D Careful plotting and clueing.

【解析】对话中提到it must be so carefully plotted and so carefully clued，对应D选项。

20. What does the man mainly need when working on a book?

【答案】D To be entirely alone.

【解析】对话中can’t even bare anybody else, be completely alone都说明该作家需要独立的写作空间，因此选择D。

21. What does the man say about writers?

【答案】C They look at the world in a detached manner.

【解析】关键词detachment 分离。作家提到作者的经历和写作。虽然说道some experiences overwhelm everyone, 但是后面的but暗示了答案，stand aside、detachment都对应了C选项。

22. What does the woman say about British railways?

【答案】B Like it or not, you have to use them.

【解析】在对话一开始，女士就提到了There’s only one railway system, if you don't like a particular railway, you can’t go and use another. 因为只有一条铁路，即使不喜欢，也只能乘坐，换句话说不论喜欢与否都得用它。因此选择B。

23. What do some people who write to the man complain about?

【答案】D The monopoly of British Railways.

【解析】对话中谈及monopoly，铁路垄断，因此选D。其他选项均未涉及。

24. What does the man say threatens the existence of railways?

【答案】B Competition from other modes of transport.

【解析】对话中modes of transport are all around对应选项B。

25. What does the man say about railways in other countries?

【答案】D They lose a lot of money.

【解析】男士以德、法两国铁路为例，每年铁路都有大量亏损。因此选择D。而B选项中disappearing仅仅是美国的情况。

文章解析：

本文是一篇地理科学类文章，有点难度，关键是对一些专有名词的把握。文章开始先指出全球变暖带来最主要的威胁是极地冰盖的融化，并给出了相应的事实和数据加以证明。接着更多例子表明南极洲的冰盖在过去的130万年间至少坍塌过一次。相关高等学府的学者和科学家也相继用实验证明南极洲西部曾是一片汪洋。最后引用Herman Engle heart的话，再次提醒我们，西南极洲大冰原很可能再次融化消失。

其实按常理来说，如果听力文章比较有难度的话，题目的难度相对应会降低。所以大家在遇到此类题型时不必惊慌。提取关键信息、边听边记笔记，运用好背景知识等就能把题目做出来。平时也要注意扩大阅读范围，增长见识。关于环境保护和全球变暖之类的文章屡见不鲜，要求考生在这方面要引起足够的重视。

【难点词汇】

West Antarctic ice sheet西南极洲大冰原 ice shelf 冰架 anchored 固定的

fossil 化石 microscopic marine plants 海洋微生物 geological 地质的

26. What is one of the most frightening threats of global warming according to the passage?

【解析】C) Many coastal cities will be covered with water.

细节题。本题不难，从听力开头即可听到 “raising sea level so much that coastal cities from New York to Los Angles to Shanghai will be flooded” 所以选C选项。

27. What do scientists disagree on?

【解析】B) How unstable the West Antarctic ice sheet is.

细节题。本题不难。注意关键句 “but Antarctic experts disagree strongly on just how unstable it is” 即可得出答案。

28. What is the latest information revealed about the West Antarctic ice sheet?

【解析】A）It collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years.

细节题。注意提取关键信息 “new evidence reveals that all or most of the Antarctic ice sheet collapsed at least once during the past 1.3 million years” 所以选A选项。

29. What the scientists’ latest findings suggest?

【解析】A) The West Antarctic region was once a open ocean.

细节题。听力最后的例子说明了这一点“which suggest that the region was once open ocean not solid ice”， 而其他选项都不是最新的发现。

Passage Two

30 B）Whether a deleted photo is immediately removed from the web.

【解析】听力一开始作者就建议我们尝试删除自己上传的照片“Take a photo and upload it to Facebook, then after a day or so, note what the URL link to the picture is and then delete it.”，由此可知应该选B。

31 B) The way they store data.

【解析】“Why do "deleted" photos stick around so long? The problem relates to the way data is stored on large websites”，从这句话可知图片之所以不能立即删除跟它们存储的方式有关。

32 C) When the URL is reused.

【解析】“In the case of Facebook, the company says data may hang around until the URL in question is reused”，从这句话可知只有URL被再次用到才会被删除。

Passage Three

33. A

解析：第一段原文可以找到对应句子，即some iced coffees contain as many calories as a hot dinner.

34. B

解析：第一段原文中有对应语句，即Better skip dinner or hit the gym afterwards.

35. C

解析：在此句中，“The WCRF has estimated that 19,000 cancers a year in Britain could be prevented…”，关键词prevented可以得知答案为C选项。

Section C

36. diverse

37. tragic

38. commit

39. outcome

40. scale

41. colleagues

42. accurate

43. averages

45. Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them,

46. went beyond the simple notion that hope is merely the sense that everything will turn out all right.

47. Having hope means believing you have both the will and the way to accomplish your goals, whatever they may be.

Part Ⅳ

Reading Comprehension（Reading in Depth）

Section A

47.

答案：feminine and weak

解析：文中提到…because they believe that such feelings are feminine and imply weakness. 要填在to be后面就应该转化成形容词形式。

48.

答案：lose composure

解析：文中提到may lead to a loss of composure。要用在主语后面就要把loss变成动词lose。

49.

答案：stress-related disorders

解析：文中提到can contribute to stress-related disorder。

50.

答案：their relationship with partners

解析：文中提到…report lower relationship satisfaction as do their female partners.故这里要重新组合转换表达形式。

51.

答案：aggressive

解析：文中提到…into physically aggression or violence，而此处在become后就要用aggression的形容词形式。

52) A solve virtually existing all problems

细节题。抓住时间点“In the early 2oth century” 我们从第一句 “offer solutions to almost every problem” 便可知道答案。选择A选项。

53) D They realized that science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world.

推论题。 我们首先比较容易排除A和C项。B项具有迷惑性，关键是看“the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic study”这个选项仔细看就会发现说得太绝对了，社会的问题主要是靠人文主义的研究？显然不是很恰当。我们从下面那句也可以推断出选D比较恰当。 “Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world.”

54) C America is lagging behind in the STEMS disciplines.

细节题。主要在第二段里找答案。从段落后两句“There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines.” 我们可以推断出是选C选项。 A和D选项比较容易排除。不选B选项，因为文章中 “India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership.” seem to 表明这几个国家只是有种趋势，但还没有have overtaken。

55) A Insufficient funding.

细节题。我们在第三段里可以找到答案。 从“…are seriously underfunded…” “Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members…” 这些信息中，可以很快知道是A选项。

56) C Humanistic thinking helps cultivate and define our culture and values.

细节题。本题不难。作者为什么如此着重人文主义的研究，其他三项都是非常具体的，且都不是重点。只有C选项符合。且我们从最后这一句 “But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values.” 及作者的语气可以更加确定是C选项。

第二篇：

57. D. It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.

解 析：这道题针对开头两节。A和C答案比较容易排除，A说爱因斯坦把数学推到了一个极限，C说在将来的两百年都不会有物理学家超过爱因斯坦，这两个都明显不 合文章大意。B答案说需要一个爱因斯坦才能建立一种大一统理论，属于过度推理，并且细节性太强了。D答案是正确答案，很多同学不敢选D的原因是，因为有些 科学家们认为爱因斯坦或许还没有诞生或许还是个小婴儿，他们认为这样一来就有可能爱因斯坦已经存在了。但是这句话里面的爱因斯坦是代表伟大的科学家的意 思，那么这个题目选择D就是正确的，大家都同意的是像爱因斯坦那样伟大的科学家还需要一定的时间才会出现。

58. B. His independent and abstract thinking

解析：B他独立与抽象思维能力。这一段是文章中间部分的内容概括。根据上下文意思推断，爱因斯坦成功的原因，不能说是他在音乐方面的天分，也不能说他的努力或者他在数学方面的深厚基础，因此答案选择B。

59. D. They often go into fields yielding greater financial benefits.

解析：正确答案选择D。这段文章是在问今天的物理学家们的情况， A说他们缺乏分析能力，B说他们擅长处理实际问题，C说他们重视发表文章，都是从根据文章细节中捏造出来的错误选项。D是对于文章内容的一个总结概括，数量众多的物理学家进入了更有经济利益的领域。

60. D. Nobody will read papers on apparently ridiculous theories.

解析：正确答案选择D。结合Greene讲的话，他说What an idea!还说是需要把头往墙上撞的人才会相信能找到个解决方案呢！说明内容实在是比较荒诞。

61. B. was little known in academic circles

解 析：正确答案选择B，说的是爱因斯坦在学术圈里面默默无闻，跟原文里面的“by a virtual unknown”相对应。有迷惑性的选择项是D,因为文中提到了爱因斯坦的文章没有配上脚注和注释footnote and citations.但是D选择项是说，爱因斯坦不懂得论文的格式，这个属于过度推理了。

Part Ⅴ

Cloze

62 B set out set out plans表示制定计划

63 D abandoning abandon 放弃，once unshakeable orthodoxy表示曾经不可动摇的做法，也就是现在要放弃了。

64 A with struggle with表示同…斗争，介词搭配，这里表示设法应对广告收入和报纸销售量下降的局面。

65 B intends intend to表示打算…,从后面的at the beginning of 2011，可知还没有这么做，只是计划或者打算这么做。

66 A exceeded 超过，是说当用户每月阅读文章超过一定量时就要收费。

67 A on 和side搭配，on the side of …表示拥护…；站在…一边。

68 D charge 本词在文章中多次出现，charge **表示向某人收费。

69 C such as 表示举例，从后面举London's Evening Standard作为例子，可知应该选such as.

70 B free 前面提到abandon readership revenue，即放弃读者收益，由此可知应该是make print editions free.

71 C acknowledged 表示承认，这里表示Arthur Sulzberger承认这么做是一种赌博。

72 C bet 打赌，赌注，从前面的gamble可知应该选bet。

73 C circulation 发行量，从后面的数量可知应该选circulation。

74 A behind NYT排名第三，即排在the Wall Street Journal and USA Today后面。

75 B While在这里表示对比，从上下文可知NYT与美国其他报纸不同。

76 D claim 声称，宣称，这里是说NYT声称自己是全国范围的报纸。

77 C maintains 维持，运营，即NYT还在世界其他地方运营着26个办公室。

78 A like 从下文可知NYT和印刷行业的其他公司一样，也受到金融危机的影响，所以选like，表示同…一样。

79 D serious 严重的，考察形容词与名词的搭配，从下文的数据可知遭受严重经济损失。

80 C suffered 遭受，suffer a loss遭受损失，常见搭配。

81 D loan 贷款，前文提到公司损失了很多钱，所以需要从别处借钱来补充资金。

翻译答案：

82. There is no denying that you ___________(越仔细越好) in dealing with this matter.

解析：can never be too careful / can not be too careful

【考点解释】本题考查“越仔细越好”“再…也不为过”的固定搭配，即can never be too/can not be too + adj.

【原句精释】无可否认，处理这件事，越仔细越好。

83. Only when I reached my thirties __________________________ (我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的)

解析：did I realize that reading cannot be neglected

did I realize that reading is unignorable

【考点解释】本题考查由only when 引起的局部倒装。当only when置于句首，主句用局部倒装，即将助动词置于主语前面。only when引导句子时态为过去时（reached），为保持时态一致，主句助动词用did；注意被动语态的使用，reading与neglect为被动关系。同时也可以使用be+adj的结构。

【原句精释】直到三十岁，我才意识不能忽视读书。

84. Much ___________________ (使研究人员感到惊讶)，the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected.

解析：to the researchers’ surprise

【考点解释】本题考查固定搭配 to one’s surprise 使…惊讶的是…

【原句精释】让研究人员大为惊讶的是，实验结果比他们的预计好得多。

85. Oh, my, I can’t find my key; __________________________（我一定是把它放在哪儿了）。

解析：I must have left / put it somewhere.

【考点解释】本题考查对过去事情的肯定的猜测，即must have+过去分词，leave与put都有放置的意思，但leave强调遗忘在…，较之put，leave更贴合题意。

【原句精释】天啊，我找不到钥匙。我一定是把它放在哪儿了。

86．I ________________________(宁愿加入你们去做义工)than go to the beach for a holiday.

解析：would rather join you as a volunteer

【考点解释】考查结构“宁愿…也不愿…”, 因题干中已存在“than go”的结构，只能使用 “would rather do rather than do”。加入… join **

【原句精释】我宁愿加入你们去做义工，也不愿到海边去度假

代际传递

代际传递（intergenerational tran**ission）指父母的能力、观念、行为、社会地位等传递给子女的现象。子女在各方面与父母越相似，代际传递效应越强。在实证层面上表现为父母特征与子女相应特征存在一定程度的相关，且亲代特征对子代相应特征有一定的预测性。

有研究表明，在个体发展过程中，攻击行为、风险态度、离异、金钱焦虑等多种心理和行为变量都存在代际传递现象。

经济态度的代际传递现象

（金钱态度的代际传递）金钱是经济活动的核心要素和载体，经济态度的本质是人们对待金钱的态度，金钱态度必然是经济态度基本内容。

（风险态度的代际传递）风险态度是面对风险情景的行为趋向。有研究表明，在控制了父母的教育水平和收入后，愿意冒险的父母，他们的孩子也更加冒险。

（互惠态度的代际传递）互惠是个人对他人行为已同样的方式和反馈的倾向，积极的互惠被定义为友好行为的报答，而消极的互惠指对敌对的惩罚

中文译成英文 求翻译

1. 人口结构转变的挑战我国人口发展的主要矛盾，已从控制人口数量转向改善人口结构的新阶段。 The challenges of demographic change in the principal contradiction of China's population development, population shift from control to improve the population structure of a new stage. 新的人口问题，即随着生育率的急骤下降，人口结构出现极不寻常的蜕变，打破了人类社会自身年龄、代际、性别的生态平衡，将是中国崛起最严峻的挑战之一。 The new population problem, that was experiencing with the decline in fertility, population structure is highly unusual transformation, breaking the age of human society itself, intergenerational, gender, ecological balance, the rise of China will be the most serious challenges. 中国人口占世界总人口的比重日益下降，对这一趋势必须关注。 China's population accounts for the proportion of the world's population is declining, we must pay attention to this trend. 劳动力优势悄然弱化，老龄化浪潮汹涌而至，性别失衡亮起“红灯”。 Advantage of weaker labor quietly, but to the surging tide of aging, gender imbalance in turn "red." 决策应以科学预测为基础，实行新的人口方略。 The decision-making should be based on scientific prediction based on the implementation of the new population strategy.

当人口结构改变已成事实，我们已不能再依靠我们国家廉价的劳动力来作为经济增长的跳板，所以我们这一代及以后的青少年应切实提高自身的劳动技术水平和综合素质，过去的仅靠双手就可养家的状况将改变，未来要求职工掌握必要的先进技术。 When the changes in population structure has become a reality, we can no longer rely on cheap labor in our country as a springboard for economic growth, so we of this generation and beyond, young people should effectively improve their skill level and overall quality of labor, past alone hands can support a family situation will change in future, require workers to acquire the necessary advanced technologies. 我们的企业也应该与时俱进，适时作从劳动密集型向技术研发型转变，增强综合竞争力。 Our business should be with the times, to make a timely manner from the labor-intensive to technology-based changes in research and development and enhance overall competitiveness. 这就要求我们努力学习科学文化知识，掌握必要的计算机技能和具备一定外语能力。 This requires us to strive to learn scientific and cultural knowledge, to acquire the necessary computer skills and possess the necessary foreign language ability.

我们要积极倡导建设一个终生学习型的社会，到时不仅是青壮年对社会做贡献，连目前被称为老年的群体也可以在一定程度上发挥余热。 We must actively promote the building of a lifelong learning society, when the time is not only the young *****s to contribute to society, and even now known as the old age groups may to a certain extent, play the heat.

我们更应该积极宣传男女平等，让社会有更好的可持续性。 We should actively promote gender equality and the sustainability of the community better. 据统计，近几年出生的婴儿中男女比例为120：100，这将导致这批人成年以后有一定比例的“光棍”，到时会给社会造成压力。 According to statistics, in recent years, infants born male to female ratio 120:100, which will lead to these people beyond a certain percentage of the *****'s "bachelor" to give the community time pressure.

2． 2. 环境保护与可持续发展环境问题将是以后的一个不容忽视的重大问题，应该引起全人类的关注。 Environmental protection and sustainable development in environmental issues will be a future major issues can not be ignored, should arouse the concern of all humanity. 对于我们青少年，首先应该加强自身的环保观念，摒弃谈论环境问题为时过早的旧观念，之后仅仅是我们自己观念先进了还不够，应该着眼于向认识不够到位的，特别是广大的农村地区人群，广泛宣传应从与自然对立斗争转变为尊重自然与自然和谐相处； 应从一味向自然索取追求享受转变为珍惜资源爱护环境；应从只顾自己的利益转变为关心地球关心人类；应从只考虑眼前利益转变为考虑持续发展。 For our young people should first strengthen their own concepts, to talk about environmental issues is too early to abandon the old concepts, followed by only a concept advanced by our own is not enough, we should focus on knowledge is not enough to put in place, especially in the vast rural areas regional populations, should be widely publicized confrontation with nature, the struggle for the respect for nature into harmony with nature; should be obtained blindly to the pursuit of the enjoyment of natural resources, care for the environment into a treasure; should be serving its own interests into the Earth's concern for human care; should only consider the immediate into consideration sustainable development.

其次，我们应该注意加强环境法制体系，让保护环境与资源变得有法可依。 Secondly, we should pay attention to strengthening the environmental legal system, so that protection of the environment and resources has become a legal basis. 促进我们国家经济建设与环境保护更好的协调起来。 To promote our country's economic construction and environmental protection to better coordinate.

再者，我们大学生要积极进入广大农村，为农民带去先进知识和管理方法并进行生态农业的建设，促进农村地区的可持续发展，还有青年科技工作者应该加大研发清洁能源和可回收材料，加强能源和资源的可持续生产与利用，改进现今的防污治污方法，切实进行污染防治及环境修复。 Furthermore, we have students to actively enter the vast rural areas for farmers and bring advanced knowledge and management practices and ecological agriculture, construction, and promote sustainable development in rural areas, as well as young scientists should intensify research and development of clean energy and recyclable materials, energy and resources to enhance the sustainable production and use, today's anti-pollution pollution control methods to improve and effectively carry out pollution control and environmental restoration.

3． 3. 健康与心理素质在当今的社会上，我们青少年是时尚潮流的主导者，一定程度上，我们的行为反映了一个社会的风气的好与坏。 Health and psychological quality in today's society, our youth is the dominant fashion trends, to a certain extent, our behavior reflects the culture of a society good or bad. 所以我们行事应该处处考虑是否符合社会道德规范。 Therefore, we consider every aspect of acting in line with the code of ethics.

未来的社会将是更具挑战和机遇的社会，我们要注重自身的全面发展，必要技能与个人修养个性并重，在团体合作中也应该有共赢精神。 Society of the future will be more challenges and opportunities of the community, we should pay attention to their full development, if necessary, equal emphasis on individual skills and personal self-cultivation, in the groups also should have the spirit of win-win situation.

4． 4. 多元文化及科技融合随着国家之间的交流愈趋紧密，国家间的竞争不仅仅在经济、军事领域，在文化、娱乐方面的角逐也是更为激烈，我们是撑起祖国的下一代，理应在各个层面上严格要求自己，积极倡导中国的传统文化在世界多元文化中引领风尚的一种潮流，促进我国科技实力的增强，使国民的自尊与自信心提高到历史的新高度。 With the integration of multi-cultural and technological exchanges between countries is getting closer, the competition among countries not only in the economic and military sphere, in cultural, entertainment and even more intense rivalry, we prop up the motherland and the next generation, should be at all levels strict demands on themselves, and actively promote China's traditional culture in the world's leading multi-cultural in a kind of fashion trend, promoting China's scientific and technological strength, so that people's self-esteem and self-confidence to a new historic high. 在保持个性独立的前提下广泛的参与国际合作，进行全方位的交流。 While maintaining the premise of independent personality, a wide range of participation in international cooperation and all-round exchanges.

在科技领域，要注重吸取他国的先进经验与从上到下的科研项目运作机制，从而最大程度上发挥每个人的智慧；在文化领域，我们既不能任由全盘西化一味否定传统的思想的肆虐，也不能唯我独尊，目中无人，最可取的是让几千年的优良传统融入到自己的行为方式中，适时“拿来主义”，扩大中华文明的影响力，使之成为世界多元文化中一朵奇葩。 In science and technology, we should pay attention to learn the advanced experience of other countries operating research projects with top-down mechani**s to the maximum extent possible to play everyone's wisdom; in the cultural field, we can not allow the wholesale Westernization denial about the havoc caused by traditional thinking , we can not conceited, arrogant, the most desirable is to make the fine tradition for thousands of years into their own behavior, the time "take-i**" and increase the influence of Chinese civilization, making it the world's diverse culture, a wonderful work