有关性别歧视的英语作文范文(2)

有关性别歧视的英语作文篇4：Female inferiors

Decades ago, Chairman Mao succinctly settled the age-old debate about gender equality when he stated that "woman holds up half of the sky". Male superiority so out of place in this age, when women are said to be equal to men in many aspects. However, we very grieved discovery already said goodbye to feudali** several hundred years China to be still unable get rid of the treatment of woman as inferiors thought the fetter. In this advanced society, phenomenon of female inferiors not only existing stably but also taking control of our minds and indicates in many fields. To begin with, take employment for example, women are excluded from the major department of productions. Many significant occupations such as executive or professional jobs prefer hiring male rather than woman. Moreover, man still holds perception that women should do more household routine, nurture their offspring and take care of pets. Last but not the least, people living in remote areas believed that men are superior to women, until this status does not also get thorough improvement now. When a woman got pregnant, they were begging for a son instead of a daughter.

To prevent these troublesome already mentioned from happen again, we should create feministic atmosphere, promote gender equality and ask man to do household chores, because in a family where roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a certain extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain.

有关性别歧视的英语作文篇5

Household Servants

When a boy is born in most developing countries, friends and relatives exclaim congratulations. A son means insurance. He will inherit his father's property and get a job to help support the family. When a girl is born, the reaction is very different. Some women weep when they find out their baby is a girl because, to them, a daughter is just another expense. Her place is in the home, not in the world of men. In some parts of India, it's traditional to greet a family with a newborn girl by saying, "The servant of your household has been born."

A girl can't help but feel inferior when everything around her tells her that she is worth less than a boy. Her identity is forged as soon as her family and society limit her opportunities and declare her to be second-rate.

A combination of extreme poverty and deep biases against women creates a remorseless cycle of discrimination that keeps girls in developing countries from living up to their full potential. It also leaves them vulnerable to severe physical and emotional abuse. These "servants of the household" come to accept that life will never be any different.

Neglect

The developing world is full of poverty-stricken families who see their daughters as an economic predicament困境. That attitude has resulted in the widespread neglect of baby girls in Africa, Asia, and South America. In many communities, it's a regular practice to breastfeed girls for a shorter time than boys so that women can try to get pregnant again with a boy as soon as possible. As a result, girls miss out on life-giving nutrition during a crucial window of their development, which stunts their growth and weakens their resistance to disease.

Statistics show that the neglect continues as they grow up. Young girls receive less food, healthcare and fewer vaccinations overall than boys. Not much changes as they become women. Tradition calls for women to eat last, often reduced to picking over the leftovers from the men and boys.

Abuse

Even after infancy, the threat of physical harm follows girls throughout their lives. Women in every society are vulnerable to abuse. But the threat is more severe for girls and women who live in societies where women's rights mean practically nothing. Mothers who lack their own rights have little protection to offer their daughters, much less themselves, from male relatives and other authority figures. The frequency of rape and violent attacks against women in the developing world is alarming. Forty-five percent of Ethiopian women say that they have been assaulted in their lifetimes. In 1998, 48 percent of Palestinian women admitted to being abused by an intimate partner within the past year.

In some cultures, the physical and psychological trauma of rape is compounded by an additional stigma. In cultures that maintain strict sexual codes for women, if a woman steps out of bounds—by choosing her own hu**and, flirting in public, or seeking divorce from an abusive partner—she has brought dishonor to her family and must be disciplined. Often, discipline means execution. Families commit "honor killings" to salvage their reputation tainted by disobedient women.

Appallingly, this "disobedience" includes rape. In 1999, a 16-year-old mentally handicapped girl in Pakistan who had been raped was brought before her tribe's judicial counsel. Although she was the victim and her attacker had been arrested, the counsel decided she had brought shame to the tribe and ordered her public execution. This case, which received a lot of publicity at the time, is not unusual. Three women fall victim to honor killings in Pakistan every day—including victims of rape. In areas of Asia, the Middle East, and even Europe, all responsibility for sexual misconduct falls, by default, to women. How to Help You can help pull down the barriers that keep girls from attending school and begin to bring change for women in developing countries. The most direct way is by easing the financial need that forces families to take their children out of school in the first place.

Dozens of international organizations are working to improve the livelihood of impoverished people. By building infrastructure and providing aid, vocational training, and education programs, they give families in developing countries resources to create healthy and stable lives. That takes the burden of mere survival off young women and gives them the time to get an education. With practical help and encouragement, girls are more likely to enroll and stay in school.

encouraging all international organizations to come up with strategies for girls' education as part of their initial development plans. It has also started a movement to monitor school materials, facilities, and teachers to ensure that girls get a quality education that promotes appropriate perceptions of women, and that female students are given the same privileges as male students. other reputable organizations need now are the resources to fund their efforts.

You can help begin to change the lives of women around the world by making a financial gift or raising awareness about girls in the developing world who want to help raise awareness of the issues tha impact children. You can The need is clear, and though the obstacles to ending gender discrimination are high, they are not insurmountable.

Educated

women are essential to ending gender bias, starting by reducing the poverty that makes discrimination even worse in the developing world. The most basic skills in literacy and arithmetic open up opportunities for better-paying jobs for women. Uneducated women in rural areas of Zambia, for instance, are twice as likely to live in poverty as those who have had eight or more years of education. The longer a girl is able to stay in school, the greater her chances to pursue worthwhile employment, higher education, and a life without the hazards of extreme poverty.

Women who have had some schooling are more likely to get married later, survive childbirth, have fewer and healthier children, and make sure their own children complete school. They also understand hygiene and nutrition better and are more likely to prevent disease by visiting health care facilities. The UN estimates that for every year a woman spends in primary school, the risk of her child dying prematurely is reduced by 8 percent.

Girls' education also means comprehensive change for a society. As women get the opportunity to go to school and obtain higher-level jobs, they gain status in their communities. Status translates into the power to influence their families and societies.

Even bigger changes become possible as girls' education becomes the cultural norm. Women can't defend themselves against physical and sexual abuse until they have the authority to speak against it without fear. Knowledge gives that authority. Women who have been educated are half as likely to undergo harmful cultural practices such as female genital mutilation (FGM) and four times as likely to protect their daughters from it. The Global Campaign for Education also states that a primary education defends women against HIV/AIDS infection—disproportionately high for women in developing countries—by giving "the most marginalized groups in society—notably young women—the status and confidence needed to act on information and refuse unsafe sex."

一篇900字的翻译报告需要多少翻译理论

一篇900字的翻译报告需要多少翻译理论

更新 请大家如果有问题的话 私信我 评论太多看不过来了

更新 最近写论文非常忙 如果有问题的话建议私信我 评论有很多都漏掉了

另外希望大家在私信我之前仔细看一下答案 因为翻译的理论 无非就是这几大类 可以自己先确定一个大类 然后上网或者去图书馆看一看自己需要的理论 因为毕竟研究 还是要多看文献 才能找到最适合自己研究的理论和方法

更新 如果有具体的翻译报告 想要讨论 可以私信将报告的第一部分发给我 我需要看一下再得出具体的结论

最近非常忙 我一般会在两三天之内回复

更新 最近任务比较多 回复可能不太及时 但是比较重要的几个问题 我想在这个答案中添加一下

关于口译及专业文本的翻译

(由于我的研究方向不是这两个方面，现在只说一说根据我听过的讲座和会议，总结出来的一些东西，比较笼统，具体的研究计划还是要各位自己制定)

口译

应用领域：医疗，政治，法律，社会，教育

具体问题:

1. 文本分析 (就是分析transcription)

2. 翻译质量评估

3. 新技术的应用

4. 历史 (起源及发展)

5. 口译与伦理学 (翻译要遵循的道德准则之类的)

6. 专业词汇

7. 口译市场及待遇条件

8. 如何培养议员？

这样一来，其实每一个分支下面的具体研究也是落到了我在这个答案最开始的时候说的理论上面。可能会有一些其他的，但是关于翻译的理论总是属于这五大类别：cognitive, textual, social historical, communicative, philosophic and hermeneutic.

需要注意的是，很多研究的理论框架是multidisciplinary的，一般情况很难用一个理论支持一整个研究。比如口译教学肯定是要有教学法方面的理论，口译与伦理学甚至要做社会学方面的了解等等。

专业文本翻译: 基本上研究这两类的比较多: 科技类文本，法律类文本(合同啥的)

理论方面，文本分析用的比较多，目的论也有。研究方法一般都是问卷，调查，也可以通过语料库(corpus).专业术语的分析可以作为一个非常值得研究的点。举个例子：

Bestué, Carmen. Las traducciones con efectos jurídicos. Estudio de la traducción instrumental de las licencias de programas de ordenador. Tesis dotoral. Dirección: Olga Torres-Hostench, Mariana Orozco Jutorán. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009.

这篇论文研究了电脑软件使用许可合同的翻译。属于法律翻译范畴。首先它指出了在英语及西班牙语文化中，法律文本(合同)的不同特点，其次分析了使用许可合同这一具体文本的特点，例如书写规范及专业用语等等，最后分析了，在英语和西班牙语两种不同文化背景下的如何进行文本的转换，也就是翻译，及翻译方法(technical)的选择。除了法律方面的理论外，翻译的理论框架主要是Nord关于普通文本及工具类文本之间的差别。合同可以视作规范开发者及消费者关系的工具类文本。

此外我主要想说的，也是我的导师一直在告诉我的: 研究要有研究价值，这个价值既可以是学术的，也可以是社会的。一般情况下，文学翻译可能会比较容易产生学术价值，但是口译，以及专业性文本的翻译，更能产生社会价值。但是这需要我们跳出文本分析的局限，多去做一些社会调查，去了解社会真正的需要，而不仅仅是纸上谈兵。比如说，我在同专业博士生的论文介绍中，看到有些人研究西班牙**中女性的社会问题及翻译需求，还有残疾人的影视字幕翻译，沙特***译员培养以及翻译市场需求等等。我觉得这些研究，虽然比起单独分析文本，看文献查资料，要费时费力，但是研究成果一定是对社会非常有益处的。

所以我也建议各位，在写论文的时候不要将目光局限于“可以用什么理论，参考什么书籍”，而是想一想社会的实际需要，以及基于这些需要，或者说是研究上的空白，我们能研究什么。也许这样你的思路可能会更多。

更新：今天晚上我会在这个答案里更新一下 关于口译 以及专业性文章的翻译

更新一下 参考文献

Toury, Gideon. Los estudios descriptivos de traducción y más allá: metodología de la investigación en estudios de traducción. Madrid: Cátedra, 2004.

2. Sánchez Nieto, María Teresa. Metodología y aplicaciones en la investigación en traducción e interpretación con corpus. Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid, 2015.

第一本应该是有英文版的

由于最近大家评论及私信的问题还是挺多的 我决定更新一下回答 加入一些关于翻译研究方**的内容

1.在翻译研究中首先要确定研究方向，这个很简单，比如文学翻译，翻译教学，影视翻译，机器翻译，翻译市场研究，口译等等 其次就是 要明确你的研究是基于译者 翻译过程 译文 还是读者 基于不同的研究对象 所要用到的理论也是不同的

2.其次 需要明确你的研究是基于什么 是基于文本 语料库 还是调查 或者是实验 翻译学研究 基本都是基于前三种 举个例子

第一种 就是基于一部作品

第二种 就是基于语料库 这个语料库可以是现有的 也可以是自己整理的 比如研究 某一个诗人的作品的翻译 这就需要找到这个诗人所有的作品及其译文 构建语料库

第三种 就是调查问卷

3.明确了这一点后 就可以开始构建理论框架 语料库和调查问卷的制作 都离不开理论支撑 尤其是调查问卷 每一个提出的问题必须有理有据 不能随便想出一个问题就提 这个其实很麻烦 我一个朋友的调查问卷 被她的导师改了将近一个学期

4.然后就是基于语料库或者调查 得出研究结果 注意这个结果 和结论是不一样的

5.分析调查结果 这里也要用到各种理论 具体就根据自己的研究查找了 比如基于译者 可能就是运用到sociology比较多 译文 比较多的就是文化元素的分析 读者 可能就要用到目的论

6.最后 得出结论

最重要的一点是 你不能先提出一个理论 然后询问别人或者自己 基于这个理论可以写什么 研究的顺序 首先是要明确自己的研究方向 研究对象 其次才能去查找理论 而且就算是每一个研究方向 基于不同的对象进行研究 需要用到的理论也是不同的 比如 你直接说影视翻译可以用什么理论 是不可以的 因为影视翻译的研究 也可以基于不同的对象 比如说 这个字幕是机器翻译的 或者是翻译软件翻译的 那你的研究就相当于变成了机器翻译 需要运用到比如说TAO (traducción asistida por ordenador)有关的知识 或者说你想要研究译者的内心活动 需要用到的技术（不能算是理论）eyetracker 再比如 你是研究一部电影中文化元素的翻译 就要用到culturema 如果是研究读者的反应或者是在目标语文化中的反馈 就是目的论等等

就是这样 回家之后我会把参考书目放上来

这个问题得具体分析了 首先你要知道 你的报告具体涉及到哪个主题 是文学翻译 影视字幕翻译 翻译教学 还是现代翻译技术等等 如果是现代翻译技术 影视字幕翻译 那基本是需要翻译认知论的相关知识

由于我主要是研究文学翻译 推荐你几个大的方向吧 具体的书籍 只能通过你的具体研究方向去自行查找了

Translation, rewriting and manipulation of literary frame. Andre Lefevere关于翻译受到包括社会意识形态，保护人（出版社，文学评论家等）的影响。

Polisystem. 由Itamar Even Zohar提出，认为文学是一个复杂的系统，在这个系统中有代表主流方向的文学和非主流的，中心的和边缘的，创新的和保守的。

Norm.由Gideon Toury提出。文学翻译中应遵循的一系列准则。

目的论。代表人物有Reiss, Vermeer, Christiane Nord。

最后补充一条 如果你的研究 与性别有关 还可以用到gender study的内容 这一部分我没有看过很多英文的著作 我所知道的都是西班牙语写的所以你也可以自行查找一下

能帮忙把下一段翻译成英语吗

Nowadays there have been a lot surveys on the mental health of college students. Nevertheless, considering the close relationship between mental health and the living environment, it still deserves due attention and effort that up to now no comprehensive and systmeitc surveys or comparisons have yet been conducted on the pyschological states of students living in the Universtiy Town of Changsha city, and detailed knowledge about the psychological problems or illnesses is still lacking, though there are students not very good in mental health who need psychological intervention, and student who are mentally ill and in need of treatment to avoid any recurrence of the tragic incident of Ma Jiajue. Therefore, this research plan focuses on the students in Changsha University Town and uses the Symptom check list-90 to research their mental health, with an eye to the differences between different genders, different grades (which range from freshmen to seniors), different fields of studies (arts and science), and between students from urban and rural backgrouds. According to the research results, the average mental health level of students in Changsha University Town is above the national norm of college students, but below the national norm of the young, and their mental health, therefore, needs to be further improved, and education in mental health as well as psychological counseling needs to be strengthened. Besides, the research shows that although no gender differences of mental health have been detected, differences related to different grades, disicplines and urban vs. rural backgrounds are obvious.

什么是性别盲视(gender blind)和性别中立(gender neutral)?二者有什么区别? 需要学术一点的解释

性别盲（Gender Blind）

「性别盲」的概念乃是扣紧男人没有能力已看到自己是男人，对此，女性主义学者批判传统「男流」（male-stream）论述的相关谬误，包括：（一）以男性观点为主，并且隐含合理化男性利益的理论推演；（二）将以男性样本的研究发现，类推为人类全体的经验或以男性经验为所有人类的经验常模（norm）；（三）排除或漠视女性经验及其女性切身的相关议题；（四）当研究包括女性时，视女性为附属或偏差，并以扭曲和歧视方式来呈现女性；（五）很少把性别（sex and gender）视为重要的解释变项；（六）当性别被纳入分析变项时，则是仅仅检视两性的差异，并且主要是立基於个人层次的分析，倾向於将差异归因於两性先天的不同，而没有处理女性相对且整体的弱势处境，更没有探讨造成此一现象的结构性原因，如此一来，反而是提供了两性教育机会分配不均的正当性基础。准此，将这种视男性经验为常规与常态，进而排除或扭曲女性经验，以至於漠视性别权力不平等的社会现实现象，称之为「性别盲」，其作用往往也是用以合理化并且巩固父权体制中的性别不平等，就此而言，自然是缺乏所应该要有的性别敏感、敏觉和敏锐。

资料来源：****

急急！！英语外交要我们辩论关于同性恋的话题，谁帮我用英文想几个点，谢谢！@~

1.同性恋是错误的，根据生物进化论同性恋不是正常应该存在的现象。

其实所有的生物都有一定比例的同性恋现象，尤其是灵长类动物中更为凸显。

2.同性恋婚姻合法化会使更多正常人变成同性恋或者有同性恋倾向，假如我和一群流氓在一起时间长了，那我成为流氓的可能性也大了很多。

虽然有不少人是因为后天的因素成为同性恋，但是同性恋作为性取向来说，不是你想变就能变的。

3.同性恋结婚合法化后法律的标准就将会动摇，比同性恋更荒谬的事情将会不断产生。如果同性恋可以结婚，那一个人和另外一种动物可不可以结婚？比如我喜欢我家的猫那我是不是也可以和猫结婚？按理来讲人也是动物不是麼？

我相信，两个同性别的人应该能很清楚地表达自己是否愿意和对方结婚。猫没有表达的权利，因为即便它表达了发对的含义，也不是人类锁能清楚理解的。

4.从道德上来讲，同性恋合法化是违反道德的一种行为。这个世界女人是应该温柔贤惠，男人应该有阳刚之气等等，性“开放”不等於无道德性的开放。社会还没有变成无视道德**的地步。

同性恋跟**什麽时候扯上关系了？让你找个男人结婚，又不是让你找你爸或你兄弟结婚。

5.同性恋结婚不能生育。假如一大批同性恋结婚后，中国的下一代将大大减少。或许现在来看中国确实需要减少人口，但在将来的几百年中人口将会因为同性恋而不断的减少，最后国家将没有下一代。现在欧洲一些国家生育率已经低於死亡率了。

有研究表明，人类中同性恋的比例几乎没有改变过，但是人类却存在了几十万年。

6.同性恋结婚将会后假如领养孩子，那后过不堪设想，孩子们的心灵将会被扭曲。如果一个**收养了一个小孩，你说她的小孩能不被她寄母的行为所影响吗？正因为从小受到的影响，**领养的小孩更容易成为**。同性恋领养的小孩更容易成为同性恋。小孩总是拿父母做为自己的偶像，所以我们不能把可怜的小孩交给同性恋们。

单亲妈妈也带来很多问题，乾脆不许单亲妈妈带小孩吧。

7.同性恋在几千年的宗教历史里都是邪恶的象徵，神不支持同性恋。宗教给我们讲述了很多优良的道德，这里面就有我们应该感化同性恋。

宗教还说：我们应该将通奸者用乱石砸死，异性恋们，你们做到了么？

8.同性恋合法化将会使社会不再正常，各个媒体都会弄一些同性恋出来。比如美国就有很多同性恋的节目，光看就觉得恶心无比了。精神残害将会成为正常人每天的午餐。

一个人恶心不代表所有人恶心。

9.同性恋女性的比例要比男性大很多，假如中国同性恋合法化后那麼已经男女比例失调的中国将会更加陷入困境。

对於猥琐男来说，只要有免费的女人给他们上，他们才不在乎同性恋多少呢。