求英翻中翻译

The final phase of the design process appears sequen¬tial; it involves determination of the cable profiles required, and checking of such items as parasitic mo¬ments, ultimate moment capacity and shear strength.

设计流程的最后阶段似乎是连贯的。它包含了电缆型材的确定，和对寄生力矩，极限力矩和剪切强度等项的核对。

These calculations would usually be performed by sepa¬rate, procedural packages. If reasonable decisions have been made at the earlier stages, it should normally be possible to perform these tasks in a logical sequence.这些计算通常由单独的其他流程完成。若在早期阶段就已做出合理的决定，通常按照逻辑顺序完成这些任务是可行的。 However, an expert system must be able to make rational decisions on the courses of actions to be taken when a trial cable profile proves unsatisfactory, or when any item fails on checking. This is not a trivial operation. 但是，当试验电缆型材结果不理想，或某试验项失败，需要采取行动时，专家系统必须能够做出合理的决定。这不是一个随便的小操作。In certain circumstances, **all changes to the most recently made decisions will rectify the problem, while in other cases, the failure is severe enough to mean that the earliest con¬ceptual decisions were invalid.在特定环境下，微小的改变，对于当时最快做出的决定来说，能够纠正问题。在另外的情况下，问题过于严重，事后会发现当时（早期）采取的决定是无效的。

The received wisdom about the domain, as published in standard texts, makes little reference to decision making in the final stage of the design process. 如标准文本中所述，指令传达后收到的信息，只参照设计最终阶段决定的很少部分。Standard texts tend to dwell on how the calculations required in the second and final phases may be carried out. 标准文本意在阐明需要的计算是如何在第二和最终阶段运行的。当最终阶段出现故障时，纠正措施中列出的建议就很少了。In the event of a failure while performing the final phase, very little advice is available on the remedies. Specialist literature may present some limited information on how simple decisions can be made in the first and second phases; 专家说明可能列出了关于如何在第一和第二阶段做出简单决定有限的信息。although the clues offered on conceptual design are far from being adequate to deal realistically with design problems. 尽管这些关于概念设计的线索远远不够解决现实的设计问题。It is clear that considerable scope exists for a study of the design process, to provide the information required by an expert system, before work can start on building the expert system itself.很显然设计流程存在大量问题有待研究，在专家系统建立前，需要提供给该系统它本身所需要的信息。

The present investigation concentrates at this stage on one aspect of the process: the selection of the type of bridge structure to be adopted, a subject domain which falls within the conceptual phase of the design procedure.当前阶段的调查集中于流程中的一个方面：要采用的桥结构类型的确定，一个概念设计阶段的主题命令。

隐含碳（Embodied Carbon）

你好楼主，呵呵，我对这个概念也很感兴趣，guge一下。找到了多是外贸和建筑行业的相关概念。下面的还是定义比较准备的一个，是关于建筑行业。翻译来自自动翻译，虽不通顺，但无碍阅读。希望对楼主有帮助

隐含碳是指碳的能源消耗，并由此产生的碳与生产相关的排放/制造中的所有新建筑（包括原材料和运输生产的组成部分）建筑用材料。 它也包括与这些建材/维护有关的元素，在建筑物的碳排放量，并与最终处置或回收的路要走。 体现了建设项目的碳是开发商，业主和经营者，建筑师，结构工程师和承包商的利益。 这是建筑师，结构工程师及承建商谁最能影响和降低体现在设计阶段的碳排放量。

Embodied carbon refers to the energy consumed and also the resultant carbon emissions associated with the production / manufacture of all the materials used in the construction of a new building (including transport of raw materials and manufactured component). It can also include carbon emissions associated with the maintenance of those building aterials/elements during the life of the building, and furthermore with their eventual disposal or recycling.

在体现碳材料或产品（能源）通常包括： -

提取原料（如粘土，砂，石灰石，碎石和金属矿石），以及相关的交通。

原材料加工成产品（如成水泥灰岩，为钢或铝金属矿石）。

运输产品的网站。

安装材料/成建筑产品。

维修材料/产品。

最终寿命材料的处置。

这是“隐含碳”定义。

The embodied carbon (energy) of a material or product is usually encompasses: -

Extraction of raw materials (e.g. clay, sand,limestone, aggregates and metal ores), and associated transport.

Processing raw materials into products (e.g. limestone into cement, metal ores into steel or aluminium).

Transport of product to site.

Installation of material / product into building.

Maintenance of material / product.

End-of–life disposal of material.

This is the “cradle-to-grave” definition.

encompasses是什么意思

encompasses

v. 包括; 包含; 包围; 围绕( encompass的第三人称单数 );

[例句]This cultural environment encompasses both internal and external project relations and values.

这个文化环境同时包括内在的和外在的项目关系和价值。

encompasses什么意思

encompasses

v.

包括; 包含; 包围; 围绕( encompass的第三人称单数 );

双语例句

1

UNICEF, with other United Nations partners, has developed an initiative that encompasses both primary and secondary levels.

儿童基金会与联合国其他伙伴共同提出了一项包括初级和中等教育的倡议。

2

It encompasses not just a technical infrastructure but also a user experience framework, usually some form of a selling channel, and a defined large-scale developer ecosystem.

它不仅包括技术基础设施，还包括用户体验框架，其形式多为销售渠道，以及形式明确、规模庞大的开发商生态系统。