【原创】英文姓名系列02 - Timothy

英文名Timothy一般被前人音译成“ 提摩西 ”或“ 提摩太 ”，我们先来看看它的词源资料。

English form of the Greek name Τιμοθεος (Timotheos) meaning "honoring God", derived from τιμαω (timaō) "to honor" and θεος (theos)"god". Saint Timothy was a companion of Paul on his missionary journeys and was the recipient of two of Paul's epistles that appear in the New Testament . According to tradition, he was martyred at Ephesus after protesting the worship of Artemis . As an English name, Timothy was not used until after the Protestant Reformation .

上面的英文翻译过来就是：

Timothy是希腊语人名Timotheos（意思是“ 荣耀之神 ”）对应的英文形式，该希腊语单词源于timaō（ 尊敬/给以某荣誉 ）和theos（ 鬼神/神灵/神祗 ）的词根组合。圣徒提摩太曾陪伴圣徒保尔一同前往它国传教，《新约圣经》中收录的2篇《使徒行传》也是保尔写给他的。根据传统说法，他因反对崇拜阿耳特弥斯而在以弗所惨遭杀害。Timothy这个英文名字是在新教改革运动之后才开始广泛使用。

对比timocracy=tim-o-cracy（ 荣誉政治 ）可知，单词timothy=tim-o-thy是类前缀timo-（ 荣誉/价值/馈赠物 ）和the(u)os（ 死神/鬼神/鬼魂 ）的词根the(u)-/thu-/thy-（ 离去/死去/死亡 ）构成的复合词，字面意思就是“ 荣耀之神/光荣的神 ”。

（1）类前缀timo-（ 荣誉/价值/馈赠物 ）跟英语单词time（ 时间/区间/区段 ）是 没有 任何音义关系的，因为timo-=ti-mo-=kwei-mo-的词根是kwei-（ 馈赠/补偿/弥补 ）的词义，-mo-是表示“ 事物 ”的名词后缀，所以timo-的字面意思才是“ 馈赠物 ”，在希腊语中表示“ 荣誉/价值 ”。

（2）希腊语词根theu-与英语单词die/dead/death同词根，对应的印欧词根为dheu-3（ 过去/故去/死去 ），而希腊语单词theos（ 死神/鬼神/神祗 ）是早期thewos的讹变（ wo跟o读音相似混淆 ）。类似地，希腊语单词neos（ 新生的 ）是newos的讹变，Dios（ 天神/白天 ）是Diwos的讹变。

（3）使用**教圣徒（提摩太）Timothy作名字的名人当中，比较有影响力的就是本文插图中的英国演员Timothy Dalton（ 提摩西●道尔顿 ），他因扮演第4任007而获得广泛的知名度。

每日一词根grat/grac "pleasing, thankful"

词根 grat 来源于拉丁形容词 gratus   "pleasing" ,  From PIE root *gwere-(2) "favor" , 常见变体形式为 grac . 

grat/grac相关单词:

grat eful  [ˈɡreɪtfl] adj. 感谢的；令人愉快的，宜人的

■ 拆 : grat(thankful)+e+ful(adj: full of) - full of thankful - 令人快意的; 可喜的

con grat ulate  [kənˈɡrætʃuleɪt] vt. 祝贺；恭喜；庆贺

■ 拆 : con(com: together)+grat(pleasing)+ul+ate(to cause) - to cause sth pleasing oneself together with ** else - 祝贺

grat itud e  [ˈɡrætɪtuːd] n. 感谢（的心情）；感激

■ 拆 : grat(thankful)+i+tude(the state or quality) - 感谢; 感激

grat ify  [ˈɡrætɪfaɪ] vt. 使满足；使满意，使高兴

■ 拆 : grat(pleasing)+i+fy(to cause) - 使...感到高兴

■ 拓展

gratification [ˌɡrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n. 满意；喜悦；使人满意之事

in grat e  [ɪn'ɡret] n. 忘恩负义的人 adj. 忘恩负义的，不知感恩的

■ 拆 : in(not)+grat(thankful感激的) - not thankful - 忘恩负义的

in grat iate  [ɪnˈɡreɪʃieɪt] vt. 使迎合；使讨好；使逢迎

■ 拆 : in(into)+grat(pleasing)+i+ate(to make) - to make oneself  into pleasing others使自己被别人喜欢 - 巴结; 讨好

■ 拓展

ingratiating [ɪnˈɡreɪʃieɪtɪŋ] adj. 逢迎的，讨好的；迷人的，吸引人的

grat uity  [ɡrəˈtuːəti] n. 赏钱，小费；赠物；[劳经] 退职金

■ 拆 : grat(pleasing)+u+ity(n: thing) -sth pleasing the recipient 使收受者高兴的东西 -赏金；小费

■ 拓展

gratuitous [ɡrəˈtuːɪtəs] adj. 无理由的，无端的；免费的

grat is  [ˈɡrætɪs,ˈɡreɪtɪs] adv. 免费地，无偿地 adj. 免费的，无偿的

■ 拆 : 来自拉丁语形容词gratis - pleasing 令人高兴的 - grat+is - 后用于形容免费的, 无偿的

grac e  [ɡreɪs] n. 优雅；恩惠；魅力；慈悲 vt. 使优美

■ 拆 : grac(pleasing)+e -pleasing behavior 使人快意的行为

■ 拓展

graceful [ˈɡreɪsfl] adj. 优雅的；优美的

graceless [ˈɡreɪsləs] adj. 粗野的；不知礼的；不知耻的

gracious  [ˈɡreɪʃəs] adj. 亲切的；高尚的；和蔼的；雅致的 int. 天哪；哎呀

壹 句

After all, when you can't talk with one another, you can't understand one another.

毕竟，当人们无法互相交谈时，就无法达成互相的理解.

有关英语

词根其实就是经常用到的英语单词的组成部分~比如 information、translation里面的“tion”这样，一般读音是固定的，而且表示的词性大部分也是相同的，像tion放在末尾一般表示名词（也有一些特殊的）

LZ你看单词看多了会有感觉的~这东西不用死记

英语词根

1) dis(not, the opposite of) disadvantage, dislike, disagree, disappear, disarm, disaster, disastrous, disappoint, disable, disability, discharge, disclose, discount, discourage, discover, discovery, discrepancy, disease, disgrace, disguise, disgust, dishonor, dishonest, dislike, di**ay, disorder, dispatch, disperse, displace, displacement, displease, disregard, dissatisfy, distort , distract, disintegrate, isparage, dispassion, disproportionate

2) in- (not, in, into) inability, incorrect, inability, incapable, indirect, inhuman, injustice, informal, inside, include, inclusive, income, increase, increasingly, incredible, indefinite, independence, independent, indifferent, indirect, indispensable, individual, indoor, inertia , inevitable, infamous , infinite, inhabit , inhabitant, inherent , inject, inland , inlet , inner, innocent, innumerable , input, inquire, inquiry, insane, insensitive, insert, inside, insight, insist, inspect, inspiration , inspire, install, installation, installment , instance, instant, instinct, insulate , intense, interior, internal, into, intrinsic, invade, invalid , invaluable , invariably , invasion, invert , investigate, invisible, involve, inward, incomplete, indecisive, inedible, inept, inevitably, infection, infirm, injection, innate, insatiable, insecurity, insider, insidious

3) im- (not, in, into) impossible, imbalance, immature, immoral, impatient, implicit , impress, impression, import, immigrate, imprison, immerse

4) il- (not) illegal, illiterate, illogical ir- (not) irregular, irresponsible, irrespective

5) un- (not) unable, uncover, undo, undoubtedly, undress , uneasy, unemployment , unexpected, unfold , unfortunately, unimportant, unlike, unload, unusual, unaware, enlightened, unparalleled, unsustainable

6) non- (not) non**oker, nonexistence, non-cooperation, nonstop, nonmetal, nonresident, nonsense, nonfundamentalist, nonspecialist

7) mis- (wrong, wrongly) mislead, misspell, misstep, misfortune, misuse, misguided, misinformation

8) de- (showing the opposite, to remove, to reduce) deform, deface, demobilize, destruction, deforest, denationalize, depress, depression, decode, decrease, degenerate , degrade , descend, descendant , descent

9) pre- (before, in advance) prefix, pre-historic, precaution, precede , preceding, preclude , predecessor , predict, predominant , preface, prejudice, preliminary, premature , premier , premise , premium , preparation, prepare, prepay, preside , president, presumably, presume , pretext , prevail, prevent, previous, prewar, preconception, prediction, prescientific, presumptively

10) ante-, (before, in advance) anteroom, ante-Christian, antemeridian, anticipate, antique

11) fore- (in advance, before, in or at the front) forearm, forehead, foreman, foretell , foresee , forefather , foreleg, forerunner , fore , foremost, forecast, forewarn

12) ex- (out, out of, former) ex-minister, ex-president, ex-Soviet Union, ex-wife, export, exclude, exclusive, excursion, exhibit, exile , exit, exotic , expand, expansion, expedition , expel , expend , expenditure , expense, explode, explosion, explosive, expose, exposition , exposure, express, expression, extend, extension, extensive, exterior, external, extinct, extra, extract

13) post- (later than, after) postgraduate, postwar, postmeridian, postpone, postscript

14) sub- (under, below, less important) sub, subject, subway, subtitle, subdivide, submarine , sub-zero, submerge, submit, subordinate , subscribe , subsection, subsequent, subsidiary , subsidy , substance, substantial, substitute, subtract, suburb, subconsciously, subtly

15) infra- (below in a range, beyond) infrastructure , infrared 16) re- (again, back to a former state) react, reaction, recall, recede , receipt, recipient , reclaim , recognize, recognition, record, recorder, recover, recovery, recreation, recur , recycle , redundant , reflect, reflection, reflexion, reform, refrain , refresh, refreshment , refund , refute , reinforce, reject, remember, remind, removal, remove, renaissance , renew, repay , repeat, repeatedly, repel , repetition, replace, replacement, represent, representative, repression , reproduce, respect, respond, response, responsibility, responsible, restore, resume, return, reunion , revise, revive

17) co-, col-, com-, con-, cor- (with together) co-existence, cooperative , co-author, coalition , coherent , coincide , coincidence , collaboration , colleague, collide , collision, collocation, compassion, compassionate, concentric, confederation, conjoin, coordinate, correlate, correlation, correspond

18) inter- (between, among) interchange, interchangeable, interdependent, interpersonal, interview, interact , interaction, intercourse , interface , interfere, interference, Internet, interrupt, interval, intervene

19) macro- (large) macroeconomics , macroco** , macrostructure

20) micro- (extremely **all) microcomputer, microeconomics , microscope, microphone, microsurgery, microelectronics, microbiologist

21) super- (greater or more than) super, supermarket, supersonic , superman, superpower, supernatural, supervise , superb, superficial, superintendent , superior, superiority , supreme, supersystem

22) sur- (more than, beyond) surplus, surtax, surface, surpass , surround, survival, survive, suspect

23) ultra- (beyond, very, too) ultramodern, ultrasound, ultra-violet

24) auto- (of or by oneself) auto, autocritici**, autoland, automobile, automation , automatic, autobiography , autonomous , autonomy

25) mal- (bad, badly) malfunction, maltreat , malnutrition , malpractice

26) tele- (at or over a long distance, by or for television) telegram, television, telegraph, telephone, telecommunications , telescope, telescreen, teleswitch, televise

28) semi-, hemi- (half) semicircle, semiconductor, semi-colony , semifinal, hemisphere

29) uni-, mono- (one) uniform, unify , union, unique, unit, unite, unity, universe, universal, university, monologue , monoplane, monopoly , monotone, monotonous , carbon monoxide

30) bi-, di- (two) biweekly, bicycle, bilateral , billion, bilingual, dialogue, carbon dioxide

31) tri- (three) tricycle , triangle, triangular, trilogy , triple, trigonometry

32) quadri-, quadru- (four) quadruple, quadrangle

33) penta- (five) pentagon, Pentagon, Pentium

34) hexa- (six) hexagon, hexangular mill- (thousand) millennium, millimeter

35) sept- (seven) September, Sept-Wolves nona- (nine) nonagon, November

36) octa- (eight) octagon, octave, octopus, October 38) deci-, deca- (ten) decade, decimal

39) centi- (hundredth part) centigrade, centimeter, centipede, century

40) kilo- (thousand) kilo, kilometer, kilogram (me), kilowatt